Columbia Records

Columbia Records
Columbia Records
Syarikat induk	Sony Music Entertainment; (1988–2004, 2008–kini); Columbia Graphophone Company; (1925–1931); Grigsby-Grunow Company; (1931–1934); American Record Corporation; (1934–1938); CBS; (1938–1988); Sony BMG Music Entertainment; (2004–2008);
Diasaskan	1887; 137 tahun yang lalu (sebagai Columbia Phonograph Company)
Pengasas	Edward D. Easton
Label edaran	Sony Music Entertainment
Genre	Pelbagai
Negara asal	Amerika Syarikat
Lokasi	New York City, New York, A.S.
Tapak web rasmi	www.columbiarecords.com

Columbia Records ialah label rakaman berpusat di Amerika Syarikat; ia dimiliki oleh Sony Music Entertainment, anak syarikat Sony Corporation of America iaitu cawangan Amerika Utara konglomerat Sony dari Jepun. Ia ditubuhkan pada tahun 1887, yang berkembang dari American Graphophone Company, pengganti kepada Volta Graphophone Company.^[1] Columbia ialah syarikat rakaman bunyi tertua di dunia^[2]^[3]^[4] serta syarikat penghasil rakaman utama kedua keseluruhannya.^[5] Dari tahun 1961 hingga 1990, rakaman Columbia diedarkan luar Amerika Utara di bawah nama CBS Records untuk mengelakkan kekeliruan dengan Syarikat Columbia Graphophone milik EMI. Columbia ialah salah satu label rakaman perdana Sony Music bersama bekas saingan lamanya RCA Records, serta Arista Records dan Epic Records.

Artis di bawah Columbia termasuk Amerie, AC/DC, Willie Johnson Blind, Adele, Louis Armstrong, Tony Bennett, Beyoncé, Blind Willie Johnson, Dave Brubeck, The Byrds, Johnny Cash, Darren Hayes, Mariah Carey, The Chainsmokers, The Clash, Miles Davis, Rosemary Clooney, Neil Diamond, Celine Dion, Bob Dylan, Earth, Wind & Fire, Duke Ellington, 50 Cent, Erroll Garner, Benny Goodman, Adelaide Hall, Billy Joel, Janis Joplin, John Mayer, George Michael, Billy Murray, Pink Floyd, Santana, Frank Sinatra, Simon & Garfunkel, Bessie Smith, Bruce Springsteen, Barbra Streisand, Harry Styles, System of a Down, Andy Williams, Pharrell Williams, Bill Withers, Paul Whiteman dan Joe Zawinul.

Rujukan

^ Bilton, Lynn. The Columbia Graphophone and Grafonola -A Beginner's Guide. Intertique.com website, 2007. Retrieved December 19, 2009.
^ Nielsen Business Media, Inc. (September 17, 1955). Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. m/s. 35. ISSN 0006-2510.
^ Ben Sisario (October 30, 2012). "From One Mine, the Gold of Pop History". The New York Times. Dicapai pada February 28, 2013.
^ "125 Years of Columbia Records - An Interactive Timeline". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada November 14, 2017. Dicapai pada November 8, 2016. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (bantuan)
^ "Emile Berliner and the Birth of the Recording Industry: The Gramophone". Dicapai pada November 8, 2016.

Bacaan lanjut

Cogan, Jim; Clark, William, Temples of sound : inside the great recording studios, San Francisco : Chronicle Books, 2003. ISBN 0-8118-3394-1. Cf. chapter on Columbia Studios, pp. 181–192.
Hoffmann, Frank, Encyclopedia of Recorded Sound, New York & London : Routledge, 1993 & 2005, Volume 1. Cf. pp. 209–213, article on "Columbia (Label)"
Koenigsberg, Allen, The Patent History of the Phonograph, 1877–1912, APM Press, 1990/1991, ISBN 0-937612-10-3.
Revolution in Sound: A Biography of the Recording Industry. Little, Brown and Company, 1974. ISBN 0-316-77333-6.
High Fidelity Magazine, ABC, Inc. April 1976, "Creating the LP Record."
Rust, Brian, (compiler), The Columbia Master Book Discography, Greenwood Press, 1999.
Marmorstein, Gary. The Label: The Story of Columbia Records. New York: Thunder's Mouth Press; 2007. ISBN 1-56025-707-5
Ramone, Phil; Granata, Charles L., Making records: the scenes behind the music, New York: Hyperion, 2007. ISBN 978-0-7868-6859-9. Many references to the Columbia Studios, especially when Ramone bought Studio A, 799 Seventh Avenue from Columbia. Cf. especially pp. 136–137.
Dave Marsh; 360 Sound: The Columbia Records Story Legends and Legacy, Free eBook released by Columbia Records that puts a spotlight on the label's 263 greatest recordings from 1890 to 2011.

Pautan luar

Official website
Columbia masters in the Discography of American Historical Recordings
See the Profile of Designer Alex Steinweiss

[1] Bilton, Lynn. The Columbia Graphophone and Grafonola -A Beginner's Guide. Intertique.com website, 2007. Retrieved December 19, 2009.

[2] Nielsen Business Media, Inc. (September 17, 1955). Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. m/s. 35. ISSN 0006-2510.

[3] Ben Sisario (October 30, 2012). "From One Mine, the Gold of Pop History". The New York Times. Dicapai pada February 28, 2013.

[4] "125 Years of Columbia Records - An Interactive Timeline". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada November 14, 2017. Dicapai pada November 8, 2016. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (bantuan)

[5] "Emile Berliner and the Birth of the Recording Industry: The Gramophone". Dicapai pada November 8, 2016.

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Kawalan kewibawaan
Umum	WorldCat (melalui Perpustakaan Kongres)
Perpustakaan negara	Norway Israel Amerika Syarikat
Lain-lain	MusicBrainz (syarikat rakaman) 2