Forma administrationis
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Forma administrationis est terminus qui spectat ad institutiones civiles a quibus administratio cuiusvis civitatis ordinatur ut suas potentates super communitatem civilem contendat.[1] Vocabula idem significantia comprehendunt typus regiminis et formula gubernationis. Haec definitio est vera etsi administratio non potest suam potestatem contendere, quia administratio defecta iam est genus administrationis. Ecclesiae, societates, sodalitates, et aliae res non civiles habent formas administrationis, sed hic commentarius solum formam civitatum disserit.
Undeviginti mundi civitates in suis nominibus publicis non plane eorum administrationis formas nominant (publicum Iamaicae nomen, exempli gratia, est simpliciter Jamaica), sed plurimae habent nomen publicum quod suam administrationis formam denotat, vel saltem administrationis formam ad quem enituntur:
- Australia, Insulae Bahamenses, et Dominica sunt unaquisque res publica.
- Luxemburgum est ducatus magnus.
- Emiratus Arabici Coniuncti sunt congeries civitatum Musulmanarum, unaquisque emiratus sui iuris.
- Russia, Helvetia, et Saint Kitts et Nevis sunt unaquisque foederatio.
- Libya est jamahiriya, respublica vulgi.
- Sunt triginta tres regna in mundo, sed solum duodeviginti Anglice kingdoms nominata. Alia quindecim sunt regna quoque, sed Anglice realms nominata. Iordania est diserte nominata "Hashemitum Iordaniae Regnum," et Britannia rite est Britanniarum Regnum.
- Andorra, Lichtenstenum, et Monoecus unusquisque sunt principatus.
- Vocabulum "res publica" ab 132 civitatibus in suis nominibus publicis adhibetur. Plurimae enumerant reipublicae genus: Sina est nominata "respublica hominum" (Anglice: people's republic); Corea Septentrionalis, "popularis hominum respublica" (democratic people's republic); Aegyptus et Syria, "respublicae Arabicae" (Arab republics); Guyana, "respublica adiuvans" (cooperative republic); Algeria, "popularis hominum respublica" (democratic and popular republic), Vietnamia "respublica socialista" (socialist republic), Sri Lanca "popularis respublica socialista" (democratic socialist republic).
- Civitates quae volunt pronuntiare suas provincias habere nonnullam libertatem seorsum a sede imperii diserte sic adfirmant: Germania et Nigeria sunt unaquisque respublica foederalis; Aethiopia, respublica foederalis et popularis; Insulae Comorianae, respublica foederalis et Islamica; Brasilia, respublica foederativa.
Nomen aliquando secernit unam civitatem ab alia; exempli gratia, nomen Macedonia Septentrionalis indicat disiunctionem inter hanc civitatem et vicinam Macedoniam, provinciam Graecam.
Tanzania tandem profitetur se cohaerere rempublicam coniunctam.
- Undecim civitates se appellant tantum civitates, sed paucae denotant genus: Foederatae Micronesiae Civitates consistunt in civitatibus foederatis, Papua Nova Guinea et Samoa vehementius dicunt se esse liberas civitates, et Civitates Foederatae Americae et Civitates Mexicanae Coniunctae consistunt in civitatibus consociatis.
- Bruneium et Omania sunt sultanatus (sultanates).
- Birmania simpliciter dicit se esse societatem (union).
Nexus interni
- Administratio comparativa
- Administratio digesta
- Civilitas
- Constitutio
- Democratia
- Monarchia
- Index civitatum ab administrationis formula nominatarum
- Index formae administrationis
- Index civitatum in Unione Europaea ab administrationis formula nominatarum
- Res civiles
- Structura socialis
- Systema sociale
- Theocratia
- Tractatus politicus opus a Benedicto de Spinoza
Nota
recensereFontes
recensere- Carolus Boix. 2003. Democracy and Redistribution. Novi Eboraci: Cambridge University Press.
- Bunce, Valerie. 2003. "Rethinking Recent Democratization: Lessons from the Postcommunist Experience." World Politics 55(2):167–192.
- Iosephus M. Colomer. 2003. Political Institutions. Oxoniae: Oxford University Press.
- Dahl, Robertus. 1971. Polyarchy. Yale University Press.
- Heritage, Andrew, ed. 2000. World Desk Reference.
- Kopstein, Jeffrey, et Mark Lichbach, eds. 2005. Comparative Politics: Interests, Identities, and Institutions in a Changing Global Order. Cambridge University Press.
- Lijphart, Arend. 1977. Democracy in Plural Societies: A Comparative Exploration. Novi Portui: Yale University Press.
- Linz, Ioannes. 2000. Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes. Boulder: Lynne Rienner.
- Linz, Ioannes, et Alfredus Stepan. 1996. Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation: Southernn Europe, South America, and Post-Communist Europe. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press.
- Lichbach, Mark, et Alan Zukerman, eds. 1997. Comparative Politics: Rationality, Culture, and Structure. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Luebbert, Gregory M. 1987. "Social Foundations of Political Order in Interwar Europe." World Politics 39:4.
- Moore, Barrington, Jr. 1966. Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Lord and Peasant in the Making of the Modern World. Cambridge: Beacon Press, ch. 7-9.
- O’Donnell, Guillermus. 1970. Modernization and Bureaucratic-Authoritarianism. Berkeley: University of California.
- O’Donnell, Guillermus, Philippus C. Schmitter, et Laurentius Whitehead, eds. Anno? Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: comparative Perspectives. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
- Przeworski, Adam. 1992. Democracy and the Market: Political and Economic Reforms in Eastern Europe and Latin America. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Przeworski, Adam, Michael Alvarez, Iosephus Cheibub, et Fernandus Limongi. 2000. Democracy and Development: Political Institutions and Well Being in the World, 1950-1990. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- Shugart, Mathaeus, et Ioannes M. Carey. 1992. Presidents and Assemblies: Constitutional Design and Electoral Dynamics. New York, Cambridge University Press.
- Taagepera, Rein, et Matthaeus Shugart. 1989. Seats and Votes: The Effects and Determinants of Electoral Systems. Yale University Press.