氓

氓	U+6C13, 氓 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6C13

Translingual

Han character

氓 (Kangxi radical 83, 氏+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 卜女口女心 (YVRVP), four-corner 0774₇, composition ⿰亡民)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 598, character 4
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17030
Dae Jaweon: page 990, character 2
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2131, character 3
Unihan data for U+6C13

Chinese

trad.		氓
simp. ^#		氓
alternative forms		𣱅

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 氓
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (亡) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
忙	*maːŋ
芒	maːŋ, maŋ
茫	*maːŋ
恾	*maːŋ
吂	maːŋ, maːŋs
汒	maːŋ, maŋs
朚	maːŋ, hmaːŋ, maŋ, mraːŋ, *mraːŋs
邙	maːŋ, maŋ
杗	maːŋ, maŋ
荒	hmaːŋ, hmaːŋs
肓	*hmaːŋ
衁	*hmaːŋ
巟	*hmaːŋ
詤	hmaːŋ, hmaːŋʔ, *hmaŋʔ
慌	hmaːŋ, hmaːŋʔ
謊	*hmaːŋʔ
喪	smaːŋs, smaːŋ
亡	*maŋ
望	maŋ, maŋs
莣	*maŋ
朢	maŋ, maŋs
鋩	*maŋ
硭	*maŋ
忘	maŋ, maŋs
网	*mlaŋʔ
罔	*mlaŋʔ
蛧	*maŋʔ
網	*mlaŋʔ
輞	*maŋʔ
棢	*maŋʔ
惘	*maŋʔ
菵	*maŋʔ
誷	*maŋʔ
魍	*maŋʔ
妄	*maŋs
盲	*mraːŋ
蝱	*mraːŋ
虻	*mraːŋ
氓	*mraːŋ
甿	*mraːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *mraːŋ) : phonetic 亡 (OC *maŋ) + semantic 民 (“people”).

Etymology 1

Wikipedia has an article on:

流氓

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): máng (mang²)

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄤˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mong⁴ / man⁴
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): meng² / morng²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): bâng / bîn

(Teochew, Peng'im): mang⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: máng
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄤˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: máng
  - Wade–Giles: mang²
  - Yale: máng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mang
  - Palladius: ман (man)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɑŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: mong⁴ / man⁴
  - Yale: mòhng / màhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mong⁴ / man⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: mong⁴ / men⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɔːŋ²¹/, /mɐn²¹/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: meng²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɛŋ¹³/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: morng²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɒŋ¹³/

Note:

meng2 - literary;
morng2 - vernacular.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bâng
  - Tâi-lô: bâng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: baang
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /baŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /baŋ²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /baŋ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bîn
  - Tâi-lô: bîn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: biin
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Xiamen): /bin²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bin¹³/

Note:

bâng - literary;
bîn - vernacular (俗).

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: mang⁵
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mâng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /maŋ⁵⁵/

Definitions

氓

Only used in 流氓 (liúmáng).

Compounds

流氓 (liúmáng)
流氓罪

Etymology 2

trad.		氓
simp. ^#		氓
alternative forms		萌

Cognate with Tibetan དམངས (dmangs, “ordinary people; populace”), Tibetan འབངས ('bangs, “subjects”) (Benedict, 1976). Unrelated to 民 (OC *min, “people”); probably unrelated to etymology 1 (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): méng (meng²)

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄥˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mang⁴ / man⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: méng
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: méng
  - Wade–Giles: mêng²
  - Yale: méng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: meng
  - Palladius: мэн (mɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɤŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: mang⁴ / man⁴
  - Yale: màhng / màhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mang⁴ / man⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: meng⁴ / men⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɐŋ²¹/, /mɐn²¹/

Middle Chinese: meang

Rime
Character	氓
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	耕 (117)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	莫耕切
Baxter	meang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mˠɛŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/mᵚæŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/mɐŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/məɨjŋ/
Li Rong	/mɛŋ/
Wang Li	/mæŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/mæŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	méng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mang⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤr[i]ŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*mraːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	氓
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	méng
Middle Chinese	‹ mɛng ›
Old Chinese	/*mˁr[i]ŋ/
English	population, people
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	氓
Reading #	1/1
No.	12694
Phonetic component	亡
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	甍
Old Chinese	/*mraːŋ/

Definitions

氓

(literary) people; folk
- alt. forms: 萌, 甿 (méng)
- 氓之蚩蚩，抱布貿絲。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  氓之蚩蚩，抱布贸丝。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Méng zhī chīchī, bào bù mào sī. [Pinyin]
  A simple-looking lad you were,
  Carrying cloth to exchange it for silk.
nomad; wanderer (used to refer to migrants in ancient China)

Compounds

愚氓 (yúméng)
群氓

References

“氓”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “氓”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 151.
zi.tools

Japanese

Kanji

氓

(Hyōgai kanji)

people, subjects

Readings

Go-on: みょう (myō)
Kan-on: もう (mō)
Kan’yō-on: ぼう (bō)
Kun: たみ (tami, 氓)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
氓
ぼう Hyōgai
kan'yōon

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Affix

氓(ぼう) • (bō)

people; subjects

Korean

Hanja

氓 • (maeng) (hangeul 맹, revised maeng, McCune–Reischauer maeng, Yale mayng)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

氓: Hán Nôm readings: manh

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