chore: Move to fast-float2

[ritchie46]

Also updated other packages.

closes #19541
closes #13035

[ptiza]

fyi, from_le_bytes() and from_be_bytes() for f64 and f32 will be stabilized with Rust 1.83: rust-lang/rust#130075

So we should be able to get rid of this dependency soon.

Edit: Actually, polars uses nightly, so we can already use this instead...

[ptiza]

Sorry, I misunderstood the PR. We're actually trying to parse string bytes here, so from_le_bytes() does not help.

We would have to use something like

unsafe { String::from_utf8_unchecked(val.into()) }
    .parse()
    .ok()

which @orlp already mentioned in #13035