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官

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 宮
官 U+5B98, 官
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B98
← 宗
[U+5B97] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 宙 →
[U+5B99]

Translingual

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Stroke order
8 strokes

Han character

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官 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 十口中口 (JRLR), four-corner 30777, composition ⿱宀㠯)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 283, character 15
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7107
  • Dae Jaweon: page 558, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 921, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+5B98

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 官
alternative forms 𡧺
𡦹
𠕍

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (官) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
官 *koːn
棺 *koːn, *koːns
倌 *koːn, *kroːns
悹 *koːn, *koːnʔ, *koːns
涫 *koːn, *koːns
管 *koːnʔ
琯 *koːnʔ, *kuːns
痯 *koːnʔ, *koːns
輨 *koːnʔ
錧 *koːnʔ, *koːns
館 *koːnʔ, *koːns
婠 *koːns, *qoːn, *qruːd
悺 *koːns
逭 *ɡoːns
菅 *kroːn
綰 *qroːnʔ, *qroːns
捾 *qoːd

Compositionally related to 宮. Approximately analysable as ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 宀 + 𠂤 – multiple rooms under a roof, an official building.

Etymology

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Probably the same word as 倌 (OC *koːn, *kroːns, “servant”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • Putian:
    • gua1 - vernacular (incl. surname of most people);
    • guang1 - literary (incl. surname of a few people).
  • Xianyou:
    • guaⁿ1 - vernacular;
    • guong1 - literary (incl. surname).
Note: koaⁿ - vernacular, koan - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 官
Mandarin Beijing /kuan⁵⁵/
Harbin /kuan⁴⁴/
Tianjin /kuan²¹/
Jinan /kuã²¹³/
Qingdao /kuã²¹³/
Zhengzhou /kuan²⁴/
Xi'an /kã²¹/
Xining /kuã⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /kuan⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /kuɛ̃n³¹/
Ürümqi /kuan⁴⁴/
Wuhan /kuan⁵⁵/
Chengdu /kuan⁵⁵/
Guiyang /kuan⁵⁵/
Kunming /kuã̠⁴⁴/
Nanjing /kuaŋ³¹/
Hefei /kʊ̃²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /kuæ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /kuɑŋ¹³/
Hohhot /kuæ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /kuø⁵³/
Suzhou /kuø⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /kuõ³³/
Wenzhou /ky³³/
Hui Shexian /kuɛ³¹/
Tunxi /kuːə¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /kõ³³/
Xiangtan /kɔn³³/
Gan Nanchang /kuɵn⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /kuon⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /kon²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kun⁵³/
Nanning /kun⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /kun⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kuan⁵⁵/
/kuã⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kuaŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kuiŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /kuã³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /kuaŋ²³/
/kua²³/
Rime
Character 官
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 桓 (62)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古丸切
Baxter kwan
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kuɑn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kʷɑn/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kuɑn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kwan/
Li
Rong 		/kuɑn/
Wang
Li 		/kuɑn/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/kuɑn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		guān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gun1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 官
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		guān
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kwan ›
Old
Chinese 		/*kʷˁa[n]/
English official (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 官
Reading # 1/1
No. 4435
Phonetic
component 		官
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime 		官
Old
Chinese 		/*koːn/

Definitions

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官

  1. government official, public servant
    官員／官员  ―  guānyuán  ―  official
    做官  ―  zuòguān  ―  to hold an official position
    外交官  ―  wàijiāoguān  ―  diplomat
  2. governmental; official
    官辦／官办  ―  guānbàn  ―  government-run; operated by official bodies
    官方  ―  guānfāng  ―  official; authoritative; approved
  3. public; communal
    Synonyms: 公 (gōng), 公共 (gōnggòng), 公用 (gōngyòng)
    Antonym: 私 (sī)
  4. organ (part of a body)
    Synonym: 器官 (qìguān)
    五官  ―  wǔguān  ―  the five sense organs (ears, eyes, mouth, nose and tongue)
  5. a surname

Descendants

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  • → English: Guan, Kwan

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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官

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
官
つかさ
Grade: 4
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 官 – see the following entry.
【長つかさ】2
[noun] a manager, a headman, a foreman
[noun] an official
[noun] government service
[proper noun] a surname
[proper noun] a unisex given name
Alternative spellings
司, 首, 宰, 省
(This term, 官, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
官
かん
Grade: 4
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 官 (MC kwan).

Pronunciation

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Affix

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官(かん) • (kan) ←くわん (kwan)?

  1. government office
  2. government official
  3. official rank; official position
  4. public; state-owned (use, facility, etc.)
  5. sense organ

Noun

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官(かん) • (kan) ←くわん (kwan)?

  1. government office; authority
  2. government official
  3. official rank; official position
  4. (obsolete) the state; government
  5. (obsolete) short for 太(だい)政(じょう)官(かん) (daijōkan).

References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

References

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Korean

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Hanja

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官 (eumhun 벼슬 관 (byeoseul gwan))

  1. hanja form? of 관 (“government office”)

Compounds

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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官: Hán Nôm readings: quan[1][2][3][4][5][6]

  1. a mandarin, an official

References

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  1. ^ Génibrel (1898).
  2. ^ Bonet (1899).
  3. ^ Thiều Chửu (1942).
  4. ^ Nguyễn (1974).
  5. ^ Trần (1999).
  6. ^ Nguyễn et al. (2009).
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