Ramesses III
| Rameses III | |
|---|---|
.jpg) A painting of Ramses III from harris papyrus | |
| Pharaoh | |
| Reign | 1186–1155 BC (Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt) |
| Predecessor | Setnakhte |
| Successor | Ramesses IV |
| Consort | Tyti, Isis Ta-Hemdjert, Tiye |
| Children |
|
| Father | Setnakhte |
| Mother | Tiy-Merenese |
| Born | 1217 BC |
| Died | 1155 BC (aged 61-62) |
| Burial | KV11 |
Ramses III was the second Pharaoh of the 20th dynasty in Ancient Egypt. He has ruled from 26 March 1186 to 15 April 1155 BC and is considered to be the last great King of the New kingdom.
He later fought with the sea people and won against them in a battle known as Battle of the Delta which is considered one of his best achievements [1] He was able to save Egypt from collapsing at the time when many other empires fell during the Late Bronze Age; however, the damage of the invasions took a role in Egypt.[2]
Family
[change | change source]Ramesses III was the son of Setnakhte and Tiy-Merenese. Tiy-merenese. He had a number of wives, including Isis, Titi and Tiy, as well as a number of sons including the next three rulers of Egypt, Ramesses IV ,Vand VI . We only know of one possible daughter named Titi. He was killed in the Harem conspiracy led by his wife Tiye and her eldest son Pentawere.
Reign
[change | change source]In the fifth year of his rule, some Libyan tribes came to the western part of the Nile River delta and said that the pharaoh was causing trouble for their leader. But really, the Libyans had been taking land that belonged to Egypt for a long time. The Egyptians defeated them in a battle in the western delta after two years of peace.
Later, a group of people from North and the Mediterranean islands known as Sea people attacked Egypt by land and sea. Ramses' soldiers stopped them in southern Palestine, and the ships got stuck in the waterways of the deltla, where Egyptians led by Ramses III won against them. Some of these people moved to the coast of Palestine between Gaza and Mount Carmel. This ended Egypt's control over Syria and Palestine.
Two more years passed, and another group of Libyan tribes came to the western delta. Ramses defeated them and captured their leader. After this, Ramses finished building a big temple, palace, and town in western Thebes. He also added to a big temple in Thebes and sent a ship to get things from a place called Punt. The Egyptians also mined copper in Sinai and possibly gold in Nubia, which is in the south.[3]
Death
[change | change source]At the end of Ramses' life, one of his wives who wasn't the main one wanted her son to become king. She planned to kill Ramses to make this happen. The sources we have say that the plan failed and the people who tried it were put on trial. We didn't know for sure if Ramses was hurt in the attack, because his mummy didn't have any obvious wounds. People talked about this for a long time. In 2012, researchers said that a CT scan showed a deep knife wound in Ramses' throat. This means that he was really killed by the people who tried to make his wife's son the king. Ramses died in Thebes in the 32nd year of his reign, and his son Ramses IV became the new king.[4][5][6][7]
References
[change | change source]- ↑ Robins, Gay (1997). The Art of Ancient Egypt.
- ↑ Cifola, Barbara (1988). "Ramses III and the Sea Peoples: A Structural Analysis of the Medinet Habu Inscriptions". Orientalia. 57 (3): 275–306. JSTOR 43077586.
- ↑ Kahn, D. (2016), The Historical Background of a Topographical List of Ramesses III, pp. 161–168
- ↑ Zahi Hawass, Somaia Ismail, Ashraf Selim, Sahar N. Saleem, Dina Fathalla, Sally Wasef, Ahmed Zakaria Gad, Rama Saad, Suzan Fares, Hany Amer, Paul Gostner, Yehia Z. Gad, Carsten M. Pusch, Albert R. Zink (December 17, 2012). "Revisiting the harem conspiracy and death of Ramesses III: anthropological, forensic, radiological, and genetic study". British Medical Journal. 345: e8268. doi:10.1136/bmj.e8268. hdl:10072/62081. PMID 23247979. S2CID 206896841. Archived from the original on February 2, 2013. Retrieved December 19, 2012.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ King Ramesses III's throat was slit, analysis reveals Archived 2018-05-04 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 2012-12-18.
- ↑ British Medical Journal, Study reveals that Pharaoh’s throat was cut during royal coup Archived 2019-05-18 at the Wayback Machine, Monday, December 17, 2012
- ↑ Hawass, Zahi; Saleem, Sahar N. (2016). Scanning the Pharaohs : CT Imaging of the New Kingdom Royal Mummies (Hardback ed.). New York: The American University in Cairo Press. pp. 181–182. ISBN 978-977-416-673-0.