Top 10 countries that will have the highest population in 2100

From a global population of approximately 2.5 billion in 1950 to an estimated 8 billion in mid-November 2022, the world’s population has grown exponentially. This growth is projected to continue, reaching about 9.7 billion by 2050 and potentially 10.4 billion by 2100. Population trends reveal varying paths ahead: while some countries are set to experience significant growth, others may see a drop in population. These shifts reflect changing birth rates, aging populations, and migration trends, all of which will shape the future global population landscape. In this list, we present the top 10 countries that will have the highest population in 2100, as projected by the UN Population Division.

The UN Population Division, part of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs, collects and analyzes global data on topics such as migration, urbanization, fertility, and population growth. Using these insights, it generates the official United Nations demographic estimates and projections for every country and region worldwide.

There are three major factors that influence the population rate: fertility rates, increasing longevity, and international migration. High fertility rates lead to more births, driving population increases, while rising longevity extends the average lifespan, contributing to an aging yet larger population base. Migration also plays a role as people relocate across borders, often shifting population balances in both origin and destination countries.

India became the most populous country in the world in 2023, surpassing China. The UN has estimated that India's population will continue to grow for several decades, while China's population recently reached its maximum size and has shown a decline since 2022. By 2100, India will remain the most populous country with an estimated population of 1,533 million, while China's population will be 771 million.

Nigeria's estimated population is around 546 million, making it the third most populous country in the world. Africa has the highest rate of population growth among major regions.

Pakistan is the third Asian nation to appear on the list of the most populous countries in 2100. It is predicted that Pakistan will have a population of 487 million.

As of November 3, 2024, the population of the Democratic Republic of the Congo is 110 million, which is 1.34% of the world's population. The population is projected to increase by 110% by 2050, reaching 218 million. The population is expected to reach 431 million by 2100.

As of July 2024, the United States is the third most populated country in the world, with a population of 336 million. The United States' population growth is primarily due to immigration, as the fertility rate is lower. By 2100, there will not be much growth in their numbers compared to other countries. It is expected to reach 394 million.

Indonesia is the fourth most populated country in the world, with a population of 284 million, but this number will not grow by much by 2100. As per the projections by the UN Population Division, the country will have a population of 297 million. On the other hand, Ethiopia, with a current population of 133 million, will see a sharp increase in population. It is predicted to have a population of 323 million by 2100.

Tanzania's population is projected to increase from 61.7 million to 244 million by 2100, making it the 9th most populated country in the world and the 4th most populated country in Africa.

Egypt's population is expected to increase to 225 million by 2100, which is a 120% increase from current projections. With its rapidly growing population, Egypt faces challenges such as urban overcrowding, resource scarcity, and the need for sustainable development.

Excessive population growth can negatively impact a country in various ways. It strains resources such as food, water, and energy, leading to shortages and higher prices. Overpopulation exacerbates environmental degradation through increased pollution and deforestation. The pressure on infrastructure and public services, like healthcare and education, can lead to inadequate provision. Economic challenges arise with higher unemployment and poverty rates. Social issues, including overcrowded living conditions and increased crime, can deteriorate the quality of life. Unplanned urbanization creates slums and insufficient amenities. Addressing population growth through effective policies is essential for sustainable development and ensuring a better quality of life.

Countries with rapidly growing populations can capitalize on this by investing in education and healthcare to create a skilled, healthy workforce. Encouraging entrepreneurship and developing robust infrastructure can drive economic growth. Implementing family planning and promoting gender equality can ensure sustainable development. Focusing on sustainable urban planning and green technologies will address environmental challenges. Strengthening social safety nets and enhancing international cooperation will ensure equitable benefits from economic growth. These strategies can turn population growth into a demographic dividend, fostering prosperity and improved quality of life.

Key factors driving population change include fertility rates, which are lower in wealthier nations and higher in developing countries, leading to uneven growth. Aging populations in developed countries, driven by longer life expectancies, present challenges for healthcare and pensions. Urbanization also plays a role, as more people move to cities where birth rates tend to be lower. Additionally, migration driven by factors like conflict, climate change, and economic opportunities is reshaping population patterns, with some countries experiencing growth due to immigration.