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Publications
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A comparison study of the fresh and hardened properties of normal weight and lightweight aggregate concretes
Elsevier
This study compares the engineering properties of normal weight concrete with those of concrete with two types of lightweight aggregates, namely, oil-palm-boiler-clinker (OPBC) concrete and lightweight expanded clay aggregate (LECA) concrete. OPBC is a porous solid waste from the palm oil industry, while LECA is an artificial and impenetrable material. The conventional coarse aggregates in a high-strength normal weight concrete were replaced by each of these lightweight aggregates, and the…
This study compares the engineering properties of normal weight concrete with those of concrete with two types of lightweight aggregates, namely, oil-palm-boiler-clinker (OPBC) concrete and lightweight expanded clay aggregate (LECA) concrete. OPBC is a porous solid waste from the palm oil industry, while LECA is an artificial and impenetrable material. The conventional coarse aggregates in a high-strength normal weight concrete were replaced by each of these lightweight aggregates, and the effect of such substitution on the fresh and hardened properties of the concrete was studied. The test results revealed that the OPBC concrete outperforms the LECA concrete in terms of workability, mechanical properties, and specific strength. The LECA concrete achieved its ceiling strength in 7 days, while the OPBC concrete still had strength gain by time. The LECA concrete demonstrated a greater drying shrinkage than both the normal weight and OPBC lightweight concretes between 14 days and 90 days. The use of OPBC must therefore be promoted to produce a cleaner and greener concrete that can benefit the construction and agricultural industries.
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Manufacturing of High-strength Lightweight Aggregate Concrete using Blended Coarse Lightweight Aggregates
Journal of Building Engineering
Structural lightweight concrete plays an important role in the construction industry, especially for the high-rise buildings. It can only be produced using lightweight aggregates. Oil-palm-boiler clinker (OPBC) is a solid waste from the oil palm industry and could be used as lightweight aggregate in concrete mixture. However, the density of this lightweight aggregate is more than the density of the other types of natural and artificial lightweight aggregate. Therefore, the density of concrete…
Structural lightweight concrete plays an important role in the construction industry, especially for the high-rise buildings. It can only be produced using lightweight aggregates. Oil-palm-boiler clinker (OPBC) is a solid waste from the oil palm industry and could be used as lightweight aggregate in concrete mixture. However, the density of this lightweight aggregate is more than the density of the other types of natural and artificial lightweight aggregate. Therefore, the density of concrete was made of this lightweight aggregate is relatively high and is in the range of semi-lightweight concrete. In the current study, OPBC was partially substituted with a lighter lightweight aggregate namely oil palm shell (OPS) in a OPBC semi-lightweight concrete with high strength to further reduce the density of the concrete. To this end, OPBC was replaced by OPS with 0, 20, 40 and 60% by volume. Test results show that contribution of OPS in OPBC concrete reduces the density, while all the mechanical properties were also reduced. This occurs due to smooth surface texture of OPC and its lower density compared to OPBC. It was, however, found that OPBC semi-lightweight concrete containing more than 20% OPS turns to be structural lightweight concrete with high strength. Based on the mechanical properties and water absorption test results it is recommended that the optimum substitution of OPBC with OPS stays between 20 to 40%.
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A data driven model for the impact of IFT and density variations on CO2 storage capacity in geologic formations
Elsevier
Carbon dioxide (CO2) storage in depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs and deep saline aquifers is one of the most promising solutions for decreasing CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. One of the important issues for CO2 storage in subsurface environments is the sealing efficiency of low-permeable cap-rocks overlying potential CO2 storage reservoirs. Though we focus on the effect of IFT in this study as a factor influencing sealing efficiency or storage capacity, other factors such as interfacial…
Carbon dioxide (CO2) storage in depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs and deep saline aquifers is one of the most promising solutions for decreasing CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. One of the important issues for CO2 storage in subsurface environments is the sealing efficiency of low-permeable cap-rocks overlying potential CO2 storage reservoirs. Though we focus on the effect of IFT in this study as a factor influencing sealing efficiency or storage capacity, other factors such as interfacial interactions, wettability, pore radius and interfacial mass transfer also affect the mobility and storage capacity of CO2 phase in the pore space. The study of the variation of IFT is however important because the pressure needed to penetrate a pore depends on both the pore size and the interfacial tension. Hence small variations in IFT can affect flow across a large population of pores. A novel model is proposed to find the IFT of the ternary systems (CO2/brine-salt) in a range of temperatures (300-373 K), pressures (50-250 bar), and up to 6 molal salinity applicable to CO2 storage in geological formations through a multi-variant non-linear regression of experimental data. The method uses a general empirical model for the quaternary system CO2/brine-salts that can be made to coincide with experimental data for a variety of solutions. We introduce correction parameters into the model, which compensates for uncertainties, and enforce agreement with experimental data. The results for IFT show a strong dependence on temperature, pressure, and salinity. The model has been found to describe the experimental data in the appropriate parameter space with reasonable precision. Finally, we use the new model to evaluate the effects of formation depth on the actual efficiency of CO2 storage. The results indicate that, in the case of CO2 storage in deep subsurface environments as a global-warming mitigation strategy, CO2 storage capacity increases with reservoir depth.
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Effect of CO2 solubility on dissolution rate of calcite in saline aquifers for temperature range of 50–100C and pressures up to 600 bar: alterations of fractures geometry in carbonate rocks by CO2-acidified brines
Environmental Earth Sciences/Springer Berlin Heidelberg
An empirical model is developed to predict the dissolution rate of calcite in saline solutions that are saturated with respect to dissolved CO2 over a broad range of both subcritical and supercritical conditions. The focus is on determining the rate of calcite dissolution within a temperature range of 50–100∘C and pressures up to 600 bar, relevant for CO2 sequestration in saline aquifers. A general reaction kinetic model is used that is based on the extension of the standard Arrhenius…
An empirical model is developed to predict the dissolution rate of calcite in saline solutions that are saturated with respect to dissolved CO2 over a broad range of both subcritical and supercritical conditions. The focus is on determining the rate of calcite dissolution within a temperature range of 50–100∘C and pressures up to 600 bar, relevant for CO2 sequestration in saline aquifers. A general reaction kinetic model is used that is based on the extension of the standard Arrhenius equation with an added, solubility-dependent, pH term to account for the saturated concentration of dissolved CO2. On the basis of this kinetic model, a new rate equation is obtained using multi-parameter, nonlinear regression of experimental data to determine the dissolution of calcite as a function of temperature, pressure and salinity. Different models for the activity coefficient of CO2 dissolved in saline solutions are accounted for. The new rate equation helps us obtain good agreement with experimental data, and it is applied to study the geochemically induced alterations of fracture geometry due to calcite dissolution.
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Effect of CO2 Solubility on Dissolution Rates of Minerals in Porous Media Imbibed with Brine: Actual Efficiency of CO2 Sequestration
AGU Global Environmental Change GC41C-1104
A new model is developed for geochemical reactions to access dissolution rate of minerals in saline aquifers with respect to saturated concentration of dissolved CO2 as a function of parameters that are dynamically available during computer program execution such as pressure, temperature, and salinity. A general Arrhenius-type equation, with an explicit dependence on the pH of brine, is employed to determine the rates of mineral dissolution. The amount of dissolved CO2 is determined with the…
A new model is developed for geochemical reactions to access dissolution rate of minerals in saline aquifers with respect to saturated concentration of dissolved CO2 as a function of parameters that are dynamically available during computer program execution such as pressure, temperature, and salinity. A general Arrhenius-type equation, with an explicit dependence on the pH of brine, is employed to determine the rates of mineral dissolution. The amount of dissolved CO2 is determined with the help of an accurate PVTx model for the temperature range of 50-100C and pressures up to 600 bar relevant to the geologic sequestration of CO2. We show how activity coefficients for a given salinity condition alters solubility, pH, and reaction rates. We further evaluate the significance of the pre-exponential factor and the reaction order associated with the modified Arrhenius equation to determine the sensitivity of the reaction rates as a function to the pH of the system. It is found that the model can reasonably reproduce experimental data with new parameters that we obtain from sensitivity studies. Using the new rate equation, we investigate geochemically induced alterations of fracture geometry due to mineral dissolution. Finally, we use our model to evaluate the effects of temperature, pressure, and salinity on the actual efficiency of CO2 storage.
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Engineering properties of lightweight aggregate concrete containing limestone powder and high volume fly ash
Journal of Cleaner Production
Concrete industry is one of the major sources of consuming high volume of natural
resources. On the other hand, cement industry is a significant point source of carbon dioxide
emissions due to the decomposition of raw material and burning fuel during the
manufacturing process. As the demand for concrete is growing, one of the effective way to
minimize the negative environmental impact of the industry is the use of waste and by-
product materials as cement and aggregate…Concrete industry is one of the major sources of consuming high volume of natural
resources. On the other hand, cement industry is a significant point source of carbon dioxide
emissions due to the decomposition of raw material and burning fuel during the
manufacturing process. As the demand for concrete is growing, one of the effective way to
minimize the negative environmental impact of the industry is the use of waste and by-
product materials as cement and aggregate replacement in concrete.Other authors -
The Potential for Carbon Dioxide Sequestration in Subsurface Geological Formations
Handbook of Clean Energy Systems
Fossil fuels are projected to serve as the major source of energy worldwide in the coming
decades. Emissions to the atmosphere of green house gases such as CO2 produced by the
consumption of energy derived from fossil fuels are now comparable to the natural carbon
cycle. Such emissions are already beginning to exert an observable influence on climate
change, perturbing natural climate stability. Carbon sequestration has been proposed to
gradually reduce and eventually eliminate…Fossil fuels are projected to serve as the major source of energy worldwide in the coming
decades. Emissions to the atmosphere of green house gases such as CO2 produced by the
consumption of energy derived from fossil fuels are now comparable to the natural carbon
cycle. Such emissions are already beginning to exert an observable influence on climate
change, perturbing natural climate stability. Carbon sequestration has been proposed to
gradually reduce and eventually eliminate anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide into
the atmosphere. The success of sequestration depends on the identification and manipulation
of appropriate storage sites where CO2 can be sequestrated over long periods of time.
Deep saline aquifers are the preferred storage sites because of their potential for secure
sequestration over long periods of time as well as their abundance and large capacity. The
primary mechanism for long term sequestration in saline aquifers is solubility trapping associated
with the dissolution of CO2 into brine. The key aspect of solubility
trapping is gravitational convection associated with the unstable density stratication
of dissolved CO2. The strength of convection depends on solubility, which is a function of
temperature and pressure and brine salinity. Dissolution of CO2 into brine leads further
to the formation of carbonic acid that provides carbonate ions needed for the formation
of mineral precipitates. This process of mineral trapping of CO2 is considered to be the
most permanent form of sequestration. The objective of the current study is to provide a
perspective on the progress made thus far towards the modeling of the solubility of CO2 in
brine and the dependence of pH on the saturated mole fraction as a function of pressure,
temperature and salinity. The study is an attempt to facilitate the development of an integrated
model for the prediction of the amount of CO2 that can be safely sequestered in
saline aquifers.Other authors -
A new model for the density of saturated solutions of CO2–H2O–NaCl in saline aquifers
International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control
A new model is proposed to find the density of saturated ternary solutions of H2O–CO2–NaCl in the temperature range of 50–100 °C and pressures up to 600 bar. The model calculates the partial molar volume of dissolved CO2 from the density of saturated binary, H2O–CO2, solution and the corresponding mole fraction of dissolved CO2. The density of the saturated binary solution is determined as a function of temperature and pressure from a regression of experimental data. The mole fraction of…
A new model is proposed to find the density of saturated ternary solutions of H2O–CO2–NaCl in the temperature range of 50–100 °C and pressures up to 600 bar. The model calculates the partial molar volume of dissolved CO2 from the density of saturated binary, H2O–CO2, solution and the corresponding mole fraction of dissolved CO2. The density of the saturated binary solution is determined as a function of temperature and pressure from a regression of experimental data. The mole fraction of dissolved CO2 is obtained from the Redlich–Kwong equation of state. The partial molar volume of CO2 obtained in his manner is then made to coincide with one solution branch of the Redlich–Kwong equation while retaining the other solution branch associated with the molar volume of the gas phase. This allows the simultaneous calculation of both the gas and the liquid molar volume with a single equation of state. The density of the saturated ternary solution predicted by the new model is found to be in good agreement with experimental data. The new model is then used to characterize the effects of temperature, pressure and salinity on the onset of buoyancy driven convection during CO2 sequestration.
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Direct Numerical Simulation of Pore Scale Flow and Reactive Transport of CO2 in Porous Media
American Geophysical Union
Recently, the need to decrease CO2 concentration in the atmosphere has been recognized because of the role of CO2 as a greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming. Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) is one of the most promising long term solutions for the reduction of CO2 in the atmosphere. To this end, injection of CO2 into deep geological formations has been proposed and investigated theoretically and experimentally in the last years. The fracture permeability, an important…
Recently, the need to decrease CO2 concentration in the atmosphere has been recognized because of the role of CO2 as a greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming. Carbon Capture and Sequestration (CCS) is one of the most promising long term solutions for the reduction of CO2 in the atmosphere. To this end, injection of CO2 into deep geological formations has been proposed and investigated theoretically and experimentally in the last years. The fracture permeability, an important parameter controlling CO2 migration throughout sequestration, affects the amount of mineralization trapping of CO2 which enhances the long-term CO2 storage. A long-term geochemical modeling of subsurface CO2 storage is carried out in a single fracture to investigate its impact on CO2 transport and storage capacity. We model the fracture by considering flow of CO2 between finite plates. CO2 is initially dissolved in the brine and then precipitates during the geochemical reactions between H2O-CO2 and minerals. We study the physics and the critical time of blockage for a fracture to interpret the results. We employ direct numerical simulation tools and algorithms to simulate incompressible flow along with necessary transport equations that capture the kinetics of relevant chemical reactions. The numerical model is based on a finite difference method using a sequential non-iterative approach. It is found that mineral precipitation has an important effect on reservoir porosity and permeability. The fracture ceases to be a fluid channel because of the precipitation of minerals.
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Direct Numerical Simulation of pore scale flow and reactive transport of CO2 in saline aquifers
American Physical Society
A long-term geochemical modeling of subsurface CO2 storage is carried out in a single fracture to investigate its impact on CO2 transport and storage capacity. We model the fracture by considering flow of CO2 between finite plates. CO2 is initially dissolved in the brine and then precipitates during the geochemical reactions between H2O-CO2 and minerals. We study the physics and the critical time of blockage for a fracture to interpret the results. We employ direct numerical simulation tools…
A long-term geochemical modeling of subsurface CO2 storage is carried out in a single fracture to investigate its impact on CO2 transport and storage capacity. We model the fracture by considering flow of CO2 between finite plates. CO2 is initially dissolved in the brine and then precipitates during the geochemical reactions between H2O-CO2 and minerals. We study the physics and the critical time of blockage for a fracture to interpret the results. We employ direct numerical simulation tools and algorithms to simulate incompressible flow along with necessary transport equations that capture the kinetics of relevant chemical reactions. The numerical model is based on a finite difference method using a sequential non-iterative approach. It is found that mineral precipitation has an important effect on reservoir porosity and permeability. The fracture ceases to be a fluid channel because of the precipitation of minerals. In addition, using parameter analysis we also determine the effect of various mineral precipitates on porosity of fractures.
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Direct numerical simulation of pore scale flow and reactive transport of CO2 in saline aquifers.
GRID - University of Maryland
We employ direct numerical simulation tools and algorithms to simulate incompressible flow along with necessary transport equations that capture the kinetics of relevant chemical reactions. The numerical model is based on a finite difference method using a sequential non-iterative approach.
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Effect of CO2 Solubility on Dissolution and Precipitation Rates of Mineral Compositions in Saline Aquifers
Chemical Geology
We study the effect of solubility of CO2 in brine on the reaction rates of minerals in saline aquifers based on the transition state theory (TST). A general Arrhenius-type equation, with an explicit dependence on the pH of brine, is employed to determine the rates of mineral dissolution and precipitation. The dependence of pH on the amount of dissolved CO2, with respect to the underlying conditions of pressure, temperature and salinity, is modeled on the basis of the electro-neutrality…
We study the effect of solubility of CO2 in brine on the reaction rates of minerals in saline aquifers based on the transition state theory (TST). A general Arrhenius-type equation, with an explicit dependence on the pH of brine, is employed to determine the rates of mineral dissolution and precipitation. The dependence of pH on the amount of dissolved CO2, with respect to the underlying conditions of pressure, temperature and salinity, is modeled on the basis of the electro-neutrality condition. The amount of dissolved CO2 is determined with the help of an accurate PVTx model for the temperature range of 50-100C and pressures up to 600 bar. We consider different models for the activity coefficient of CO2 dissolved in saline solutions. We show how the resulting variation of the activity coefficient for a given salinity condition alters solubility, pH and reaction rates. We further evaluate the significance of the pre-exponential factor and the reaction order associated with the modified Arrhenius equation to determine the sensitivity of the reaction rates as a function to the pH of the system. We find that the transition state theory can reasonably reproduce experimental data with new parameters that we obtain from sensitivity studies.
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Geochemical reaction modeling of carbon dioxide
University of Maryland
Recently, the need to decrease CO2 concentration in the atmosphere has been recognized because of the role of CO2 as a greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming. Carbon Capture and Sequestration CO2 is one of the most promising long term solutions for the reduction of CO2 in the atmosphere. To this end, injection of CO2 into saline aquifers has been proposed and investigated theoretically and experimentally in the last years. Modeling the storage of CO2 in saline aquifers on a reservoir…
Recently, the need to decrease CO2 concentration in the atmosphere has been recognized because of the role of CO2 as a greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming. Carbon Capture and Sequestration CO2 is one of the most promising long term solutions for the reduction of CO2 in the atmosphere. To this end, injection of CO2 into saline aquifers has been proposed and investigated theoretically and experimentally in the last years. Modeling the storage of CO2 in saline aquifers on a reservoir scale is very demanding with respect to computational cost. Long-term subsurface storage of CO2 in saline aquifers may induce a range of chemical processes in response to disturbances in existing chemical equilibria that include, but are not limited to, dissolution of primary minerals and precipitation of secondary carbonates. CCS projects also can be done above the ground by injecting CO2 into designated fractures. The work presented in this thesis focuses on developing a fundamental understanding and modeling approach for 3 basic aspects of sequestration: 1) the effect of CO2 solubility on rates of geochemical reactions, 2) density of brine after dissolution of CO2, and 3) time dependent porosity variation of a single fracture due to precipitation of carbonates.
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Reactive transport modeling of injected CO2 in heterogeneous porous media by means of numerical method
American Geophysical Union
A reactive fluid flow and transport numerical model is developed for evaluating long-term sequestration of CO2 in liquid-saturated porous media. Carbon dioxide is injected into a porous media in a super-critical state that partially dissolves in the liquid phase, creating a multi-species liquid phase. A governing equation package is employed to treat the flow and transport simulations. Chemical reactions between dissolved CO2 and rock minerals that potentially contribute to mineral trapping of…
A reactive fluid flow and transport numerical model is developed for evaluating long-term sequestration of CO2 in liquid-saturated porous media. Carbon dioxide is injected into a porous media in a super-critical state that partially dissolves in the liquid phase, creating a multi-species liquid phase. A governing equation package is employed to treat the flow and transport simulations. Chemical reactions between dissolved CO2 and rock minerals that potentially contribute to mineral trapping of CO2 are taken into account in the current study. The transport numerical model analyzes the impact of CO2 immobilization on porosity and permeability of the porous media through carbonate precipitation. It is found that the addition of CO2 mass as carbonate precipitates to the solid phase lead to a decrease in porosity and permeability of the porous media. The current numerical simulation provides useful insight into potential sequestration capacity of a porous media, and their controlling conditions such as critical time of blockage.
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Reactive transport modeling of CO2 inside a fractured rock
American Physical Society
A numerical model of geochemical transport is developed to evaluate long term mineral trapping of CO2 inside a fractured rock. The problem contains flow of CO2 between finite plates that represents a single fracture in post-injection regime. This study investigates the impact of fractures on CO2 transport and storage capacity. The effect of surface roughness is also investigated to predict the actual efficiency of mineral trapping of CO2 for a long period of time. The model is composed of…
A numerical model of geochemical transport is developed to evaluate long term mineral trapping of CO2 inside a fractured rock. The problem contains flow of CO2 between finite plates that represents a single fracture in post-injection regime. This study investigates the impact of fractures on CO2 transport and storage capacity. The effect of surface roughness is also investigated to predict the actual efficiency of mineral trapping of CO2 for a long period of time. The model is composed of direct numerical simulation tools and algorithms for incompressible flow and conservative transport combined with kinetics of corresponding chemical reactions. For each time step, transport and reactions are solved by means of finite difference method using a sequential non-iterative approach. It is found that the simple fracture is filled at the inlet because concentrations of carbonate ions are greater (more saturated states).
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Porosity and permeability reduction due to reactive transport of CO2 in porous media
GRID - University of Maryland
Using parameter analysis we determine the effect of various mineral precipitates on porosity and permeability of fractures.
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Numerical modeling of CO2 disposal inside a fracture in porous media based on space discretization by means of integral finite difference method
American Geophysical Union
Increasing concentration of CO2 as a greenhouse gas in the atmosphere causes global warming and it subsequently perturbs the balance of the life cycle. In order to mitigate the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere, the sequestration of CO2 into deep geological formations has been investigated theoretically and experimentally in recent decades. Solubility and mineral trapping are the most promising long term solutions to geologic CO2 sequestration, because they prevent its return to the…
Increasing concentration of CO2 as a greenhouse gas in the atmosphere causes global warming and it subsequently perturbs the balance of the life cycle. In order to mitigate the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere, the sequestration of CO2 into deep geological formations has been investigated theoretically and experimentally in recent decades. Solubility and mineral trapping are the most promising long term solutions to geologic CO2 sequestration, because they prevent its return to the atmosphere. In this study, the CO2 sequestration capacity of both aqueous and mineral phases is evaluated. Mineral alterations, however, are too slow to be modeled experimentally; therefore a numerical model is required. This study presents a model to simulate a reactive fluid within permeable porous media. The problem contains reactive transport modeling between a miscible flow and minerals in post-injection regime. Rates of dissolution and precipitation (PD) of minerals are determined by taking into account the pH of the system, in addition to the consideration of the influence of temperature. We solve fluid convection, diffusion and PD reactions inside a fracture in order to predict the amount of CO2 that can be stored as precipitation of secondary carbonates after specific period of time. The modeling of flow and transport inside the fracture for the mineral trapping purpose is based on space discretization by means of integral finite differences. Dissolution and precipitation of all minerals in simulations presented in the current study are assumed to be kinetically controlled. Therefore the model can monitor changes in porosity and permeability during the simulation from changes in the volume of the fracture.
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Reactive geochemical transport modeling of CO2 in porous media
American Physical Society
In this study the modified Redlich-Kwong equation of state is used to develop a pressure-volume-temperature-composition (PVTx) model that predicts how temperature, pressure and salinity affect the solubility of the supercritical CO2 in brine and is subsequently employed to determine the density and rate of mineral trapping of CO2 in the form of precipitates. Rates of dissolution and precipitation of minerals are determined by taking into account the pH of the system, in addition to the…
In this study the modified Redlich-Kwong equation of state is used to develop a pressure-volume-temperature-composition (PVTx) model that predicts how temperature, pressure and salinity affect the solubility of the supercritical CO2 in brine and is subsequently employed to determine the density and rate of mineral trapping of CO2 in the form of precipitates. Rates of dissolution and precipitation of minerals are determined by taking into account the pH of the system, in addition to the consideration of the influence of temperature. This study also presents a model to simulate a reactive fluid within permeable porous media. Fluid convection, diffusion and chemical reactions inside a finite space are considered as a simplified representation of natural mineral trapping. The purpose of the current study is to show the time evolution of the aperture shrinkage caused by precipitation of calcite. Precipitation of calcite decreases the porosity and subsequently can change the permeability. Permeability of the porous media controls the path of aqueous CO2 migration; therefore the aperture width has a pivotal role on solubility and mineral trapping of injected CO2. The current model predicts the actual efficiency of the mineral trapping mechanism.
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Reactive Transport Modeling of CO2 in Deep Saline Aquifers
GRID - University of Maryland
Dissolution of CO2 into brine leads to the formation of carbonic acid that provides carbonate ions needed for the formation of mineral precipitates. This process of mineral trapping of CO2 is considered to be the most permanent form of sequestration. The objective of the current study is to provide a perspective on the progress made thus far towards the modeling of the solubility of CO2 in brine and the dependence of pH on the saturated mole fraction as a function of pressure, temperature and…
Dissolution of CO2 into brine leads to the formation of carbonic acid that provides carbonate ions needed for the formation of mineral precipitates. This process of mineral trapping of CO2 is considered to be the most permanent form of sequestration. The objective of the current study is to provide a perspective on the progress made thus far towards the modeling of the solubility of CO2 in brine and the dependence of pH on the saturated mole fraction as a function of pressure, temperature and salinity. The study is an attempt to facilitate the development of an integrated model for the prediction of the amount of CO2 that can be safely sequestered in saline aquifers.
Other authors -
Effects of CO2 Solubility on Density and Mineral Trapping in Saline Aquifers
American Geophysical Union
The Redlich-Kwong equation of state is used to develop a PVTx model that simulates appropriate reservoir conditions for the sequestration of CO2 injected into saline aquifers. The PVTx model is based on the fundamental properties of CO2 and predicts how temperature, pressure and salinity affect the solubility of supercritical CO2 in brine, the resulting density of the CO2-brine system, and the subsequent mineral trapping of CO2 in the form of precipitates. The model is validated with…
The Redlich-Kwong equation of state is used to develop a PVTx model that simulates appropriate reservoir conditions for the sequestration of CO2 injected into saline aquifers. The PVTx model is based on the fundamental properties of CO2 and predicts how temperature, pressure and salinity affect the solubility of supercritical CO2 in brine, the resulting density of the CO2-brine system, and the subsequent mineral trapping of CO2 in the form of precipitates. The model is validated with experimental data available in the literature. It is found that at low temperatures, the density of the ternary H2O-CO2-NaCl solution does not vary monotonically with pressure but displays a minimum which is proportional to salinity. At high temperatures, however, density increases monotonically with pressure. Increasing salinity tends to lower the solubility of CO2 in brine and limits the density increase. Similarly, the density of the H2O-CO2 solution has been found to behave like the density of the ternary H2O-CO2-NaCl solution in response to the change in pressure and temperature. The range of the respective values for the density of the ternary H2O-CO2-NaCl solution, however, is greater than the range of the respective values for the H2O-CO2 solution. We also present a model to find the dissolution and precipitation rates of the minerals by taking into account the pressure, temperature, salinity and pH of the system. This study also finds that both dissolution and precipitation rates of minerals increase with pressure and temperature. These results show good agreement with those obtained from experimental work reported in previously published studies. This study also validates earlier findings based on relatively less precise models, with respect to the increase in CO2 solubility at higher pressures and a decrease in solubility associated with increasing values of temperature and salinity.
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Effects of CO2 Solubility on Density and Mineral Trapping in Saline Aquifers
American Physical Society
A new model is proposed to find the density of saturated ternary solutions of H2O–CO2–NaCl and kinetics of corresponding chemical reactions in the temperature range of 50–100 °C and pressures up to 600 bar.
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Geological sequestration of carbon dioxide
American Chemical Society
In order to prevent CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere from rising to unacceptable levels, carbon dioxide is stored beneath ground surface by several methods. For example, CO2 can be trapped as a gas under a low-permeable cap rock or can dissolve into the ground water. CO2 can also react with minerals and organic matters into the brine and then precipitate. As time goes on, secure trapping mechanisms come into play. To satisfy this goal, mineral trapping is the most reliable method to store…
In order to prevent CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere from rising to unacceptable levels, carbon dioxide is stored beneath ground surface by several methods. For example, CO2 can be trapped as a gas under a low-permeable cap rock or can dissolve into the ground water. CO2 can also react with minerals and organic matters into the brine and then precipitate. As time goes on, secure trapping mechanisms come into play. To satisfy this goal, mineral trapping is the most reliable method to store CO2. By applying the thermodynamics of the process, the geological sequestration of CO2 can be optimized. For instance, increasing the temperature and CO2 pressure accelerates the dissolution and precipitation rates. The primary goal of this paper is to understand the behavior of carbon dioxide when stored in geologic formations. Another objective is to find how much CO2 will be stored at a specific period of time.
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Courses
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Machine Learning: Regression Machine Learning: Regression
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Convolutional Neural Networks
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Data Analysis for Life Sciences 1: Statistics and R
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Data Analysis for Life Sciences 2: Introduction to Linear Models and Matrix Algebra
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Data Analysis for Life Sciences 3: Statistical Inference and Modeling for High-throughput Experiments
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Data Analysis for Life Sciences 4: High-Dimensional Data Analysis
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Data Analysis for Life Sciences 5: Introduction to Bioconductor: Annotation and Analysis of Genomes and Genomic Assays
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Engineering Optimization
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Improving Deep Neural Networks: Hyperparameter tuning, Regularization and Optimization
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Introduction to Computer Science and Programming Using Python
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Machine Learning: Classification
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Machine Learning: Clustering & Retrieval
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Multidisciplinary Optimization
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Neural Networks and Deep Learning
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Numerical Computations
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Python 3
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Structuring Machine Learning Projects
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Sustainable Energy Production and Utilization
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TensorFlow
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Projects
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Designed a Renewable System: Sustainable Energy, Delft University of Technology
- Assessed energy use and the potential for energy reduction for transport, industry and buildings
- Calculated the potential attribution of different sources of renewable energy like wind, solar and biomass and how to integrate them in an energy system including nuclear energy and fossil fuels
- Designed a plan for a 100% sustainable energy system
- Analyzed energy systems and constructed the energy balance of a country: reading the energy balance of a country, factors determining…- Assessed energy use and the potential for energy reduction for transport, industry and buildings
- Calculated the potential attribution of different sources of renewable energy like wind, solar and biomass and how to integrate them in an energy system including nuclear energy and fossil fuels
- Designed a plan for a 100% sustainable energy system
- Analyzed energy systems and constructed the energy balance of a country: reading the energy balance of a country, factors determining the energy use, energy efficiency, trends and scenarios in the global energy use, future energy demand and supply
- Conducted exhaustive research studies to understand electricity markets, regulation, renewable energy policies, CO2 policies, energy efficiency policies and designed energy-proof markets
- Investigated wind energy: market analysis, wind energy resource, aerodynamics, power curve, energy yield, electrical aspects, future trends
- Assessed solar energy: status and prospects of PV technology, PV cell functionality, PV system components, inverts and MPPT, storage, central design, economics and policies for PV systems
- Investigated biomass energy: the current biomass market, processing technologies, pre-treatment, combustion and gasification, production of transportation fuels, bio-refineries and future prospects
- Conducted research on electricity power, demand side management and micro-grids, power electronics and control
- Evaluated forms of storage: electrical and chemical (hydrogen and solar fuels)
-
Designed a net zero energy building (simulation and data analysis), UMD, College Park, MD
- Incorporated renewable energy technologies (PV, geothermal, and wind turbines)
- Analyzed solar irradiance and statistical models to produce long-term solar energy production
- Modeled Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) in Revit MEP, Vapor Compression Cycle and Combined Heat and Power (CHP) in EES software
- Performed building energy use assessments and building simulations using software packages such as EnergyPluseQuest, EES, and EnergyPro
- Completed technical…- Incorporated renewable energy technologies (PV, geothermal, and wind turbines)
- Analyzed solar irradiance and statistical models to produce long-term solar energy production
- Modeled Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) in Revit MEP, Vapor Compression Cycle and Combined Heat and Power (CHP) in EES software
- Performed building energy use assessments and building simulations using software packages such as EnergyPluseQuest, EES, and EnergyPro
- Completed technical and financial analyses for the energy efficiency program
- Advanced skills in the design and engineering of HVAC and process plumbing systems, with a special interest in “green” and energy saving technologies
- QA/QC check for coordination among disciplines, code compliance and technical detailed review
- Conducted exhaustive research studies and managed many projects to improve efficiency and introduce costs saving measures
- Modeled nonlinear material in thermal- and fluid-structure interactions
- Investigated multi-level design optimization techniques for sustainable buildings
- Performed Statistical Process Control (SPC) and DOE techniques for renewable energies
- Analyzed energy conversion systems to provide higher energy efficiency and cost optimization
Honors & Awards
-
IAAP Scholarship Award - Ranked 1st
Iranian American Academics and Professionals, Washington DC
http://www.iaapdc.org/2014-student-scholarship-award-ceremony/
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First Place Award in Oral Presentation
Graduate Student Government, University of Maryland
http://www.enme.umd.edu/events/student-awards-ceremony-spring-2013
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First Place Award in Modeling and Simulation
University of Maryland
http://www.enme.umd.edu/sites/default/files/documents/grad-award-program_spring2014_FINAL.pdf
-
APS Opportunities in Energy Research Workshop Travel Grant
American Physical Society
http://www.enme.umd.edu/events/student-awards-ceremony-spring-2013
-
Best Poster Award in the Burgers Symposium Program for Fluid Dynamics
University of Maryland
http://www.enme.umd.edu/events/student-awards-ceremony-spring-2013
-
Fellowship Award
University of Maryland
-
Best Researcher, Ranked 1st in research
K. N. Toosi University of Technology
-
First Place Award of Concrete Competition
Concrete Institute & Education Center
Languages
-
English
Full professional proficiency
-
Persian (Farsi)
Native or bilingual proficiency
Organizations
-
Journal of Cleaner Production
Reviewer
- Present -
International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control
Reviewer
- Present -
Applied Energy
Reviewer
- Present -
Environmental Earth Sciences
Reviewer
- Present -
International Journal of Energy Research
Reviewer
- Present -
Advances in Water Resources
Reviewer
- Present -
Engineering Without Borders (EWB-USA)
Member
- Present -
The journal of Physical Chemistry
Reviewer
- Present -
Society of Petroleum Engineering
Member
- Present -
European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering
Reviewer
- Present -
Association of Energy Engineering (AEE)
Member
- Present -
American Society of Civil Engineering (ASCE)
Member
- Present -
American Chemistry Society (ACS)
Member
- Present -
American Physical Society (APS)
Member
- Present -
American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Member
- Present
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