魏

魏 U+9B4F, 魏 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9B4F ← 魎 [U+9B4E] CJK Unified Ideographs 魐 → [U+9B50]

Translingual

Han character

魏 (Kangxi radical 194, 鬼+8, 18 strokes, cangjie input 竹女竹山戈 (HVHUI), four-corner 2641₃, composition ⿰委鬼)

Derived characters

• 𨇷, 巍, 蘶, 𡿁, 犩, 𦓌, 𧕞, 䭳

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1462, character 40
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 45872
• Dae Jaweon: page 1996, character 21
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4434, character 10
• Unihan data for U+9B4F

Chinese

trad.		魏
simp. #		魏
2nd round simp.		⿰委乚

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (鬼) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
謉	*tkuːlʔ, *krul
瑰	*kuːl, *ɡuːl
傀	*kuːl, *kʰuːlʔ
藱	*kuːl
魁	*kʰuːl
磈	*kʰuːlʔ, *qulʔ
塊	*kʰuːls, *kʰruːds
嵬	*ŋɡuːl, *ŋɡuːlʔ
隗	*ŋɡuːlʔ
槐	*ɡuːl, *ɡruːl
瘣	*ɡuːlʔ
廆	*ɡuːlʔ
溾	*ɡuːlʔ, *qruːl
螝	*ɡuːls, *krul
褢	*ɡruːl
騩	*krul, *kruls, *kul
愧	*kruls
媿	*kruls
聭	*kruls
餽	*ɡruls
鬼	*kulʔ
魏	*ŋɡuls
巍	*ŋul
犩	*ŋul, *ŋuls

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ŋɡuls) : phonetic 委 (OC *qrol, *qrolʔ) + phonetic 鬼 (OC *kulʔ).

Etymology

high

Schuessler (2007) minimally reconstructs OC pronunciation *ŋuih and includes 魏 (OC *ŋɡuls) as well as 巍 (OC *ŋui) in one set, which may be the vocalic variant of 危 (OC *ŋoi).

name of Zhou's vassal state

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): wèi (wei⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ngai⁶
• Gan (Wiktionary): ui⁵
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): ngui

  (Hailu, HRS): ngui^˖

  (Meixian, Guangdong): ngui⁴

• Eastern Min (BUC): ngôi
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gui⁵
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): gūi

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ghui⁷ / ngui⁷

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶ngue
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): uei⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wèi
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wèi
    • Wade–Giles: wei⁴
    • Yale: wèi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wey
    • Palladius: вэй (vɛj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /weɪ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ngai⁶
    • Yale: ngaih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ngai⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: ngei⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɐi̯²²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: ui⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ui¹¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngui
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngui
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngui⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋu̯i⁵⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngui^˖
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋui³³/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: ngui⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋuɪ⁵³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ngôi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋui²⁴²/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: gui⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kui²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gūi
    • Tâi-lô: guī
    • Phofsit Daibuun: gui
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ɡui²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡui⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡui²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ɡui³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡui³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ghui⁷ / ngui⁷
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: gūi / ngūi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɡui¹¹/, /ŋui¹¹/

Note: ngui7 - Chaoyang.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶ngue
    • MiniDict: ngue^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³ngue
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ŋue²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: uei⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /u̯e̞i̯⁴⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: ngjw+jH

Rime
Character	魏
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	微 (21)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	魚貴切
Baxter	ngjw+jH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋʉiH/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋʷɨiH/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋiuəiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋujH/
Li Rong	/ŋiuəiH/
Wang Li	/ŋĭwəiH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ŋwe̯iH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wèi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngai6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*N-qʰuj-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋɡuls/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	魏
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wèi
Middle Chinese	‹ ngjwɨjH ›
Old Chinese	/*N-qʰuj-s/
English	high
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	魏
Reading #	1/1
No.	4690
Phonetic component	鬼
Rime group	微
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	魏
Old Chinese	/*ŋɡuls/
Notes	說文段注巍省文

Definitions

魏

1. (obsolete) palace watchtower
2. (historical) (～國) State of Wei during the Warring States period
3. (historical) (～國) Cao Wei, one of the three major states in the Three Kingdoms period
4. (historical) (～朝) any of the dynasties of Northern Wei, Eastern Wei or Western Wei
5. a surname

   魏徵／魏征  ―  Wèi Zhēng  ―  Wei Zheng (Tang dynasty politician)

Synonyms

• 梁 (liáng)
• 梁國 (Liángguó)
• 魏國／魏国 (Wèiguó)

See also

Dynasties (朝代) in Chinese history
Name	Time period	Divisions
Xia 夏 (～朝, ～代)	2070 – 1600 BCE
Shang 商 (～朝, ～代) 殷 (～朝, ～代)	1600 – 1046 BCE
Zhou 周 (～朝, ～代)	1046 – 256 BCE	Western Zhou 西周
		Eastern Zhou 東周 / 东周	Spring and Autumn period 春秋
			Warring States period 戰國 / 战国
Qin 秦 (～朝, ～代)	221 – 206 BCE
Han 漢 / 汉 (～朝, ～代)	206 BCE – 220 C.E.	Western Han 西漢 / 西汉
		Xin 新 (～朝)
		Eastern Han 東漢 / 东汉
Three Kingdoms 三國 / 三国	220 – 280 C.E.	Wei 魏
		Shu Han 蜀漢 / 蜀汉
		Wu 吳 / 吴
Jin 晉 / 晋 (～朝, ～代)	265 – 420 C.E.	Western Jin 西晉 / 西晋
		Eastern Jin 東晉 / 东晋
Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝	420 – 589 C.E.	Northern dynasties 北朝	Northern Wei 北魏
			Western Wei 西魏
			Eastern Wei 東魏 / 东魏
			Northern Zhou 北周
			Northern Qi 北齊 / 北齐
		Southern dynasties 南朝	Liu Song 劉宋 / 刘宋
			Southern Qi 南齊 / 南齐
			Liang 梁 (～朝, ～代)
			Chen 陳 / 陈 (～朝, ～代)
Sui 隋 (～朝, ～代)	581 – 618 C.E.
Tang 唐 (～朝, ～代)	618 – 907 C.E.
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 五代十國 / 五代十国	907 – 960 C.E.
Liao 遼 / 辽 (～朝, ～代)	907 – 1125 C.E.
Song 宋 (～朝, ～代)	960 – 1279 C.E.	Northern Song 北宋
		Southern Song 南宋
Western Xia 西夏	1038 – 1227 C.E.
Jin 金 (～朝, ～代)	1115 – 1234 C.E.
Western Liao 西遼 / 西辽	1124 – 1218 C.E.
Yuan 元 (～朝, ～代)	1271 – 1368 C.E.
Ming 明 (～朝, ～代)	1368 – 1644 C.E.
Qing 清 (～朝, ～代)	1636 – 1912 C.E.

Compounds

• 不知有漢，何論魏晉 / 不知有汉，何论魏晋 (bùzhī yǒu Hàn, hé lùn Wèi Jìn)
• 丙魏
• 冉魏 (Rǎnwèi)
• 北魏 (Běiwèi)
• 圍魏救趙 / 围魏救赵 (wéiwèijiùzhào)
• 姚黃魏紫 / 姚黄魏紫 (Yáohuáng Wèizǐ)
• 後魏 / 后魏
• 心在魏闕 / 心在魏阙
• 心存魏闕 / 心存魏阙
• 心瞻魏闕 / 心瞻魏阙
• 心馳魏闕 / 心驰魏阙
• 曹魏 (Cáo Wèi)
• 東魏 / 东魏 (Dōngwèi)
• 漢魏風骨 / 汉魏风骨
• 熟魏生張 / 熟魏生张
• 生張熟魏 / 生张熟魏
• 西魏 (Xīwèi)
• 阿魏
• 阿魏化痞膏 (āwèi huàpǐ gāo)
• 魏大 (Wèidà)
• 魏孝文帝
• 魏恩海姆 (Wèi'ēnhǎimǔ)
• 魏文侯
• 魏文帝
• 魏晉 / 魏晋 (Wèi-Jìn)
• 魏晉南北朝 / 魏晋南北朝 (Wèi-Jìn Nán-Běi Cháo)
• 魏晉風度 / 魏晋风度 (wèijìnfēngdù)
• 魏書 / 魏书
• 魏李 (Wèilǐ)
• 魏河 (Wèihé)
• 魏然
• 魏瑪共和國 / 魏玛共和国 (Wèimǎ Gònghéguó)
• 魏碑 (wèibēi)
• 魏紫姚黃 / 魏紫姚黄
• 魏蜀吳 / 魏蜀吴 (Wèi-Shǔ-Wú)
• 魏道武帝
• 魏闕 / 魏阙
• 魏顆結草 / 魏颗结草

 

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): wéi, wēi (wei², wei¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˊ, ㄨㄟ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ngai⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wéi
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wéi
    • Wade–Giles: wei²
    • Yale: wéi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wei
    • Palladius: вэй (vɛj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /weɪ̯³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wēi
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄟ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wei
    • Wade–Giles: wei¹
    • Yale: wēi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: uei
    • Palladius: вэй (vɛj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /weɪ̯⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ngai⁴
    • Yale: ngàih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ngai⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ngei⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɐi̯²¹/

---

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*N-qʰuj/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	魏
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wéi
Middle Chinese	‹ ngjwɨj ›
Old Chinese	/*N-qʰuj/
English	high, majestic
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Definitions

魏

1. ^† standing alone
2. Alternative form of 巍 (wéi, “towering”)

Japanese

Kanji

魏

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. high
2. large

Readings

• Go-on: げ (ge)^{←げ (ge, historical)←ぐゑ (gwe, ancient)}
• Kan-on: ぎ (gi)^{←ぎ (gi, historical)←ぐゐ (gwi, ancient)}
• On: がい (gai)^{←ぐわい (gwai, historical)}
• Kun: たかい (takai, 魏い)
• Nanori: たかし (takashi)

Compounds

Compounds

• 阿魏(あぎ) (agi)
• 魏魏(ぎぎ) (gigi)
• 魏晋南北朝(ぎしんなんぼくちょう) (gishinnanbokuchō)
• 西魏(せいぎ) (Seigi)
• 曹魏(そうぎ) (Sōgi)
• 東魏(とうぎ) (Tōgi)
• 北魏(ほくぎ) (Hokugi)

Proper noun

魏(ぎ) • (Gi) 

1. Wei kingdom in China

Korean

Hanja

魏 • (wi) (hangeul 위, revised wi, McCune–Reischauer wi, Yale wi)

1. hanja form^? of 위 (“Wei kingdom in China”)

Compounds

Compounds

• 북위 (北魏, bugwi)
• 서위 (西魏, seowi)
• 동위 (東魏, dong'wi)
• 아위 (阿魏, awi)
• 조위 (曹魏, jowi)

Usage notes

• May also be romanized as Wie when used as surname.

Vietnamese

Han character

魏: Hán Việt readings: nguy, ngụy/nguỵ

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

• 北魏 (Bắc Ngụy/Bắc Nguỵ)

 

References

• Nom Foundation