Tazama chanzo cha Wahadzabe

[[File:Hadza montage.png|thumb|right|Wahadzabe]]
[[File:Hadzabe areal.jpg|thumb|right|Maeneo ya uwindaji kwenye [[Serengeti]].]]
[[File:Hadzabe-1.jpg|thumb|Wahadzabe wakivuta [[bangi]].]]
[[File:Hadazbe returning from hunt.jpg|thumb|right|Wanaume wakirudi toka mawindoni.]]
'''Wahadzabe''' au '''Wahadza'''<ref>In the [[Hadza language]], ''Hadzabe'e'' is the [[Grammatical gender|feminine]] [[Grammatical number|plural]] form of ''Hadza''. The Hadza call themselves the ''Hadzabe'e'' and their language ''Hadzane''. Other spellings are ''Hadzapi'' ('they are Hadza men') and ''Hatsa''; other [[Ethnonym|ethnonyms]] applied to them include ''Tindiga (Watindiga), Kindiga, Kangeju,'' and ''Wahi''. In current English usage, ''Hadza'' is the most commonly used term.</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Marlowe|2010|p=15}}</ref> ni [[kabila]] la [[Tanzania]] linaloishi hasa kandokando ya [[Ziwa Eyasi]] kwenye [[Bonde la Ufa]] na katika uwanda jirani wa [[Serengeti]].  

Leo Wahadza hawafikii 1,000:<ref name="Marlowe pop">{{Harvnb|Marlowe|2010|p=13}}</ref><ref name="online">[[#Mar05|Marlowe 2005]] (see [http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~hbe-lab/acrobatfiles/mate%20prefs%20of%20hadza.pdf online])</ref> kati yao 300–400 wanaishi bado kwa kuwinda na kuchuma vyakula bila [[uzalishaji]], kama waliofanya mababu wao tangu awali.<ref>{{Harvnb|Marlowe|2010|pp=17–18; 285–286}}</ref> 

Wahadza hawana undugu wa karibu na kabila lingine lolote, na vilevile [[lugha]] yao ni ya pekee kabisa.<ref>{{harvnb|Lee|1999|p=200}}</ref><ref>Sands, Bonny E. (1998) 'The Linguistic Relationship between Hadza and Khoisan' In Schladt, Matthias (ed.) Language, Identity, and Conceptualization among the Khoisan (Quellen zur Khoisan-Forschung Vol. 15), Köln: Rüdiger Köppe, 265&ndash;283.</ref><ref name="Ndagala & Zengu 1994">{{Harvnb|Ndagala|Zengu|1994}}</ref> 

==Tanbihi==
{{Reflist|3}}

==Marejeo==
* Apicella, C .L., &  Feinberg, D.  Voice pitch alters mate-choice relevant perception in hunter-gatherers. Proceedings of the Royal Society, B, 276, 1077-1082.
* Apicella, C. L., Little, A.C. & Marlowe, F.W. Averageness and attractiveness in an isolated population of hunter-gatherers. Perception, 36, 1813-1820.
* <cite id=Ble08>{{cite conference |last=Blench |first=Roger |title=Hadza Animal Names |conference=3rd International Khoisan Workshop |location=Riezlern |date=7–9 July 2008 |format=PDF}}
* <cite id=Cri34>{{cite journal |last=Crittenden |first=A.N. |year=2011 |title=The Importance of Honey Consumption in Human Evolution |journal=Food and Foodways |volume=19 |pages=257–273 |url=https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=sites&srcid=ZGVmYXVsdGRvbWFpbnxhbHlzc2Fjcml0dGVuZGVufGd4OjY3Zjk0MzI5ZWMyNDFlNGI |format=pdf |doi=10.1080/07409710.2011.630618}}<cite>
* <cite id=Cri24> {{cite journal |last=Crittenden |first=A.N. |others=Marlowe, F.W.  |year=2008 |title=Allomaternal Care among the Hadza of Tanzania |journal=Human Nature |volume=19 |pages=249–263 |url=https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=sites&srcid=ZGVmYXVsdGRvbWFpbnxhbHlzc2Fjcml0dGVuZGVufGd4OjUyNmIxMGNmZjViZmZjMWI |format=pdf |doi=10.1007/s12110-008-9043-3}}<cite>
* {{cite book|last=Diamond|first=J.|authorlink=Jared Diamond|title=Guns, germs and steel: the fates of human societies|url=https://archive.org/details/gunsgermssteelfa0000diam|year=1997|publisher=Norton|location=New York, NY|isbn=0-393-03891-2|chapter=Chapter 6|ref=harv}}
* <cite id=HeKeu99>{{cite video |people=Heller, Hartmut & Keulig, Steffen |date=1999 |publisher=Freunde der Naturvölker e.V. (fPcN Germany) |title=Hadzabe – Die letzten Wildbeuter Ostafrikas |medium=Documentary |format=streamed video |url=http://vimeo.com/58452890}}<cite> A film (43 min) in German about this people and their struggle for survival.
* {{cite book |last=Kohl-Larsen |first=Ludwig |authorlink=Ludwig Kohl-Larsen |title=Das Elefantenspiel. Mythen, Riesen und Stammessagen. Volkserzählungen der Tindiga |publisher=Erich Röth-Verlag |series=Das Gesicht der Völker |location=Eisenach • Kassel |year=1956a |language=German |ref=Koh56a}} The book is a collection of Hadza myths about giants, also some tribal myths about cultural heroes, and anecdotal tales.
* {{cite book |last=Lee |first=Richard B. |others=Daly, Richard Heywood |year=1999 |title=The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Hunters and Gatherers |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=0-521-57109-X |ref=CITEREFLee1999}}
* <cite id=Mar05>{{cite journal |last=Marlowe |first=F.W. |year=2005 |title=Mate preferences among Hadza hunter-gatherers |journal=Human Nature |volume=15 |pages=364–375 |url=http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~hbe-lab/acrobatfiles/mate%20prefs%20of%20hadza.pdf |format=pdf}}<cite>
* {{cite book|last=Marlowe|first=F. W.|title=The Hadza: Hunter-Gatherers of Tanzania|url=https://archive.org/details/hadzahuntergathe0000marl|year=2010|publisher=Univ. California Press|location=Berkeley|isbn=978-0-520-25342-1|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Ndagala|first=D. K.|last2=Zengu|first2=N.|title=Who needs the past?: indigenous values and archaeology|year=1994|publisher=Routledge|location=London|isbn=0-415-09558-1|url=http://books.google.com/?id=7TPIDL9RdsoC&pg=PA51&dq=From+the+raw+to+the+cooked:+Hadzabe+perceptions+of+their+past#v=onepage&q=From%20the%20raw%20to%20the%20cooked%3A%20Hadzabe%20perceptions%20of%20their%20past&f=false|editor=Robert Layton|chapter=From the raw to the cooked: Hadzabe perceptions of their past|pages=51–56|ref=harv}}
* <cite id=McC07>{{cite news | url = http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/06/09/AR2007060901465.html?nav=hcmodule | publisher = [[Washington Post]] | accessdate = 2007-09-15 | date = 2007-06-10 | title = 50,000 Years of Resilience May Not Save Tribe | page = A01 | first = Stephanie | last = McCrummen }}</cite>
* {{cite news|title=Hadzabe celebrate land victory|url=http://www.survivalinternational.org/news/2579|accessdate=3 May 2011|date=6 November 2007|author=Survival International|ref=harv}}
* <!-- Tishkoff, Gonder, Henn, Mortensen, et al 2007 -->{{cite doi|10.1093/molbev/msm155}}

==Marejeo mengine==
* Crittenden, Alyssa and Frank Marlowe (2008) Allomaternal Care among the Hadza of Tanzania. Human Nature: An Interdisciplinary Biosocial Perspective 19(3): 249-262.
* {{cite journal|last=Finkel|first=M.|title=The Hadza|journal=National Geographic Magazine|date=December 2009|url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2009/12/hadza/finkel-text|access-date=2014-09-14|archive-date=2009-11-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091121120908/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2009/12/hadza/finkel-text|dead-url=yes}}
* {{cite book |last=Kohl-Larsen |authorlink=Ludwig Kohl-Larsen |first=Ludwig |title=Das Zauberhorn. Märchen und Tiergeschichten der Tindiga| trans_title=The magic horn. Tales and animal stories of the Tindiga |publisher=Erich Röth |location=Kassel |year=1956 |language=German}}
* {{cite book |editor1-last=Lee |editor1-first=Richard B. |editor1-link=Richard Borshay Lee |editor2-last=DeVore |editor2-first=Irven |editor2-link=Irven DeVore |editor3=Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research |title=Man the Hunter |last=Woodburn |first=James |chapter=An Introduction to Hadza Ecology |pages=49–55 |chapterurl=http://books.google.hu/books?id=8onGWvNpw18C&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_summary_r&cad=0#PPA49,M1 |publisher=Aldine Transaction |year=1969 |isbn=0-202-33032-X |edition=11th}}
* {{cite book|last=Madsen|first=Andrew|title=The Hadzabe of Tanzania: land and human rights for a hunter-gatherer community|year=2000|publisher=International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs (IWGIA)|location=Copenhagen|isbn=87-90730-26-7|url=http://books.google.com/?id=3UbTZxDmdnsC&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+Hadza+of+Tanzania:+land+and+human+rights+for+a+hunter-gatherer+community#v=onepage&q&f=false}}
* [[Peter Matthiessen|Matthiessen, Peter]] (1972) ''The Tree Where Man Was Born'', Chapter X.
* Wood, Brian and Frank Marlowe (2011) Dynamics of postmarital among the Hadza: a kin investment model. Human Nature: An Interdisciplinary Biosocial Perspective. DOI 10.1007/s12110-011-9109-5

==Viungo vya nje==
{{commons category}}
* [http://goto.glocalnet.net/maho/eballsamples/sample_w500.html Hadza bibliography] {{Wayback|url=http://goto.glocalnet.net/maho/eballsamples/sample_w500.html |date=20080516010506 }}
* ''[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBB2tGroxJM&feature=gv Gli ultimi primitivi. Alla scoperta degli Hadzabe]'' Documentary film (in Italian).
* ''[http://www.ericturpin.com/fr/Hadzabe/Hadzabe.htm Hadzabe. Retour vers l'âge de pierre. Les derniers chasseurs à l'arc de Tanzanie]'' Documentary film (in French).
* [http://sites.google.com/site/thehadzabushmenoftanzania/ The Hadza Bushmen of Tanzania]
* [http://sites.google.com/site/thehadzabushmenoftanzania/map-of-hadzaland-1 Map of Hadzaland]

{{mbegu-utamaduni-TZ}}
{{Makabila ya Tanzania}}
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[[Category:Makabila ya Tanzania]]