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hem

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Appendix:Variations of "hem"

English

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Etymology 1

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A sound uttered in imitation of clearing the throat (onomatopoeia)

Pronunciation

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Interjection

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hem

  1. Used to fill in the gap of a pause with a vocalized sound.

Noun

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hem (plural hems)

  1. An utterance or sound of the voice like "hem", often indicative of hesitation or doubt, sometimes used to call attention.
    • January 8, 1712', John Dryden, The Spectator No. 269
      his morning hems

Verb

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hem (third-person singular simple present hems, present participle hemming, simple past and past participle hemmed)

  1. To make the sound expressed by the word hem; to hesitate in speaking.
    • 1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “Much Adoe about Nothing”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i]:
      Hem, and stroke thy beard.
    • 1847 December, Ellis Bell [pseudonym; Emily Brontë], chapter II, in Wuthering Heights: […], volume I, London: Thomas Cautley Newby, […], →OCLC:
      “Sit down,” said the young man, gruffly. “He’ll be in soon.”
      I obeyed; and hemmed, and called the villain Juno, who deigned, at this second interview, to move the extreme tip of her tail, in token of owning my acquaintance.
Derived terms
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Translations
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See also

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Etymology 2

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From Middle English hem, hemm, in turn from Old English hem, of West Germanic origin, from Proto-West Germanic *hammjan. Related to Middle High German hemmen (“to hem in”), Old Norse hemja (“to hem in, restrain”); outside of Germanic, to Armenian քամել (kʻamel, “to press, wring”), Russian ком (kom, “lump”).

The verb is from Middle English hemmen, from Old English hemman, from Proto-Germanic *hamjaną, or alternatively derived from the noun.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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A stitched hem
Drawing of a sheet metal hem

hem (plural hems)

  2. (sewing) The border of an article of clothing doubled back and stitched together to finish the edge and prevent it from fraying.
  3. A rim or margin of something.
  4. In sheet metal design, a rim or edge folded back on itself to create a smooth edge and to increase strength or rigidity.
Derived terms
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Translations
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border of an article of clothing doubled back and stitched together

Verb

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hem (third-person singular simple present hems, present participle hemming, simple past and past participle hemmed)

  2. (sewing, intransitive) To make a hem.
  3. (transitive) To put hem on an article of clothing, to edge or put a border on something.
  4. (transitive) To shut in, enclose, confine; to surround something or someone in a confining way.
    A small yard hemmed about by a tall hedge.
    • 1862, John Williamson Palmer, Stonewall Jackson's Way :
      He’s in the saddle now. Fall in! Steady, the whole brigade! Hill’s at the ford, cut off — we’ll win his way out, ball and blade! What matter if our shoes are worn? What matter if our feet are torn? “Quick step! We’re with him before the morn!” That’s “Stonewall Jackson’s Way.”
      The sun’s bright lances rout the mists of morning, and by George! Here’s Longstreet struggling in the lists, hemmed in an ugly gorge. Pope and his Yankees, whipped before, “Bay’nets and grape!” hear Stonewall roar; “Charge, Stuart! Pay off Ashby’s score!” in “Stonewall Jackson’s Way.
Derived terms
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Translations
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to put hem on an article of clothing

Etymology 3

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From Middle English hem, from Old English heom (“them”, dative), originally a dative plural form but in Middle English coming to serve as an accusative plural as well. More at 'em.

Pronoun

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hem

  1. Obsolete form of 'em.
    • 1481, William Caxton, The Historie of Reynart the Foxe:
      And wente to the kinge and to the queene, and said to hem with a glad cheer.
    • 1485, William Caxton, Paris and Vienne:
      For eyther of hem mayntened.
    • 1591, John Florio, Second Frutes to be gathered of twelve trees, of diverse but delightful tastes to the tongues of Italian and English:
      ‘What thinke you of this English, tel me I pray you.’ ‘It is a language that wyl do you good in England but passe Dover, it is woorth nothing.’ ‘Is it not used then in other countreyes?’ ‘No sir, with whom wyl you that they speake?’ ‘With English marchants.’ ‘English marchantes, when they are out of England, it liketh hem not, and they doo not speake it.
    • 1579, Immeritô [pseudonym; Edmund Spenser], “May. Ægloga Quinta.”, in The Shepheardes Calender: […], London: […] Iohn Wolfe for Iohn Harrison the yonger, […], →OCLC:
      Tho to the greene wood they speeden hem all.
    • 1598, Beniamin Ionson [i.e., Ben Jonson], “Euery Man in His Humour. A Comœdie. […]”, in The Workes of Beniamin Ionson (First Folio), London: […] Will[iam] Stansby, published 1616, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):
      Except we make hem such.
    • 1605 August (first performance), Geo[rge] Chapman, Ben Ionson, Ioh[n] Marston, Eastward Hoe. […], London: […] [George Eld] for William Aspley, published September 1605, →OCLC, (please specify the page):
      They go forth on Holydays and gather hem by the seashore.

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Bislama

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From English him. Cognate with Tok Pisin em.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈhem/
  • Hyphenation: hem

Pronoun

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hem

  1. he, she, it; him, her

See also

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Bislama personal pronouns
singular dual trial plural
1st person exclusive mi mitufala mitrifala mifala
inclusive — yumitu, yumitufala yumitrifala yumi
2nd person yu yutufala yutrifala yufala
3rd person neutral hem, em tufala trifala ol1), olgeta
collective — tugeta trigeta —
1) Used only as an object of a preposition or a verb.
*) Some speakers may not distinguish various plurality categories, using only one or two plural pronouns.
**) The collective pronouns specify that the action is performed by all subjects together, rather than on their own.

References

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  • Terry Crowley (2004) Bislama Reference Grammar, Honolulu: University of Hawaiʻi press, →ISBN, page 46

Catalan

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Verb

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hem

  1. first-person plural present indicative of haver

Dutch

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Etymology

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From Middle Dutch hem, from Old Dutch himo, from Proto-Germanic *himmai.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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hem

  1. (personal) Third-person singular, masculine, objective: him
    Stuur dat maar naar hem. ― Send that to him.
  2. (personal) The tagger in a game of tag: it

Declension

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Dutch personal pronouns
subject object possessive reflexive genitive5
singular full unstr. full unstr. full unstr. pred.
1st person ik 'k1 mij me mijn m'n1 mijne me mijner, mijns
2nd person jij je jou je jouw je jouwe je jouwer, jouws
2nd person archaic or regiolectal gij ge u – uw – uwe u uwer, uws
2nd person formal u – u – uw – uwe u, zich7 uwer, uws
3rd person masculine hij ie1 hem 'm1 zijn z'n1 zijne zich zijner, zijns
3rd person feminine zij ze haar h'r1, 'r1, d'r1 haar h'r1, 'r1, d'r1 hare zich harer, haars
3rd person neuter het 't1 het 't1 zijn z'n1 zijne zich zijner, zijns
plural
1st person wij we ons – ons, onze2 – onze ons onzer, onzes
2nd person jullie je jullie je jullie je – je –
2nd person archaic or regiolectal6 gij ge u – uw – uwe u uwer, uws
2nd person formal u – u – uw – uwe u, zich7 uwer, uws
3rd person zij ze hen3, hun4 ze hun – hunne zich hunner, huns
1) Not as common in written language.
2) Inflected as an adjective.
3) In prescriptivist use, used only as direct object (accusative).
4) In prescriptivist use, used only as indirect object (dative).
5) Archaic. Nowadays used for formal, literary or poetic purposes, and in fixed expressions.
6) To differentiate from the singular gij, gelle (object form elle) and variants are commonly used colloquially in Belgium. Archaic forms are gijlieden and gijlui ("you people"). 		7) Zich is preferred if the reflexive pronoun immediately follows the subject pronoun u, e.g. Meldt u zich aan! 'Log in!', and if the subject pronoun u is used with a verb form that is identical with the third person singular but different from the informal second person singular, e.g. U heeft zich aangemeld. 'You have logged in.' Only u can be used in an imperative if the subject pronoun is not overt, e.g. Meld u aan! 'Log in!', where u is the reflexive pronoun. Otherwise, both u and zich are equally possible, e.g. U meldt u/zich aan. 'You log in.'


Descendants

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  • Javindo: gem
  • Jersey Dutch: häm
  • Negerhollands: em, am, an, ham, him, hem
    • → Virgin Islands Creole: ahm, am

French

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Pronunciation

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Interjection

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hem

  1. interjection expressing doubt and/or hesitation

Further reading

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Gagauz

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Etymology

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Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish هم, from Persian هم

Pronunciation

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Conjunction

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hem

  1. and
  2. (as hem... hem...) both... and...
    hem o hem bän
    both him and I

Hungarian

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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hem (plural hemek)

  1. (biochemistry) heme (component of hemoglobin)

Declension

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Inflection (stem in -e-, front unrounded harmony)
singular plural
nominative hem hemek
accusative hemet hemeket
dative hemnek hemeknek
instrumental hemmel hemekkel
causal-final hemért hemekért
translative hemmé hemekké
terminative hemig hemekig
essive-formal hemként hemekként
essive-modal — —
inessive hemben hemekben
superessive hemen hemeken
adessive hemnél hemeknél
illative hembe hemekbe
sublative hemre hemekre
allative hemhez hemekhez
elative hemből hemekből
delative hemről hemekről
ablative hemtől hemektől
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		hemé hemeké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		heméi hemekéi
Possessive forms of hem
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. hemem hemjeim
2nd person sing. hemed hemjeid
3rd person sing. hemje hemjei
1st person plural hemünk hemjeink
2nd person plural hemetek hemjeitek
3rd person plural hemjük hemjeik

Derived terms

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Icelandic

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Old Norse hem, related to eimr (“vapor”).[1]

Noun

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hem n (genitive singular hems, nominative plural hem)

  1. thin layer of ice
    Synonym: skæni
Declension
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Declension of hem (neuter)
singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative hem hemið hem hemin
accusative hem hemið hem hemin
dative hemi heminu hemum hemunum
genitive hems hemsins hema hemanna

Etymology 2

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Verb

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hem (weak)

  1. first-person singular present indicative of hemja
  2. second-person singular imperative of hemja

References

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  1. ^ Ferguson, R. (1873). The Dialect of Cumberland. United Kingdom: Williams and Norgate, p. 69

Indonesian

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Etymology 1

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From Dutch hemd, from Middle Dutch hemde, hemede, from Old Dutch *hemithi, from Proto-Germanic *hamiþiją.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈhɛm]
  • Hyphenation: hèm

Noun

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hèm (plural hem-hem)

  1. shirt, an article of clothing that is worn on the upper part of the body, and often has sleeves, either long or short, that cover the arms.
    Synonym: kemeja

Etymology 2

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From English heme.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈhɛm]
  • Hyphenation: hèm

Noun

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hèm (plural hem-hem)

  1. (biochemistry) heme: the component of hemoglobin (and other hemoproteins) responsible for binding oxygen.

Etymology 3

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A sound uttered in imitation of clearing the throat (onomatopoeia).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈhəm]
  • Hyphenation: hêm

Interjection

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hêm

  1. Used to express furious, etc.

Further reading

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Latin

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Etymology

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This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Almost certainly an ad-hoc natural exclamation (do any sources explicitly label it as such in terms of etymological studies?)”

Pronunciation

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Interjection

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hem

  1. eh?, well well! (expressing surprise)
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References

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  • “hem”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “hem”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers

Middle Dutch

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Etymology 1

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From Old Dutch himo, from Proto-Germanic *himmai.

Pronoun

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hem

  1. accusative/dative of hi
  2. dative of het

Etymology 2

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From Old Dutch hin, from Proto-Germanic *himaz.

Pronoun

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hem

  1. accusative/dative of si (“they”)

Middle English

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Etymology 1

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From Old English heom, from Proto-Germanic *himaz, masculine and neuter dative plural of *hiz. Compare þem.

Pronoun

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hem (nominative he)

  2. Third-person plural accusative pronoun: them
    • 14th c. Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales. General Prologue: 9–11.
      And smale foweles maken melodye, / That slepen al the nyght with open eye- / (So priketh hem Nature in hir corages);
      And many little birds make melody / That sleep through all the night with open eye / (So Nature pricks them on to ramp and rage)
    • 1407, The Testimony of William Thorpe, pages 40–41:
      And with alle these men I was ofte homli and I comownede with hem long tyme and fele, and so bifore alle othir men I chees wilfulli to be enformed bi hem and of hem, and speciali of Wiclef himsilf, as of the moost vertuous and goodlich wise man that I herde of owhere either knew.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • c. 1539, Murdoch Nisbet, The New Testament:
      He prayis hem to lyue releg[ious] lyff[is] and to luk waraly for the cummyng of the lord.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  3. (reflexive) themselves
Alternative forms
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Descendants
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See also
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Middle English personal pronouns
nominative accusative dative genitive possessive
singular 1st-person I, ich, ik me min
mi1		 min
2nd-person þou þe þin
þi1		 þin
3rd-person m he him
hine2		 him his his
hisen
f sche, heo hire
heo 		hire hire
hires, hiren
n hit hit
him2		 his, hit —
dual3 1st-person wit unk unker
2nd-person ȝit inc inker
plural 1st-person we us, ous oure oure
oures, ouren
2nd-person4 ye yow your your
youres, youren
3rd-person inh. he hem
he2		 hem here here
heres, heren
bor. þei þem, þeim þeir þeir
þeires, þeiren

1Used preconsonantally or before h.
2Early or dialectal.
3Dual pronouns are only sporadically found in Early Middle English; after that, they are replaced by plural forms. There are no third-person dual forms in Middle English.
4Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

References
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Etymology 2

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From Old English hem. See English hem for more.

Noun

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hem

  1. hem (edge of cloth or garment)
  2. edge, boundary
Alternative forms
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Descendants
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References

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Etymology 3

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Pronoun

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hem

  1. Alternative form of him (“him”)

Northern Kurdish

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Conjunction

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hem

  1. and

See also

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Norwegian Bokmål

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Verb

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hem

  1. imperative of hemme

Old Dutch

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Etymology

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From Proto-West Germanic *haim, from Proto-Germanic *haimaz.

Noun

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hēm ?

  1. home, house
  2. hamlet

Inflection

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This noun needs an inflection-table template.

Descendants

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Further reading

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  • “hēm”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Old English

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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hem m

  1. hem, border

References

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Old Frisian

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈheːm/, [ˈhɛːm]

Noun

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hēm m

  1. Alternative form of hām

References

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  • Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN, page 28

Pijin

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From English him.

Pronoun

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hem

  1. he/she/it (third-person singular pronoun)
    • 1988, Geoffrey Miles White, Bikfala faet: olketa Solomon Aelanda rimembarem Wol Wo Tu‎[2], page 75:
      Bihaen hemi finisim skul blong hem, hemi go minista long sios long ples blong hem long 'Areo.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

See also

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Pijin personal pronouns
singular dual trial plural
1st person mi mitufala (exclusive)
iumitufala (inclusive) 		mitrifala (exclusive)
iumitrifala (inclusive) 		mifala (exclusive)
iumifala, iumi (inclusive)
2nd person iu iutufala iutrifala iufala
3rd person hem tufala trifala ol/olketa

Portuguese

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Pronunciation

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Interjection

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hem

  1. Alternative form of hein

Romanian

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Etymology

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Borrowed from French hème.

Noun

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hem n (plural hemuri)

  1. heme

Declension

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singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative-accusative hem hemul hemuri hemurile
genitive-dative hem hemului hemuri hemurilor
vocative hemule hemurilor

Swedish

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Etymology

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From Old Norse heim < heimr, from Proto-Germanic *haimaz.

Pronunciation

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Adverb

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hem (not comparable)

  1. home; to one's home
    Det är dags att gå hem. ― It is time to go home.
    Jag vill hem! ― I want to go home!

Noun

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hem n

  1. a home; one's dwelling place, as in a house or a more general geographical place; the abiding place of the affections.
    Farmor har städat hemmet.
    Grandma has been cleaning her home.
  2. a home; an institution
    Farmor har hamnat på hemmet.
    Grandma has ended up at the care home.

Usage notes

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The different senses are commonly distinguished by the use of i or på, like in the given usage examples.

Declension

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Declension of hem
nominative genitive
singular indefinite hem hems
definite hemmet hemmets
plural indefinite hem hems
definite hemmen hemmens

Derived terms

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References

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Turkish

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Persian هم (ham). Doublet of homo-.

Pronunciation

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Adverb

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hem

  1. and also

Conjunction

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hem … hem …

  1. both … and
    Synonym: hem … hem de …
    Hem bu hem şu. ― Both this one and that one.
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