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Middle-earth in video games

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Middle-earth video games, including the action role-playing hack and slash game The Lord of the Rings: War in the North, on display at the Electronic Entertainment Expo 2011

There are many video games that have been inspired by J. R. R. Tolkien's works set in Middle-earth. Titles have been produced by studios such as Electronic Arts, Vivendi Games, Melbourne House, and Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment.[1][2]

Official games

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Further information: List of Middle-earth video games

Early efforts (1982–1994)

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In 1982, Melbourne House began a series of licensed Lord of the Rings graphical interactive fiction (text adventure) games with The Hobbit, based on the book with the same name.[3] The game was considered quite advanced at the time, with interactive characters that moved between locations independent of the player, and Melbourne House's 'Inglish' text parser which accepted full-sentence commands where the norm was simple two-word verb/noun commands.[4][5] They went on to release 1986's The Fellowship of the Ring, 1987's Shadows of Mordor, and 1989's The Crack of Doom. A BBC Micro text adventure released around the same time was unrelated to Melbourne's titles except for the literary origin. In 1987, Melbourne House released War in Middle Earth, a real-time strategy game.[6][7] Konami also released an action-strategy game titled J. R. R. Tolkien's Riders of Rohan.[8]

The Lord of Rings: Journey to Rivendell was announced in 1983 by Parker Brothers for the Atari 2600, but was never released. The prototype ROM can be found at AtariAge.[9][10]

In 1990, Interplay, in collaboration with Electronic Arts (who would later obtain the licenses to the film trilogy), released Lord of the Rings Vol. I (a special CD-ROM version of which featured cut-scenes from Ralph Bakshi's animated adaptation) and the following year's Lord of the Rings Vol. II: The Two Towers, a series of role-playing video games based on the events of the first two books. A third instalment was planned, but never released. Interplay's games mostly appeared on the PC and Amiga, but later they did a Lord of the Rings game for the SNES, which was different from the PC Version. A Lord of the Rings game for Sega Genesis was planned to be released by Electronic Arts but never released.[11][12][13] In 2000, Troika Games was contracted to make a Lord of the Rings game by Sierra On-Line based on the novel. In 2001, Sierra decided to develop the game internally. The game was cancelled in 2002, when Sierra shut down their development studio.[14]

Film trilogy revival (2001–2009)

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Thereafter, no official The Lord of the Rings titles were released until the making of Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings film trilogy for New Line Cinema in the early 2000s, which brought the story to the mass market. Electronic Arts obtained the licences for the three films, while Vivendi Games obtained the licence to produce games based on the books from Tolkien Enterprises. This gave rise to an unusual situation: Electronic Arts produced no adaptation of The Fellowship of the Ring, but produced adaptations of The Two Towers (which covered events of both the first two films)[15] and The Return of the King,[16] whereas Vivendi only produced a game covering the first volume of Tolkien's work, The Fellowship of the Ring.[17] While Vivendi's access to the book rights prevented them from using material from the film, it permitted them to include elements of The Lord of the Rings which were not in the films. EA, on the other hand, were not permitted to do this, as they were only licensed to develop games based on the films, which left out elements of the original story or deviated in places.[18]

In 2003, Vivendi produced an adaptation of The Hobbit, aimed at a younger audience: The Hobbit,[19] as well as a real-time strategy game The Lord of the Rings: War of the Ring, both based on Tolkien's literature.[20][21]

Further spin-offs from the film trilogy were produced: A real time strategy game The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth,[22] and a turn-based role-playing game The Lord of the Rings: The Third Age were released in 2004,[23][24] and a PSP-exclusive title, The Lord of the Rings: Tactics in 2005.[25]

In 2005, EA secured the rights to both the films and the books, thus The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II incorporated elements of the film adaptions, and the original Tolkienesque lore.[26] EA also began work on an open world role-playing video game called The Lord of the Rings: The White Council, but it was put on indefinite hold in early 2007,[27] with no further information about its developmental or release status.

In May 2005 Turbine, Inc. announced that they had acquired exclusive rights to create massively multiplayer online role-playing games based on the novel by Tolkien Enterprises,[28] and launched The Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar on 24 April 2007.[29] Initially, the game covered the region of Eriador, from the Grey Havens to the Misty Mountains, and about as far north and south, but subsequent updates and expansion packs have more than doubled the game world, including areas such as Moria, Lothlórien, Mirkwood, Isengard and Rohan. The game is based on the books and Turbine's licence explicitly prohibits them from including any story or design elements unique to the movie adaptations. On the other hand, this allowed game designers to include lesser-known areas and references to the events, which are absent from the movies. The first expansion to The Lord of the Rings Online was released on 18 November 2008, entitled Mines of Moria.[30] The next expansion, Siege of Mirkwood, was released on 1 December 2009.[31] The third expansion titled Rise of Isengard went live on 27 September 2011 and included the areas of Dunland, the Gap of Rohan and Isengard where the tower of Orthanc is located.[32] The fourth expansion, Riders of Rohan, was released on 15 October 2012, featuring The Eaves of Fangorn and eastern part of Rohan up to the East Wall.[33] The fifth expansion, Helm's Deep, launched in November 2013 and added the remainder of the Rohan landscape.[34]

The Lord of the Rings: Conquest produced by Pandemic Studios using the same engine used in Star Wars: Battlefront was released in early 2009 on the PC and all seventh-generation video game systems except the Wii and PSP. All versions received mixed reviews, with the Nintendo DS version garnering slightly better reviews.[35] The game also marked the end of Electronic Arts licence, which had already been extended some months so that the game could be completed. Subsequently, the licence, obtained via Tolkien Enterprises, passed to Warner Bros.[36]

The Warner Bros. era (2010–present)

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After Warner Bros. gained the licence to publish Middle-earth video games, the first game to be published under this new licence holder would be The Lord of the Rings: Aragorn's Quest, an action-adventure retelling of the Peter Jackson film trilogy from Aragorn's perspective, on Nintendo and Sony video game platforms, with Wii and PlayStation 3 versions taking advantage of motion controls to simulate sword, shield and bow combat.[37]

The 2010s saw the release of three darker and more violent Middle-earth video games that were rated Mature by the ESRB. The first of such games was The Lord of the Rings: War in the North, an action role-playing game that takes place in Northern Middle-earth. It was developed by Snowblind Studios and released on 1 November 2011.[38][39][40] Then Monolith Productions developed a two-game, non-canon Middle-earth: Shadow spin-off series, set between the events of The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings. The main protagonist of these two action RPGs is a Ranger named Talion who bonds with the Elf spirit Celebrimbor, gaining wraith-like powers to deal with adversaries. The first game, Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor was released in 2014,[41] with its sequel, Middle-earth: Shadow of War, released in 2017.[42]

In that same decade, Warner Bros. released Lego The Lord of the Rings and Lego The Hobbit, two family-friendly Lego video game adaptations of the Lord of the Rings film trilogy, The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey and The Hobbit: The Desolation of Smaug.[43][44] In 2019, The Lord of the Rings: Adventure Card Game was released, a digital adaptation of the physical card game.[45][46]

An action-adventure game, titled The Lord of the Rings: Gollum and focusing on the titular character, was announced by Daedalic Entertainment in March 2019.[47] The game was originally scheduled for release in 2021, which would end up being pushed to 2022,[48][49][50] until publisher Nacon announced a release date of 25 May 2023 for Steam, PlayStation, and Xbox, with a Switch version later in the same year.[51] The game was released to generally negative reviews.

Ahead of Gollum's initial release, a new mobile game, titled The Lord of the Rings: Heroes of Middle-earth, was released for iOS and Android on May 10, 2023 by Electronic Arts,[52][53] and is the first game to released by such publisher since The Lord of the Rings: Conquest. It is a turn-based role-playing game developed by EA Capital Games that plays similarly to its previously developed Star Wars: Galaxy of Heroes. However, just months after worldwide launch, Electronic Arts prematurely ended support for the game, shutting it down on May 24, 2024,[54] amidst the turmoil of the 2023–2024 video game industry layoffs that affected the company's development projects.

The Lord of the Rings: Return to Moria is a survival-crafting multiplayer game developed by Free Range Games and published by North Beach Games, released on October 24, 2023. The story takes place during the Fourth Age and follows a company of dwarves as they try to retake their homeland Moria and restore the long-lost ancient kingdom of Khazad-dûm.[55]

Unofficial games

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Unofficial games include Shadowfax (1982) by Postern, a simplistic side-scrolling action game for the Spectrum, C64, and VIC-20, in which Gandalf rides the titular steed while smiting endless Nazgûl. Some of the most enduring unlicensed games are Moria (1983), a roguelike based loosely on The Fellowship of the Ring (and unrelated to a 1975 game of the same name with only scant connection to Tolkien); its various forks such as Angband (1990), loosely based on The Silmarillion; Elendor (1991), a MUSH based on Tolkien in general;[56][57] and two MUDs based on The Lord of the Rings: MUME (Multi-Users in Middle-earth) (1992)[58][59] and The Two Towers (1994).[60]

A homebrew text adventure was created for the Atari 2600, based on The Fellowship of the Ring, by Adam Thornton. The game, which is separate and not related to the unreleased Parker Brothers game,[9] was self-published in 2002.[61]

Tolkien-inspired mods and custom maps have been made for many games, such as Heroes of Might and Magic, Warcraft III, Neverwinter Nights, Rome: Total War, Medieval 2: Total War, Warlords 3, The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim, Mount & Blade, Age of Empires II: The Age of Kings, and Age of Wonders. The game Minecraft has been used extensively as a tool to recreate Middle-earth, most notably the servers MCME (Minecraft Middle Earth)[62] and ArdaCraft,[63] in addition to large-scale mods like The Lord of the Rings Mod: Bringing Middle-earth to Minecraft.[64] Furthermore, The Middle-Earth DEM Project released a playable dataset compiled for Outerra's engine which attempts to model the terrain of the full Middle-earth in great detail and to feature notable landmarks within the world as 3D models.[65]

Delta 4 released the two parody games Bored of the Rings (1985, not directly based on the Harvard Lampoon parody novel of the same name),[66] and The Boggit (1986).[67]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Warner Bros. Games are coming out of the shadow of its movies". 15 June 2017. Archived from the original on 4 July 2017. Retrieved 3 July 2017.
  2. ^ "Warner Bros., Tolkien Estate Settle $80 Million 'Hobbit' Lawsuit". The Hollywood Reporter. 3 July 2017. Archived from the original on 3 July 2017. Retrieved 3 July 2017.
  3. ^ Simon Sharwood (18 November 2012). "Author of 80's classic The Hobbit didn't know game was a hit". The Register. Retrieved 18 November 2012.
  4. ^ Maher, Jimmy (16 November 2012). "The Hobbit". The Digital Antiquarian. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
  5. ^ Ruminations On "The Hobbit" Fandom Archived 2014-10-10 at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ Lombardi, Chris (May 1989), "Mordor, They Rode!", Computer Gaming World, pp. 10–11
  7. ^ Gingher, Robert (October 1989). "War in Middle Earth". Compute!. p. 134. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
  8. ^ Greenberg, Allen L. (February 1992). "Riders of the Video Mage". Computer Gaming World. p. 66. Retrieved 24 November 2013.
  9. ^ a b The Lord of Rings: Journey to Rivendell at AtariAge
  10. ^ "AtariAge". Archived from the original on 30 October 2014. Retrieved 2 October 2014.
  11. ^ "Sega Genesis: Great Expectations for 1992". GamePro. No. 31. IDG. February 1992. pp. 36–46.
  12. ^ "News Special - CES Show: Games List - Megadrive". Mean Machines. No. 17. EMAP. February 1992. p. 12.
  13. ^ "CES Special Report: Genesis & SNES Games For 1992 - Genesis". GamePro. No. 33. IDG. April 1992. pp. 20–24.
  14. ^ Litchfield, Ted (6 May 2023). "A Fallout co-creator has been revealing heater after heater of never-before-seen RPG history on YouTube, including an early Lord of the Rings RPG demo". PC Gamer. Future plc. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  15. ^ "Lord of the Games". IGN. 2 December 2002. Retrieved 27 October 2014.
  16. ^ Brown, Steve (August 2003). "Scoop: The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King". PC Gamer UK: 8–9.
  17. ^ Azeltine, Lauren; Moore, Drew (2002). "Player Characters". The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring PlayStation 2 Instruction Manual. Vivendi Universal Games. p. 6. Retrieved 22 February 2016.
  18. ^ "Lord of the Games". IGN. 2 December 2002. Retrieved 27 October 2014.
  19. ^ "The Hobbit". Eurogamer. Retrieved 16 October 2014.
  20. ^ Ocampo, Jason (7 November 2003). "The Lord of the Rings: War of the Ring Review". GameSpot. Retrieved 19 April 2014.
  21. ^ Adams, Dan (4 November 2003). "Lord of the Rings: War of the Ring Review". IGN. Retrieved 19 April 2014.
  22. ^ Ocampo, Jason (7 December 2004). "The Lord of the Rings, The Battle for Middle-earth Review". GameSpot. Retrieved 10 November 2019.
  23. ^ Sulic, Ivan (13 May 2004). "E3 2004: Third Age Hands-On". IGN. Retrieved 3 December 2014.
  24. ^ Massimilla, Bethany (16 September 2004). "The Lord of the Rings: The Third Age Hands-On". GameSpot. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
  25. ^ "Lord of the Rings: Tactics". IGN. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
  26. ^ Ocampo, Jason (7 December 2004). "The Lord of the Rings, The Battle for Middle-earth Review". GameSpot. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
  27. ^ Hatfield, Daemon (2 February 2007). "White Council Adjourns". IGN. Retrieved 11 September 2012.
  28. ^ Thompson, Kristin. The Frodo Franchise: The Lord of the Rings and Modern Hollywood. p. 359.
  29. ^ "PC Review: Lord of the Rings Online: Shadows of Angmar". CVG. Retrieved 24 August 2007.
  30. ^ "Turbine Unveils Launch Date, Pre-order and Early Upgrade Programs for the Lord of the Rings Online™: Mines of Moria™ | the Lord of the Rings Online". Archived from the original on 6 May 2013. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
  31. ^ TURBINE LAUNCHES THE LORD OF THE RINGS ONLINE™: SIEGE OF MIRKWOOD™
  32. ^ "THE LORD OF THE RINGS ONLINE™: RISE OF ISENGARD™ TO LAUNCH ON SEPTEMBER 27TH | the Lord of the Rings Online". Archived from the original on 6 March 2013. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
  33. ^ "THE LORD OF THE RINGS ONLINE™: RIDERS OF ROHAN™ TO LAUNCH SEPTEMBER 5, 2012 | the Lord of the Rings Online". Archived from the original on 13 March 2013. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
  34. ^ "Updated: Turbine Temporarily Delays LOTRO's Helm's Deep Launch". TenTonHammer. 18 November 2013. Retrieved 28 November 2013.
  35. ^ Metacritic results : "Lord of the Rings: Conquest" (links) metacritic.com
  36. ^ McWhertor, Michael (12 March 2009). "Lord of the Rings License Leaves EA, Journeys back to WB". kotaku.com. Archived from the original on 13 April 2016. Retrieved 10 March 2016.
  37. ^ Miller, Greg (3 June 2009). "E3 2009: The Lord of the Rings: Aragorn's Quest Hands On". IGN. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  38. ^ Makuch, Eddie (2 August 2011). "LOTR: War in the North begins November 1". GameSpot. Retrieved 29 December 2014.
  39. ^ "The Lord of the Rings: War in the North". Eurogamer. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
  40. ^ "The Lord of the Rings: War in the North - A new fellowship arrives on the Mac". 18 September 2013. Retrieved 29 December 2014.
  41. ^ Plante, Chris (1 October 2014). "'Shadow of Mordor' is morally repulsive and I can't stop playing it". The Verge. Archived from the original on 8 August 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
  42. ^ "Shadow of War highlights the strengths and weaknesses of PS4 Pro". eurogamer.net. Retrieved 6 January 2017.
  43. ^ "Feral Interactive: LEGO The Lord of the Rings release announcement". 21 February 2013. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
  44. ^ Gera, Emily (16 March 2015). "Lego: The Hobbit won't get Battle of the Five Armies DLC". Polygon. Retrieved 28 August 2020.
  45. ^ "The Lord of the Rings: Adventure Card Game". GameSpot. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
  46. ^ Bolding, Jonathan (17 October 2020). "Months after studio closure, The Lord of the Rings: Adventure Card Game gets an update". PC Gamer. Retrieved 10 January 2021.
  47. ^ "A new Lord of the Rings video game is coming in 2021". Polygon. 26 March 2019. Archived from the original on 9 March 2023. Retrieved 25 May 2023.
  48. ^ Mercante, Alyssa (26 January 2021). "The Lord of the Rings: Gollum pushed to 2022". GamesRadar+. Archived from the original on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 19 September 2021.
  49. ^ "Gollum's quest for his precious will begin on September 1, 2022! Coming on PC & consoles and on November 30, 2022 on Nintendo Switch. #GollumGame💍". The Lord of the Rings: Gollum (@GollumGame). 24 May 2022. Archived from the original on 9 June 2022. Retrieved 27 May 2022.
  50. ^ Wales, Matt (25 July 2022). "The Lord of the Rings: Gollum delayed again, this time "by a few months"". Eurogamer.net. Archived from the original on 31 July 2022. Retrieved 26 July 2022.
  51. ^ Romano, Sal (23 March 2023). "The Lord of the Rings: Gollum launches May 25 for PS5, Xbox Series, PS4, Xbox One, and PC, later for Switch". Gematsu. Archived from the original on 23 March 2023. Retrieved 23 March 2023. The Switch version will follow later in 2023.
  52. ^ "EA launches The Lord of the Rings: Heroes of Middle-earth on mobile". Venture Beat. 10 May 2023. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  53. ^ "Electronic Arts Partners with Middle-earth Enterprises on the Development of Upcoming Mobile Game The Lord of the Rings: Heroes of Middle-earth™". ea.com. Retrieved 25 May 2022.
  54. ^ "An Important Update". The Lord of the Rings: Heroes of Middle Earth. Electronic Arts. 24 May 2024. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
  55. ^ Brian Crecente (25 October 2022). "Digging into The Lord of the Rings: Return to Moria development". Epic Games. Retrieved 12 May 2023.
  56. ^ Moss, Will; Pantuso, Joe (6 April 1996). The Complete Internet Gamer. John Wiley & Sons. p. 142. ISBN 0-471-13787-1. Elendor is a very large and successful Mush dedicated to role playing and exploration in the world of J.R.R. Tolkien's Middle Earth. This is the same universe immortalized in the classic Lord of the Rings trilogy, the books that defined sword-and-sorcery fantasy. If you don't want to encounter a lot of other players, this is the wrong Mush to play in. Elendor is well populated, and it is hard to move around without encountering other characters.
  57. ^ Davis, Erik (October 2001). "Wired 9.10: The Fellowship of the Ring". Wired. Retrieved 13 April 2010. Elendor, an old-school Middle-earth multiuser shared hallucination, remains one of the most popular text-based worlds in cyberspace.
  58. ^ Maloni, Kelly; Baker, Derek; Wice, Nathaniel (1994). Net Games. Random House / Michael Wolff & Company. p. 79. ISBN 0-679-75592-6. MUME IV Multi-Users in Middle Earth, or MUME, simulates Tolkien's world of Middle Earth. [...] Role-playing is encouraged, but this is primarily an adventure and combat MUD. [...] Server: Diku
  59. ^ Greenman, Ben; Maloni, Kelly; Cohn, Deborah; Spivey, Donna (1996). Net Games 2. Michael Wolff & Company. p. 247. ISBN 0-679-77034-8. MUME [...] The action takes place in the late Third Age, before The Hobbit and after the loss of the One Ring by Sauron. The key of Erebor was just found by Gandalf and all the epic tales narrated in The Lord of the Rings may take place.
  60. ^ English, Katharine, ed. (1996). Most Popular Web Sites: The Best of the Net from A 2 Z. Lycos Press / Macmillan Publishers. p. 315. ISBN 0-7897-0792-6. Two Towers Multi-User Dungeon http://www.angband.com/towers This page serves as an entrance to the Two Towers Multi-User Dungeon, allowing game players to step into the world of fantasy writer J.R.R. Tolkien. Intrepid visitors can learn about the game or link to Tolkien sites dotting the net.
  61. ^ "AtariAge". Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 2 October 2014.
  62. ^ Moore, Ewan (17 July 2019). "Minecraft Players Recreate Whole of Middle Earth After Nine Year Effort". UNILAD. Retrieved 7 April 2020.
  63. ^ Keating, Lauren (4 September 2015). "Minecraft Users Recreate The Shire From 'The Lord of the Rings'". Tech Times. Retrieved 7 April 2020.
  64. ^ "The Lord of the Rings Mod: Renewed". Curseforge. Retrieved 26 February 2023.
  65. ^ Rubin, Peter (4 February 2014). "If Middle-earth Were Real, These Exquisite Shots Would Be Its Vacation Brochure". Wired. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  66. ^ Bored of the Rings at SpectrumComputing.co.uk
  67. ^ Price, Richard (August 1986). "The Boggit". Sinclair User (August 1986): 76–77.
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