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克

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 剋
克 U+514B, 克
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-514B
← 兊
[U+514A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 兌 →
[U+514C]

Translingual

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Han character

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Stroke order
7 strokes

克 (Kangxi radical 10, 儿+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 十口竹山 (JRHU), four-corner 40216, composition ⿱古儿 or ⿱十兄)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 124, character 15
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1355
  • Dae Jaweon: page 263, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 269, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+514B

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 克
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
j16985
j16986
j16987
j16988
j16989
j16990
j16991
j16992
j16993
j16994
j16995
j16996
j16997
j16998
j16999
j17000
j17001
j17002
j17003
j17004
j17005
j17006
j17007
j17008
j17009
j17010
j17011
j17012
j17013
j17014
j17015
j17016
j17017
j17018
b10909
b10910
b10911
b10912
b10913
b10914
b10915
b10916
b10917
b10918
b10919
b10920
b10921
b10922
b10923
b10924
b10925
b10926
b10927
b10928
b10929
b10930
b10931
b10932
b10933
b10934
b10935
b10936
b10937
b10938
s04991
Transcribed ancient scripts
L38195
L38196
L38197
L38198
L38199
L27880
L27881
L27882
L27883
L27884
L27885
L27886
L27887
L27888
L27889
L27890
L27891
L27892
L27893
L27894
L27895
L27896
L27897
L27898
L27899
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (克) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
克 *kʰɯːɡ
剋 *kʰɯːɡ
勊 *kʰɯːɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : a battle helmet 由 and a pelt 皮 – "to defeat; to vanquish". Alternatively, pictogram (象形) : a person 卩 carrying something 由 over their shoulders – "to shoulder; to be competent".

Also simplified from 剋.

Etymology 1

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simp. and trad.
 克
"gram"
Short for 克蘭姆／克兰姆, from French gramme.
Tibetan measuring vessel, Tibetan volume unit, Tibetan area unit
From Tibetan ཁལ (khal).

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 克
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 德 (131)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 苦得切
Baxter khok
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kʰək̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kʰək̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kʰək̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kʰək̚/
Li
Rong 		/kʰək̚/
Wang
Li 		/kʰək̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/kʰək̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		ke
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		hak1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 克
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		kè
Middle
Chinese 		‹ khok ›
Old
Chinese 		/*kʰˁək/
English carry; able; dominate

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 克
Reading # 1/1
No. 7480
Phonetic
component 		克
Rime
group 		職
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		刻
Old
Chinese 		/*kʰɯːɡ/
Notes 甲金文象人首頂物回手叉腰示勝任，
轉註爲勊

Definitions

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克

  1. (literary) to be able to
    克勤克儉／克勤克俭  ―  kèqínkèjiǎn  ―  hardworking and thrifty
  2. to defeat; to vanquish; to conquer
    Synonyms: 剋, 戰勝 / 战胜 (zhànshèng)
    克敵／克敌  ―  kèdí  ―  to defeat the enemy
  3. to subdue; to restrain
    克制  ―  kèzhì  ―  to restrain
  4. to digest
    克食  ―  kèshí  ―  to aid digestion
  5. to set (a time limit)
    克日  ―  kèrì  ―  to set a date
  6. (dialectal) Pronunciation spelling of 去.
  7. Used in transcription.
    克羅地亞／克罗地亚  ―  Kèluódìyà  ―  Croatia
    法蘭克福／法兰克福  ―  Fǎlánkèfú  ―  Frankfurt
    烏孜別克族／乌孜别克族  ―  Wūzībiékèzú  ―  Uzbek
    傑克／杰克  ―  Jiékè  ―  Jack
    馬克思／马克思  ―  Mǎkèsī  ―  Marx
    錫克／锡克  ―  xīkè  ―  sikh
    羅曼蒂克／罗曼蒂克  ―  luómàndìkè  ―  romantic
    夾克／夹克  ―  jiākè  ―  jacket
    馬賽克／马赛克 [Shanghainese]  ―  6mo-se5-kheq7 [Wugniu]  ―  mosaic
    巧克力 [Shanghainese]  ―  1chiau-kheq7-liq8 [Wugniu]  ―  chocolate
    1. gram (g)
      1市兩等於50克。／1市两等于50克。  ―  1 shìliǎng děngyú 50 kè.  ―  1 market tael is equivalent to 50 grams.
    2. a Tibetan unit of volume or dry measure
    3. a Tibetan unit of land area
See also
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Usage notes
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It is commonly used to transcribe the /k/ sound in words of foreign languages not immediately followed by a vowel, e.g. 傑克／杰克 (Jiékè, “Jack”), 法蘭克福／法兰克福 (Fǎlánkèfú, “Frankfurt”), , etc..

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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克 (Hokkien)

  1. to bear; to endure
  2. Alternative form of 𣁳 (khat)

Compounds

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Etymology 3

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For pronunciation and definitions of 克 – see 剋 (“to counteract; to work against; to conflict; etc.”).
(This character is the simplified and variant traditional form of 剋).
Notes:

Japanese

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Kanji

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克

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. to overcome, to subdue (addiction, disease)
  2. to restrain (oneself)

Readings

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  • Go-on: こく (koku, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: こく (koku, Jōyō)
  • Kun: かつ (katsu, 克つ)、よく (yoku, 克く)、よい (yoi)

Compounds

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Korean

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Hanja

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克 (eumhun 이길 극 (igil geuk))

  1. hanja form? of 극 (“to win; to beat; able; competent”)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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克: Hán Nôm readings: khắc

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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