Form 5: Chapter 21 (Linear Programming) SPM Practice Fully-Workerd Solutions

Paper 2 1 (a) The total mass of seafood is not less than 20 kg. The inequality is x + y 20.
x y 0 20 20 0

(c) If the restaurant buys 15 kg of squids, y = 15. From the graph, when y = 15, the minimum value of x = 5. Therefore, if the restaurant buys 15 kg of squids, the minimum mass of prawns it can buy is 5 kg. Total expenditure = 10x + 5y When x = 5 and y = 15, the total expenditure = 10(5) + 5(15) = RM125 Hence, the maximum amount of money that could remain from its allocation is RM250 RM125 = RM125. 2 (a) The total number of participants is at least 30. The inequality is x + y 30.
x 0 30 30 0

The mass of prawns is at most three times that of squids. The inequality is x 3y.
x y 0 0 30 10

The allocation is RM250. The inequality is 10x + 5y 250 2x + y 50

(b)
y 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 x 5 10 15 20 25 30 x = 3y x + y = 20

The number of Mathematics participants is at most twice that of Science. The inequality is y 2x.
2x + y = 50

x y

0 0

30 60

The expenditure for a Science participant and a Mathematics participant are RM80 and RM60 respectively. The maximum allocation is RM3600. The inequality is 80x + 60y 3600 4x + 3y 180.
x y 0 60 45 0

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(b)
60 50 40

y = 2x

For the constraint the number of footballs bought should exceed the number of volleyballs bought by at least 15, the inequality is y x 15.
x 0 15 40 55

x + y = 30

30 20 10
8
min (10, 20)

4x + 3y = 180

18 36 45 10 20 30 40 50 80x + 60y = 480 6

60

(b)
80 70

y y = 4x max (16, 64)

(c)

(i) When y = 12, from the graph, xmin = 18 and xmax = 36. Hence, when the number of Mathematics participants is 12, the minimum and maximum number of Science participants are 18 and 36 respectively. (ii) Cost = 80x + 60y Draw the straight line 80x + 60y = 480
x y 0 8 6 0

60
55

y x = 15

50 40 30 20
15

60

x+

80

x + y = 80
y= 48 00

10 O

10 20 25 30 40 50 60 70 80

(c)

(i) From the graph, if the number of volleyballs bought is 25 (x = 25), the range of the number of footballs bought is 40 y 55. (ii) Cost = 60x + 80y Draw the straight line 60x + 80y = 4800.
x y 0 60 80 0

For minimum cost, from the graph, xmin = 10 and ymin = 20. Hence, the minimum cost = 80x + 60y = 80(10) + 60(20) = RM2000 3 (a) For the constraint the total number of balls bought should not be more than 80, the inequality is x + y 80.
x y 0 80 80 0

From the graph, the optimal point is (16, 64). Hence, the maximum cost = 60(16) + 80(64) = RM6080 4 (a) The maximum time for the use of machine P is 12 hours: 60x + 20y 12 60 3x + y 36
x y 0 36 12 0 6 18

For the constraint the number of footballs bought should not be more than 4 times the number of volleyballs bought, the inequality is y 4x.
x y 0 0 20 80

(0, 36) is out of the graph paper. So, another point (6, 18) has to be determined.

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The use of machine Q is at least 8 hours: 30x + 40y 8 60 3x + 4y 48

5 (a)

I x + y 500
x y 0 500 400 100

II x 3y
x y 0 0 300 100

The ratio of the number of Premier pewter plates produced to the number of Royal pewter plates produced is at least 1 : 3. x 1 y 3 3x y y 3x
x y 0 0 6 18

III 5x + 3y 1500
x y 0 500 300 0

(b) (b)
18 16 y = 3x 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 O 2 4 6 8 10 12 R 3x + y = 36 300 250 R 200 3x + 4y = 48 x 14 16 50 O 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 x 150 100
x=3 y

y max (6, 18)

y 500 450 400 350

x +y = 500

10 = 1 0x + 40 14 0 0y

max (375, 125)

(c)

(i) From the graph, if y =12, xmax = 8 (ii) Profits = 100x + 140y Draw the straight line 100x +140y =1400
x y 0 10 14 0

(c)

(i) When x = 150, ymin = 250 (ii) Profits = 5x + 3y Draw the straight line 5x + 3y = 1500.
Already drawn in (b).

From the graph, the optimal point = (6, 18) Hence, the maximum profit = 100(6) +140(18) = RM3120

From the graph, the optimal point is (375, 125). Hence, the maximum profit = 5(375) + 3(125) = RM2250

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6 (a)

I x+y7
x y 0 7 7 0

(c)

(i) If x = 2, from the graph, ymin = 1 (ii) Number of members = 46x + 10y Draw the straight line 46x + 10y = 46.

II

x 3y 3y x
x y 0 0 6 2

x y

0 4.6

1 0

III 700x + 200y 3500 7x + 2y 35

Optimal point is (4, 3). Hence, the maximum number of members = 46(4) + 10(3) = 214

Not usable because the point is out of the graph paper.

(b)
y 7 x +y = 7 6 5 4.6 4 max (4, 3) R x = 3y 7x + 2y = 35

46 x + 10y = 46
1 2

3 2 1 O

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