astoņi
Latvian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From a previous undeclinable *aštuo- (changed by analogy with septiņi, deviņi), from Proto-Baltic *aśtṓ, from Proto-Indo-European *oḱtṓw (“eight”), apparently from *h₂eḱ- (“sharp, pointed, angular”) (compare ass (“sharp”)): this number was associated with the stretched fingers of both hands (without the thumb), i.e., 8 tips, points. There is some evidence that the original meaning of this word was 4 rather than 8, i.e., 4 stretched fingers of one hand (without the thumb). Cognates include Lithuanian aštuonì, Old Prussian asmus (“eighth”), Old Church Slavonic осмь (osmĭ), Russian во́семь (vósemʹ), Belarusian во́сем (vósjem), Ukrainian ві́сім (vísim), Bulgarian о́съм (ósǎm), Czech osm, Polish ośm, Gothic 𐌰𐌷𐍄𐌰𐌿 (ahtau), Old High German ahto, German acht, English eight, Proto-Scythian *aštā́, Sanskrit अष्ट (aṣṭá), Ancient Greek ὀκτώ (oktṓ), Latin octo.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]< 7 | 8 | 9 > |
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Cardinal : astoņi Ordinal : astotais Multiplier : astoņreiz Nominal : astoņnieks Fractional : astotdaļa | ||
Latvian Wikipedia article on 8 (skaitlis) |
Numeral
[edit]astoņi
- eight (the cipher, the cardinal number eight)
- skaitīt līdz astoņi ― to count to eight
- četri un četri ir astoņi ― four plus four is eight
- uzrakstīt uz tāfeles astoņi ― to write an eight on the blackboard
- pie pieciem pielikt astoņus ― to add eight to four
- eight (an amount equal to eight)
- astoņi cilvēki ― eight people
- sastapties pēc astoņiem gadiem ― to meet (someone) after eight years
- samaksāt astoņus latus ― to pay eight lats
- astoņus gadus veca meitene ― an eight-year-old girl
- eight o'clock (a moment in time; eight hours after midnight, or after noon)
- pulkstenis ir astoņi ― it is eight o'clock
- celties astoņos no rīta ― to get up at eight o'clock in the morning
- izrāde sākas astoņos vakarā ― the show begins at eight o'clock in the evening
- bibliotēka bija atvērta līdz astoņiem vakarā ― the library was open until eight o'clock in the evening
Declension
[edit]masculine (vīriešu dzimte) | feminine (sieviešu dzimte) | |
---|---|---|
nominative (nominatīvs) | astoņi | astoņas |
genitive (ģenitīvs) | astoņu | astoņu |
dative (datīvs) | astoņiem | astoņām |
accusative (akuzatīvs) | astoņus | astoņas |
instrumental (instrumentālis) | astoņiem | astoņām |
locative (lokatīvs) | astoņos | astoņās |
vocative (vokatīvs) | — | — |
Coordinate terms
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “astoņi”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
- Latvian etymologies from LEV
- Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic
- Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latvian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latvian words with broken intonation
- Latvian terms with audio pronunciation
- Latvian lemmas
- Latvian numerals
- Latvian terms with usage examples
- Latvian cardinal numbers
- lv:Eight