Jump to content

炭

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 灰
炭 U+70AD, 炭
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-70AD
← 炬
[U+70AC] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 炮 →
[U+70AE]

炭 U+2F91A, 炭
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F91A
← 灷
[U+2F919] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 𠔥 →
[U+2F91B]

Translingual

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

炭 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 山大火 (UKF) or 山一火 (UMF), four-corner 22289, composition ⿱山⿸厂火(HJKTV) or ⿱山灰(G))

Derived characters

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 668, character 24
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18953
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1077, character 24
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2195, character 15
  • Unihan data for U+70AD

Chinese

[edit]
trad. 炭
simp. # 炭
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • 炭 (Cantonese)
  • 炭 (Written Standard Chinese?)

Glyph origin

[edit]
Characters in the same phonetic series (炭) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
炭 *tŋ̊ʰaːns
湠 *tʰaːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *tŋ̊ʰaːns) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + abbreviated phonetic 岸 (OC *ŋɡaːns).

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tal (“charcoal; dust; ashes”). Cognate with Tibetan ཐལ་བ (thal ba, “ashes; dust; dirt”).

Derivative: 碳 (tàn, “carbon”).

(ACG slang) -tan
Borrowed from Japanese たん (tan). Also from the manga Binchō-tan, which features -tan suffix characters that are anthropomorphic representations of charcoal.

Pronunciation

[edit]
Note:
  • tua4/tuaⁿ4 - vernacular;
  • tang4 - literary.
Note:
  • thàn - literary;
  • thòaⁿ - vernacular.
Note:
  • tua3 - vernacular;
  • tang3 - literary.
Rime
Character 炭
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 透 (6)
Final (韻) 寒 (61)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 他旦切
Baxter thanH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tʰɑnH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tʰɑnH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tʰɑnH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/tʰanH/
Li
Rong 		/tʰɑnH/
Wang
Li 		/tʰɑnH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/tʰɑnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		tàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		taan3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 炭
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		tàn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ thanH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[tʰ]ˁa[n]-s/
English charcoal, coal

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 炭
Reading # 1/1
No. 12356
Phonetic
component 		炭
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		炭
Old
Chinese 		/*tŋ̊ʰaːns/

Definitions

[edit]

炭

  1. charcoal
    炭火  ―  tànhuǒ  ―  charcoal fire
  2. charcoal-like substance
  3. charcoal fire; hot charcoal
  4. (dialectal) coal
    肥炭 [Jin]  ―  xi1 tan3 [Wiktionary]  ―  bituminous coal
    笨炭 [Jin]  ―  beng3 tan3 [Wiktionary]  ―  anthracite
  5. Alternative form of 碳 (tàn, “carbon”)
  6. (ACG, Internet slang) -tan

Synonyms

[edit]
  • (charcoal):
Dialectal synonyms of 炭 (“charcoal”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 炭
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 炭, 木炭
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 炭
Harbin 炭, 木炭
Singapore 炭
Jilu Mandarin Xianxian (Xiaoying) 炭
Jinan 木炭
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 炭, 木炭
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 木炭
Wanrong 木炭
Xi'an 木炭
Dingbian 木炭
Xining 木炭
Xuzhou 木炭
Lanyin Mandarin Ürümqi 木炭
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 炭
Wuhan 板炭, 鋼炭
Guiyang 木炭
Liuzhou 火炭
Nanning (Fujian) 炭, 京炭
Nanning (Wuming) 木炭, 炭, 火炭
Binyang (Nanjie) 木炭
Hechi (Yizhou) 炭
Luocheng (Dongmen) 炭, 木炭, 火炭
Tianlin (Langping) 火炭
Yongzhou 木炭
Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) 木炭
Dagudi (Maliba) 火炭
Reshuitang (Longling) 火炭
Mae Salong (Lancang) 火炭
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 火炭
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 木炭
Yangzhou 炭
Hefei 炭
Cantonese Guangzhou 炭
Hong Kong 炭
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 炭
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 炭
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 炭
Taishan (Guanghai) 炭
Yangjiang 炭
Wuzhou 炭, 堅炭
Baise 炭
Qinzhou 炭, 木炭
Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) 炭
Beihai 木炭
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 木炭
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 木炭
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 木炭
Sanya (Yanglan; Maihua) 炭
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 炭
Móng Cái 木炭
Mandalay (Taishan) 炭, 木炭
Gan Nanchang 木炭
Pengze 炭
Lichuan 炭
Pingxiang 木炭
Hakka Meixian 響灰, 木炭, 炭
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 火炭
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 火炭
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 火炭
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 火炭
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 火炭
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 火炭
Hong Kong 火炭
Huizhou Jixi 炭
Jin Taiyuan 木炭
Xinzhou 木炭
Liangcheng 炭
Northern Min Jian'ou 炭
Eastern Min Fuzhou 炭
Southern Min Xiamen 炭, 火炭, 柴炭
Quanzhou 火炭
Jinjiang 𠕇炭
Zhangzhou 火炭, 柴炭
Guilin (Biyange) 炭
Chaozhou 火炭
Shantou 火炭
Jieyang 火炭
Pontianak (Teochew) 火炭
Leizhou 火炭
Haikou 炭
Puxian Min Xianyou 炭, 烏炭
Central Min Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping) 炭
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 火炭
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 炭, 木炭, 柴炭
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dongbianzhou) 木炭
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 黑炭
Yuanling (Shaojiwan) 炭
Luxi (Liangjiatan) 炭
Luxi (Lijiatian) 炭
Chengbu (Xuntou) 黑炭
Wu Shanghai 火炭
Suzhou 炭
Danyang 炭, 木炭
Hangzhou 炭
Ningbo 炭, 木炭
Wenzhou 炭
Jinhua 炭
Yiwu 炭
Xiang Changsha 炭, 白炭
Shuangfeng 白炭, 木炭
Hengyang 白炭
Hengshan 炭, 木炭
  • (charcoal fire): 炭火 (tànhuǒ)
  • (coal):
Dialectal synonyms of 煤 (“coal”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 煤, 烏金
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 煤, 煤炭
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 煤
Taiwan 煤
Chengde 煤
Chifeng 煤
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 煤
Heihe 煤
Qiqihar 煤, 炭 mined
Harbin 煤
Wuchang (Yingchengzi) 煤
Jiamusi 煤
Baicheng 煤
Changchun 煤
Tonghua 煤, 炭 mined
Shenyang 煤, 煤炭 mined, 炭 mined
Jinzhou 煤, 煤炭 mined, 砟子 mined
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 煤
Tangshan 煤
Cangzhou 煤
Xianxian (Xiaoying) 煤
Baoding 煤
Shijiazhuang 煤, 炭 fuel
Lijin 煤
Jinan 煤, 炭
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 煤
Dandong 煤
Yantai 煤
Qingdao 煤
Zhucheng 煤, 炭 mined
Central Plains Mandarin Lingbao 煤
Jining 煤, 煤炭, 炭 fuel
Wanrong 炭
Linfen 煤, 炭 mined
Shangqiu 煤, 煤炭 mined
Yuanyang 煤, 炭 mined
Zhengzhou 煤, 炭 mined
Xinyang 煤, 炭 mined
Ankang 煤, 煤炭
Ankang (Xianhe, Hanbin) 煤, 煤炭
Baihe 煤, 炭 mined
Baihe (Maoping) 煤炭
Xi'an 煤, 炭 mined, 煤炭 mined
Dingbian 炭
Baoji 煤, 煤炭 mined
Tianshui 煤, 石炭 mined
Xining 煤, 石煤 mined
Xuzhou 煤, 炭 mined
Fuyang 煤
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 煤, 煤炭
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 煤, 炭 mined
Lanzhou 煤, 炭 mined
Dunhuang 煤, 砟子 fuel
Hami 煤
Ürümqi 煤
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 煤, 煤炭 mined
Nanchong 煤, 煤炭 mined, 炭 mined
Dazhou 煤炭 mined, 薪炭 mined, 煤 fuel, 炭 fuel
Hanyuan 炭, 煤 fuel
Xichang 煤, 炭 mined
Zigong 煤, 煤炭 mined
Chongqing 煤炭 mined, 煤 fuel, 炭 fuel
Wuhan 煤, 炭 mined
Yichang 煤
Xiangyang 煤, 煤炭 mined
Tianmen 煤, 煤炭 mined, 炭 mined
Guiyang 煤, 烏金 mined, 鋼炭 mined, 炭 mined
Bijie 煤炭, 煤 fuel
Liping 煤
Zhaotong 炭
Dali 煤炭 mined, 煤 fuel
Kunming 煤, 煤炭 mined
Mengzi 煤 mined, 炭 fuel
Guilin 煤, 煤炭 mined
Pingle 煤
Liuzhou 煤
Luzhai 煤
Nanning (Xiakuojie) 煤
Nanning (Fujian) 煤
Nanning (Wuming) 煤
Binyang (Nanjie) 煤
Hechi (Yizhou) 煤
Luocheng (Dongmen) 煤, 煤炭
Tianlin (Langping) 煤
Jishou 煤
Changde 煤, 炭 mined
Yongzhou 煤炭
Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) 煤
Shiquan 煤炭
Ziyang 煤炭
Hanzhong 煤, 煤炭 mined
Dagudi (Maliba) 煤
Reshuitang (Longling) 煤
Mae Salong (Lancang) 煤
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 煤
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 煤
Yangzhou 煤, 煤炭 mined, 炭 mined
Lianyungang 煤, 炭 mined
Lianshui 煤
Nantong 煤, 炭 mined
Anqing 煤
Wuhu 煤, 煤炭 mined
Hefei 煤, 煤炭 mined
Hong'an 煤, 煤炭, 炭
Cantonese Guangzhou 煤
Hong Kong 煤
Taishan (Guanghai) 煤
Yangjiang 煤
Wuzhou 煤
Baise 煤
Qinzhou 煤
Qinzhou (Xiniujiao) 煤
Beihai 煤
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 煤炭
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 煤
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 煤炭
Lingchuan (Yangjia) 煤
Pingle (Majia) 煤
Pingle (Shuishan) 煤
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 煤
Móng Cái 煤炭
Mandalay (Taishan) 煤
Gan Nanchang 煤炭
Pengze 煤
Hakka Meixian 煤, 石炭
Bobai (Lingping) 煤
Guilin (Xiaojiang, Lingui) 煤
Lipu (Shuangduitun) 煤
Pingle (Tong'an) 煤
Yangshuo (Jinbao) 煤
Huizhou Shexian 煤
Jin Taiyuan 煤 soot, 炭 piece
Pingyao 炭
Yangyuan 煤, 炭 mined
Datong 炭
Datong (Xicetian, Yunzhou) 炭
Xinzhou 炭
Lüliang (Lishi) 煤, 炭 mined
Changzhi 煤, 炭 mined, 炭圪拉得 mined
Linhe 炭
Jining 炭
Liangcheng 煤
Hohhot 煤, 炭 mined
Erenhot 煤 mined, 炭
Pingshan 煤, 炭 mined
Zhangjiakou 煤, 煤炭 mined
Handan 煤, 炭 mined
Linzhou 煤, 炭 mined
Suide 炭, 石炭 mined
Jiuxing Yumin Jiande 煤
Jinhua 煤
Lanxi 煤
Tunxi 煤
Northern Min Jian'ou 煤, 煤炭
Eastern Min Fuzhou 煤
Fuqing 煤
Gutian 煤
Pingnan 煤
Fu'an 煤
Shouning 煤
Southern Min Xiamen 塗炭, 煤
Jinjiang 塗炭
Guilin (Biyange) 煤
Chaozhou 塗炭, 煤
Shantou 煤
Jieyang 塗炭, 煤
Pontianak (Teochew) 煤
Puxian Min Putian 煤, 煤炭
Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) 煤
Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) 煤
Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) 煤, 煤炭
Xianyou 煤
Xianyou (Fengting) 煤
Xianyou (Youyang) 煤
Central Min Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping) 煤
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 煤
Southern Pinghua Binyang 煤
Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dongbianzhou) 煤
Lingchuan (Sanjie) 煤
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 煤
Yuanling (Shaojiwan) 煤
Luxi (Liangjiatan) 煤
Chengbu (Xuntou) 煤
Wu Shanghai (Songjiang) 煤
Suzhou 煤
Wenzhou 煤
Yiwu 煤
Xiang Changsha 煤炭, 煤
Shuangfeng 煤炭
Hengyang 炭, 煤
Hengshan 煤炭
Hengshan (Baiguo) 煤炭

Compounds

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]
Sino-Xenic (炭):
  • → Japanese: 炭(たん) (tan)
  • → Korean: 탄(炭) (tan)
  • → Vietnamese: thán (炭)

Others:

Japanese

[edit]
Shinjitai 炭
Kyūjitai
[1]
炭
&#x2F91A;
or
炭+&#xFE00;?
炭󠄁
炭+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
炭󠄃
炭+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

[edit]
炭

(Third grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 炭)

  1. a coal or cinder from a fire
  2. charcoal

Readings

[edit]
  • Go-on: たん (tan, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: たん (tan, Jōyō)
  • Kun: すみ (sumi, 炭, Jōyō)

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]
Kanji in this term
炭
すみ
Grade: 3
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 炭 – see the following entry.
【すみ】
[noun] [from 762] charcoal
[noun] [from early 900s] a coal or cinder from a fire
[noun] [date uncertain] (rare) coal (fossil fuel)
(This term, 炭, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 2

[edit]
Kanji in this term
炭
たん
Grade: 3

From Middle Chinese 炭 (MC thanH).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

炭(たん) • (tan) 

  1. (rare) charcoal
    Synonyms: (more common; see above) 炭 (sumi), (literally “wood charcoal”) 木炭 (mokutan), (rare reading) 木炭 (kizumi)
  2. (rare) coal (fossil fuel)
    Synonyms: (literally “stone charcoal”) 石炭 (sekitan), (rare reading) 石炭 (ishizumi)
Usage notes
[edit]

This reading is only very rarely used as a standalone noun. Much more commonly encountered in compounds.

Derived terms
[edit]
Derived terms

Proper noun

[edit]

炭(たん) • (Tan) 

  1. a surname

Further reading

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1354 (paper), page 728 (digital)

Korean

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Middle Chinese 炭 (MC thanH). Recorded as Middle Korean 탄〯 (thǎn) (Yale: than) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

[edit]
Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

炭 (eumhun 숯 탄 (sut tan))

  1. hanja form? of 탄 (“charcoal; coal; carbon”)

Compounds

[edit]
Compounds

References

[edit]
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

炭: Hán Nôm readings: thán, than, tro

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=炭&oldid=82863503"