棄

See also: 弃

棄	U+68C4, 棄 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-68C4

← 棃
[U+68C3]

CJK Unified Ideographs

棅 →
[U+68C5]

Translingual

Han character

棄 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+8 in Chinese, 木+9 in Japanese, 12 strokes in Chinese, 13 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 卜戈廿木 (YITD), four-corner 0090₄, composition ⿳𠫓丗木)

Derived characters

𠾍, 𣙆, 𮑒, 𭗦

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 531, character 15
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14913
Dae Jaweon: page 920, character 3
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1237, character 7
Unihan data for U+68C4

Chinese

trad.		棄
simp.		弃
alternative forms		弆甭弃 ancient form

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 棄
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 子 (“child”) + 𠀠 (“basket”) + 廾 (“two hands”) - throwing out a child in a basket. 子 was often inverted as 𠫓.

In the oracle bone script form, 子 may appear with dots on either side of its head and body, perhaps representing amniotic fluid or dust.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qì (qi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hei³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hi / khi
Eastern Min (BUC): ké
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): khì

(Teochew, Peng'im): ki³
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵chi

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qì
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cì
  - Wade–Giles: chʻi⁴
  - Yale: chì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chih
  - Palladius: ци (ci)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: hei³
  - Yale: hei
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hei³
  - Guangdong Romanization: héi³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hei̯³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hi / khi
  - Hakka Romanization System: hi / ki
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hi⁴ / ki⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /hi⁵⁵/, /kʰi⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ké
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɛi²¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khì
  - Tâi-lô: khì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qix
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰi²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰi⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰi²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰi¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰi²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ki³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khì
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰi²¹³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵chi
  - MiniDict: chi^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²qi
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕʰi³⁴/

Middle Chinese: khjijH

Rime
Character	棄
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	脂 (15)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	詰利切
Baxter	khjijH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰiɪ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰjɪ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰi^H/
Li Rong	/kʰi^H/
Wang Li	/kʰi^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hei³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[kʰ]i[t]-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʰlids/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	棄
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qì
Middle Chinese	‹ khjij^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[kʰ]i[t]-s/
English	throw away, abandon
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	棄
Reading #	1/1
No.	10171
Phonetic component	棄
Rime group	至
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	棄
Old Chinese	/*kʰlids/

Definitions

棄

to abandon; to discard; to reject
a surname

Compounds

References

“棄”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

棄

(Jōyō kanji)

discard, throw out, throw away

Readings

Go-on: き (ki, Jōyō)
Kan-on: き (ki, Jōyō)
Kun: すてる (suteru, 棄てる)

Compounds

放棄(ほうき) (hōki), 抛棄(ほうき) (hōki): abandonment, giving up; renunciation

Korean

Hanja

棄 (eumhun 버릴 기 (beoril gi))

hanja form^? of 기 (“reject, abandon, discard”)

Vietnamese

Han character

棄: Hán Nôm readings: khí

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