Zheng He
 Zheng He | |
|---|---|
.jpg) | |
| Rayuwa | |
| Cikakken suna | 鄭和 |
| Haihuwa |
Kunming (en)  , 1371 |
| ƙasa |
Ming dynasty (en) |
| Ƙabila | Mutanen Hui |
| Mutuwa |
Nanjing (en) , 1433 |
| Makwanci |
Tomb of Zheng Da Chia (en) |
| Ƴan uwa | |
| Mahaifi | Hajji Ma |
| Ƴan uwa |
view
|
| Karatu | |
| Harsuna | Sinanci |
| Sana'a | |
| Sana'a |
mabudi, Mai wanzar da zaman lafiya, navigator (en) , eunuch (en) da traveler (en) |
| Wurin aiki |
Ming dynasty (en) , Southeast Asia (en) , Indian subcontinent (en) , Gabas ta tsakiya, Gabashin Afirka da Tekun Indiya |
| Employers |
Yongle Emperor (en) Hongxi Emperor Xuande Emperor (en) |
| Muhimman ayyuka |
Treasure voyages (en) |
| Digiri |
admiral of the fleet (en) |
| Imani | |
| Addini | Musulunci |
Zheng He ( simplified Chinese; 1371-1433 ko 1435) ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa ne na kasar Sin, mai bincike, jami'in diflomasiyya, babban jami'in sojan ruwa, da eunuch na kotu a zamanin daular Ming ta farko ta kasar Sin. An haife shi a matsayin Ma He a cikin dangin musulmi kuma daga baya ya karɓi sunan Zheng da Sarkin Yongle ya ba shi. [1] Sarkin Yongle kuma daga baya Sarkin Xuande ya ba da umarni, Zheng ya ba da umarnin balaguron balaguron balaguro guda bakwai zuwa kudu maso gabashin Asiya, Kudancin Asiya, Yammacin Asiya, da Gabashin Afirka daga 1405 zuwa 1433. A cewar almara, manyan jiragen ruwansa sun ɗauki ɗaruruwan ma’aikatan jirgin ruwa a kan benaye huɗu kuma sun kusan ninki biyu idan aka taɓa yin rikodin kowane jirgin katako.
A matsayinsa na wanda sarki Yongle ya fi so, wanda Zheng ya taimaka wajen hambarar da Sarkin Jianwen, ya hau sarauta kuma ya zama kwamandan babban birnin Nanjing na kudancin kasar.
A shekara ta 2005, kasar Sin ta yi bikin cika shekaru 600 na babbar balaguron teku na farko, ta hanyar baje kolin kayayyakin tarihi da kuma ba da tambari a wannan lokaci, inda ta dauke shi a matsayin "manzon diflomasiyya" da kuma "zaman lafiya” wanda ya rika yawo cikin teku ba tare da yaki ko kashe kowa ba.[2] daga cikin manyan maganganunsa akwai:
Domin kulla dangantakar abokantaka tsakanin Sin da wadannan kasashe, ba ma damu da mutuwa ba
Rayuwar farko da iyali
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Zheng He Ma He (馬和) ga dangin musulmi na Kunyang, Kunming, Yunnan, a lokacin daular Ming ta kasar Sin.[3] Yana da babban yaya da kanne mata hudu. [4]
Zheng He akidar addini ta yi tasiri sosai a lokacin da yake balaga.[5] Rubutun Liujiagang da Changle sun nuna cewa sadaukar da kai ga Tianfei, allahn majiɓinci na matuƙan ruwa da na teku, shi ne babban bangaskiyar da ya yi riko da shi, yana nuna babban matsayin allahntaka ga rundunar jiragen ruwa. John Guy ya ambaci cewa, “Lokacin da Zheng He, shugaban musulmin eunuch na manyan balaguro zuwa ‘Tekun Yamma’ (Tekun Indiya) a farkon karni na goma sha biyar, ya fara tafiye-tafiyensa, daga wajen macen Allah ne ya nemi kariya, kamar yadda haka kuma a kaburburan waliyyai musulmi da ke kan tsaunin Lingshan, sama da birnin Quanzhou."
Zheng He ya kasance babban jikan Sayyid Ajjal Shams al-Din Omar, wanda ya yi mulki a daular Mongol kuma shi ne gwamnan Yunnan a lokacin daular Yuan ta farko . Watakila kakansa Bayan yana zaune ne a sansanin Mongol a Yunnan. [3] Kakan Zheng He ya ɗauki laƙabin hajji, [11] kuma mahaifinsa yana da laƙabi da sunan hajji, wanda ke nuna cewa sun yi aikin hajji . [12]
A cikin kaka na shekara ta 1381, sojojin Ming sun mamaye Yunnan tare da mamaye yankin, wanda a lokacin yarima Basalawarmi na Mongol ne yariman Liang ya mulki. [1]A shekara ta 1381, Ma Hajji, mahaifin Zheng He, ya mutu a yaƙi tsakanin sojojin Ming da sojojin Mongol. [4] Dreyer ya bayyana cewa mahaifin Zheng He ya mutu yana da shekaru 39 a lokacin da ya ki amincewa da mamayar Ming, yayin da Levathes ya ce mahaifin Zheng He ya mutu yana da shekaru 37, amma ba a sani ba ko yana taimakon sojojin Mongol ne ko kuma an kama shi a harin yaki. . [1] [4] Wenming, ɗan fari, ya binne mahaifinsu a wajen Kunming. [4] A matsayinsa na Admiral, Zheng He yana da wani almara da aka zana don girmama mahaifinsa, wanda Ministan Rites Li Zhigang ya tsara a bikin Duanwu na shekara ta uku a zamanin Yongle (1 Yuni 1405). [4]
Ɗauka, simintin gyare-gyare da sabis
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Sojojin Ming sun kama Zheng He a Yunnan a shekara ta 1381. [4] Janar Fu Youde ya ga Ma He a kan hanya, ya tunkare shi don neman wurin da dan Mongol din yake. Ma Ya mayar da martani da kakkausar murya da cewa, dan Mongol din ya yi tsalle ya shiga tafki. Daga nan sai Janar din ya kai shi fursuna. [4] An jefa shi a wani lokaci tsakanin shekaru 10 zuwa 14, [4] [1] kuma an sanya shi cikin hidimar Yariman Yan. [1]
Ma An aika shi aiki a gidan Zhu Di, Yariman Yan, wanda daga baya ya zama Sarkin Yongle . [18] Zhu Di ya girmi Ma shekaru goma sha ɗaya. [1] An bautar da shi a matsayin bawan eunuch, Ma He ya sami amincewar Zhu Di, wanda a matsayinsa na mai taimakonsa, zai sami amincewa da amincin saurayin bābā. Tun daga 1380, yariman ya kasance yana mulkin Beiping (daga baya Beijing ), [1] wanda ke kusa da iyakar arewa, tare da kabilun Mongol masu adawa. [21] Ma zai yi rayuwarsa ta farko a matsayin soja a kan iyakar arewa.[22] Ya sha shiga yakin soja na Zhu Di a kan Mongols. [23] A ranar 2 ga Maris 1390, Ma ya raka Yarima a lokacin da ya ba da umarnin tafiyarsa ta farko, wadda babbar nasara ce, yayin da kwamandan Mongol Naghachu ya mika wuya da zarar ya gane cewa ya fadi don yaudara. [4]
Daga karshe dai ya samu kwarin gwiwa da amincewar yarima. [1] An kuma san Ma da "Sanbao" a lokacin hidimarsa a gidan Yariman Yan. [4] Wannan sunan yana nuni ne ga Buddhist Jewels Uku (三寶; , kuma aka sani da triratna ). [1] Hakanan ana iya rubuta wannan suna三保; , a zahiri "Kariya Uku." [note 1] Ma ya sami ingantaccen ilimi a Beiping, wanda da ba zai samu ba idan an sanya shi a babban birnin daular, Nanjing, saboda Sarkin Hongwu bai amince da eunuchs ba kuma ya yi imanin cewa zai fi kyau a sa su jahilai.[4] Sarkin Hongwu ya wanke tare da kawar da yawancin shugabannin Ming na asali kuma ya ba ' ya'yansa maza da suka yi wa kisan gilla ikon soja, musamman na arewa, kamar Yariman Yan.[1]
Tunawa da juna
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
A jamhuriyar jama'ar kasar Sin, ranar 11 ga watan Yuli ita ce ranar Maritime () , Zhōngguó Hánghǎi Rì) kuma yana mai da hankali ga tunawa da balaguron farko na Zheng He. Da farko an sanya wa filin jirgin sama na Kunming Changshui suna Zheng He International Airport.
A cikin 2015, Kamfanin Watsa Labarai na Emotion ya sadaukar da wasan kwaikwayo na musamman na multimedia "Zheng He is coming" don shakatawa na Romon U-Park (Ningbo, China). Nunin ya zama ɗan wasan ƙarshe na masana'antar nishaɗi mai daraja Brass Rings Awards ta IAAPA.
Zheng He shi ne magajin jirgin ruwan ROCS na <i id="mwA4A">Cheng Ho</i> a Taiwan.
Jirgin ruwan sojojin ruwan 'yantar da jama'ar kasar Sin Zheng He (AX-81) wani jirgin ruwan horar da Sinawa ne da aka sanya masa suna. Kamar mai sunanta, ta kasance jakadiyar fatan alheri ga kasar Sin, inda ta zama jirgin ruwan sojan ruwan kasar Sin na farko da ya ziyarci Amurka a shekarar 1989, kuma ta kammala zagayen duniya a shekarar 2012.
Jirgin samfurin Tianwen-2 da aka yi niyyar dawo da shi an fara sa masa suna ZhengHe. Manufarta ta gano asteroid asteroid 2016 HO3 an shirya ƙaddamar da shi a cikin 2024.
Gallery
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]-
Kabarin Zheng He a Nanjing -
Gidan kayan tarihi don girmama Zheng He, Nanjing -
Gallery na Admiral Cheng Ho a Malacca -
Mutum- mutumi na Zheng He a cikin gidan kayan tarihi na Maritime na Quanzhou
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 Dreyer 2007.
- ↑ Ali bin Ghanem Al-Hajri (2021) Zheng He, Sarkin Tekun Sin. Hamad bin Khalifa University Press, Qatar.
- ↑ Mills 1970.
- ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 Levathes 1996.
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