農
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]農 (Kangxi radical 161, 辰+6, 13 strokes, cangjie input 廿田一一女 (TWMMV), four-corner 55232, composition ⿱曲辰)
Derived characters
[edit]- 儂, 𠘊, 噥, 𡢿, 嶩, 𢐪, 憹, 擃, 濃, 㺜, 𮞀, 𣋏, 檂, 燶, 禯, 膿, 䁸, 䃩, 穠, 襛, 繷, 𦗳, 𧓅, 𪞽, 𨑊, 譨, 𨆞, 𮜻, 𨐺, 醲, 𨲳, 𫓒, 𩟊, 𩼅, 𪇌, 䵜, 𬉰, 𬍎, 𪒬, 齈
- 𣰊, 𪆯, 蕽, 𫧪, 𥵛, 𩅽, 鬞, 癑, 𢖢, 欁
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1252, character 24
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38688
- Dae Jaweon: page 1733, character 12
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3607, character 3
- Unihan data for U+8FB2
Chinese
[edit]| trad. | 農 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 农 | |
| alternative forms | 辳／农 | |
Glyph origin
[edit]| Historical forms of the character 農 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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In its current form, an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 曲 + 辰 (“field”). Top unrelated to 曲, and previously two hands, one on either side of a bundle 田 – a farmer bringing goods to market, from the field 辰.
Etymology
[edit]Probably Sino-Tibetan. Cognate with 耨 (OC *noːɡs, *nuːɡ, “hoe, rake; to weed”), possibly derived from it with the terminative suffix *-ŋ for action with a goal, i.e. "to get a field hoed" > "cultivated"; compare 亡 (OC *maŋ, “to disappear”) from 無 (OC *ma, “(there is) no”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Huang (2000), Norman (1983) and Zhou (1986) hypothesised that this is the same etymon as 儂 (OC *nuːŋ, “person, I, me”). See there for more.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nong2
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): lung4
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): neng1
- Northern Min (KCR): nǒ̤ng
- Eastern Min (BUC): nŭng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): norng2
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6non
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): long2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄨㄥˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: nóng
- Wade–Giles: nung2
- Yale: núng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nong
- Palladius: нун (nun)
- Sinological IPA (key): /nʊŋ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: nong2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: lung
- Sinological IPA (key): /noŋ²¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: nung4
- Yale: nùhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: nung4
- Guangdong Romanization: nung4
- Sinological IPA (key): /nʊŋ²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: nuung3
- Sinological IPA (key): /ⁿdɵŋ²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: lung4
- Sinological IPA (key): /luŋ³⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: nùng
- Hakka Romanization System: nungˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: nung2
- Sinological IPA: /nuŋ¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: neng1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /nəŋ¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: nǒ̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /nɔŋ²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: nŭng
- Sinological IPA (key): /nˡuŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: norng2
- Sinological IPA (key): /nɒŋ¹³/
- (Putian, Xianyou)
- Southern Min
Note:
- lâng - vernacular;
- lông - literary.
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: nowng
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*nˤ[o]ŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*nuːŋ/
Definitions
[edit]農
- to cultivate; to farm
- land cultivation; farming; agriculture
- farmer; grower
- (Catholicism) Nun
- a surname
Synonyms
[edit]- (farmer):
- (Nun): (Protestantism) 嫩 (nèn)
Compounds
[edit]- 三農 / 三农 (sānnóng)
- 不奪農時 / 不夺农时
- 不違農時 / 不违农时 (bùwéinóngshí)
- 中農 / 中农 (zhōngnóng)
- 佃農 / 佃农 (diànnóng)
- 僱農 / 雇农 (gùnóng)
- 先農 / 先农 (xiānnóng)
- 劉半農 / 刘半农
- 加農炮 / 加农炮 (jiānóngpào)
- 務農 / 务农 (wùnóng)
- 勞農 / 劳农 (láonóng)
- 勸農 / 劝农 (quànnóng)
- 卡農 / 卡农 (kǎnóng)
- 司農 / 司农 (sīnóng)
- 合作農場 / 合作农场
- 士農工商 / 士农工商 (shìnónggōngshāng)
- 大農 / 大农
- 大農經營 / 大农经营
- 契約農業 / 契约农业
- 寓兵於農 / 寓兵于农
- 小農 / 小农 (xiǎonóng)
- 工農兵 / 工农兵 (gōngnóngbīng)
- 市民農園 / 市民农园
- 布農族 / 布农族 (bùnóngzú)
- 弘農 / 弘农 (Hóngnóng)
- 歸農 / 归农 (guīnóng)
- 生態農業 / 生态农业 (shēngtài nóngyè)
- 省農科院 / 省农科院 (Shěngnóngkēyuàn)
- 神農架 / 神农架 (Shénnóngjià)
- 神農氏 / 神农氏
- 神農獎 / 神农奖
- 穀賤傷農 / 谷贱伤农
- 稻農 / 稻农
- 童農 / 童农
- 粗放農業 / 粗放农业
- 老農 / 老农 (lǎonóng)
- 自耕農 / 自耕农 (zìgēngnóng)
- 茶農 / 茶农 (chánóng)
- 莊農 / 庄农
- 菜農 / 菜农 (càinóng)
- 菸農 / 烟农 (yānnóng)
- 華農東 / 华农东 (Huánóngdōng)
- 華農西 / 华农西 (Huánóngxī)
- 蔗農 / 蔗农
- 蕉農 / 蕉农
- 藥農 / 药农 (yàonóng)
- 農事 / 农事 (nóngshì)
- 農人 / 农人 (nóngrén)
- 農作 / 农作 (nóngzuò)
- 農作物 / 农作物 (nóngzuòwù)
- 農保 / 农保
- 農具 / 农具 (nóngjù)
- 農功 / 农功 (nónggōng)
- 農務 / 农务 (nóngwù)
- 農友 / 农友
- 農圃 / 农圃
- 農地 / 农地 (nóngdì)
- 農地改革 / 农地改革
- 農地重劃 / 农地重划
- 農場 / 农场 (nóngchǎng)
- 農墾 / 农垦 (nóngkěn)
- 農夫 / 农夫 (nóngfū)
- 農奴 / 农奴 (nóngnú)
- 農奴制度 / 农奴制度 (nóngnú zhìdù)
- 農婦 / 农妇
- 農學 / 农学 (nóngxué)
- 農宅 / 农宅
- 農官 / 农官
- 農家 / 农家 (nóngjiā)
- 農家女 / 农家女
- 農家子 / 农家子
- 農家子弟 / 农家子弟
- 農工 / 农工 (nónggōng)
- 農忙 / 农忙 (nóngmáng)
- 農戰 / 农战
- 農戶 / 农户 (nónghù)
- 農技 / 农技
- 農技團 / 农技团
- 農政 / 农政
- 農時 / 农时 (nóngshí)
- 農曆 / 农历 (nónglì)
- 農曆年 / 农历年 (nónglìnián)
- 農會 / 农会 (nónghuì)
- 農月 / 农月
- 農村 / 农村 (nóngcūn)
- 農林 / 农林 (nónglín)
- 農桑 / 农桑 (nóngsāng)
- 農業 / 农业 (nóngyè)
- 農業化學 / 农业化学 (nóngyè huàxué)
- 農業區 / 农业区
- 農業國 / 农业国 (nóngyèguó)
- 農業推廣 / 农业推广
- 農業改革 / 农业改革
- 農業社會 / 农业社会
- 農業經營 / 农业经营
- 農機 / 农机 (nóngjī)
- 農歌 / 农歌
- 農民 / 农民 (nóngmín)
- 農民團體 / 农民团体
- 農民年金 / 农民年金
- 農民曆 / 农民历 (nóngmínlì)
- 農民節 / 农民节
- 農活 / 农活 (nónghuó)
- 農牧 / 农牧
- 農產 / 农产 (nóngchǎn)
- 農產加工 / 农产加工
- 農產品 / 农产品 (nóngchǎnpǐn)
- 農產物 / 农产物
- 農產運銷 / 农产运销
- 農田 / 农田 (nóngtián)
- 農田水利 / 农田水利
- 農神 / 农神 (nóngshén)
- 農科 / 农科 (Nóngkē)
- 農經 / 农经
- 農耕 / 农耕 (nónggēng)
- 農耕隊 / 农耕队
- 農舍 / 农舍 (nóngshè)
- 農莊 / 农庄 (nóngzhuāng)
- 農藝 / 农艺 (nóngyì)
- 農藥 / 农药 (nóngyào)
- 農諺 / 农谚 (nóngyàn)
- 農轉非 / 农转非
- 農運 / 农运 (nóngyùn)
- 農閒 / 农闲 (nóngxián)
- 農隙 / 农隙
- 近郊農業 / 近郊农业
- 酪農 / 酪农 (làonóng)
- 酪農業 / 酪农业
- 金農 / 金农
- 隸農 / 隶农
- 雇農 (gùnóng)
- 高農 / 高农
- 黃農 / 黄农
- 龔遂勸農 / 龚遂劝农
References
[edit]- “農”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]農
Readings
[edit]Etymology
[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 農 |
| のう Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 農 (nowng, “agriculture, farming”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Usage notes
[edit]For the farmer sense, the terms 農家 (nōka) or 農夫 (nōfu, “male farmer”) or 農婦 (nōfu, “female farmer”) may be used more often.
Derived terms
[edit]Derived terms
- 農園 (nōen): a plantation (emphasis on the growing of garden products)
- 農家 (nōka): a farmer; a farming family
- 農業 (nōgyō): farming (as an occupation)
- 農作 (nōsaku): farming (with an emphasis on the work itself)
- 農商 (nōshō): agriculture and commerce
- 農場 (nōjō): a farm (including the buildings)
- 農地 (nōchi): agricultural land, a farm (emphasis on the land)
- 農民 (nōmin): a peasant, an agrarian
References
[edit]- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Chinese 農 (MC nowng).
Historical readings
- Recorded as Middle Korean 노ᇰ (nwong) (Yale: nwong) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
- Recorded as Middle Korean 롱 (lwong) (Yale: lwong) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [no̞ŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [농]
Hanja
[edit]
- hanja form? of 농 (“agriculture”)
Compounds
[edit]Compounds
References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]農: Hán Nôm readings: nông, nong, nôn, núng
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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- zh:Catholicism
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