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Database: MYSQL Tutorial

The document provides an overview of database concepts including: - A database is a structured collection of data designed for a specific purpose. It stores useful data and consists of files. - Structured Query Language (SQL) is used to query data from databases. The main types of SQL are DDL for defining structures, DML for changing data, DRL for retrieving data, and DCL for controlling user access. - Databases have different data types like integers, decimals, characters, and dates. Data definition languages like CREATE, ALTER, DROP are used to define database structures. Data manipulation languages like INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE are used to change data. - Databases use constraints, clauses

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sahitoAK87
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
112 views

Database: MYSQL Tutorial

The document provides an overview of database concepts including: - A database is a structured collection of data designed for a specific purpose. It stores useful data and consists of files. - Structured Query Language (SQL) is used to query data from databases. The main types of SQL are DDL for defining structures, DML for changing data, DRL for retrieving data, and DCL for controlling user access. - Databases have different data types like integers, decimals, characters, and dates. Data definition languages like CREATE, ALTER, DROP are used to define database structures. Data manipulation languages like INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE are used to change data. - Databases use constraints, clauses

Uploaded by

sahitoAK87
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DATABASE

MYSQL Tutorial
Database
 Coherent collection of data
 Designed, built and populated with data for a
specific purpose
 Stores useful data for us

 Collection of files
Database
 Structured Query Language
 Query refers to “ asking question”
 Structured refers to tables ,views or schemas
 Language is any type (MYSQL, SQL+ etc)
 Structured query language refers to querying
data from the databases.
Database
 Types of query languages

 Data Retrieval Language (DRL)


 Retrieve data from database
 Data Definition Language (DDL)
 To define the structures
 Data Manipulation Language (DML)
 To change data internally
 Data Control language (DCL)
 To control the access of user
Database
 Data Types
 Integer (integer values)
 Decimal (number with fraction)
 Char ( fixed length string)
 Varchar (variable length string)
 Date (display date)
DATA DEFINITION LANGUAGE
To define or describe the structures of database.

 CREATE (to create table)


 ALTER (to modify table )
 DROP (to delete table with data)
 RENAME (to change the name of table)
 TRUNCATE (to remove data from table)
DATA DEFINITION LANGUAGE
 CREATE

CREATE TABLE table name


(
column_name1 datatype ,
column_name2 datatype ,.......
)
CREATE TABLE emp
(
empid int,
Name varchar(20),
Fname varchar(20),
Age int
)
 ALTER (To add or modify the table)

ALTER TABLE table name


ADD
(
column_name1 datatype ,
column_name2 datatype ,.......
)
=> ALTER TABLE emp
ADD
(
sal int
);
 DROP (To drop table with its data )

=> DROP TABLE table name;

=> DROP TABLE emp;


 RENAME (To rename the existing table )

=> RENAME TABLE ( old name ) TO (new


name);

=> RENAME TABLE emp TO person;


 TRUNCATE (To remove data from table)

=> TRUNCATE TABLE (table name);

=> TRUNCATE TABLE emp;


DATA MANIPULATION LANGUAGE

Use to change data or records the internally.

 INSERT (to insert data in table)


 UPDATE (to modify data in table )
 DELETE (to delete data in table)
INSERT (To insert data in table)

=> INSERT INTO TABLE emp


SET
empid=101,
Name =‘Ali’,
Fname=‘Khalid’,
Age = 25;
UPDATE (to modify the record)

=> UPDATE emp


SET
Name =‘waseem’,
WHERE
empid= 101;
DELETE

DELETE FROM (table_name);

DELETE FROM emp;


DATA RETRIEVEL LANGUAGE

Use to retrieve data from


database.

 SELECT (to insert data in table)


(only one command in DRL)
SELECT

There are many faces of select


command.

1)- Global data extraction

SELECT * FROM emp;


2)- Specific data extraction

SELECT
empid,name
FROM emp;
DATA CONSTRAINTS
 Rules or checks define by users
 Strictly applied on database

 It restrict user from particular activities

 Placed either at table or column level


Primary Key

 Uniquely identify each row (record) in


a table.

 Consist of one or more column

 Must not be null

 Unique across the column


 Multicolumn
primary key is called
composite key

 Ex : NIC number
Example:

=> CREATE TABLE emp


(
empid int primary key,
Name varchar(20),
Fname varchar(20),
Age int
);
DEFAULT KEY

 Definea default value for a


particular column

 When user leave empty then this


default value is placed
Example:
=> CREATE TABLE emp
(
empid int,
Name varchar(20),
Fname varchar(20),
gender varchar(5) default ‘M’;
)
 NULL KEY

 To prevent from lack of data for a


particular column

 NULL placed in place of value

 NOT NULL is used to prevent null value


Example:
=> CREATE TABLE emp
(
empid int not null primary key,
Name varchar(20),
Fname varchar(20),
Age int
)
CLAUSES
 WHERE

 Extract or filter specific data from table

=> SELECT name,age


FROM emp
WHERE emid=12;
 DISTINCT CLAUSE

 To remove duplication of data in output.

Example:
=> SELECT DISTINCT name
FROM emp;
 ORDER BY CLAUSE

 To sort data in ascending order

Example:
=> SELECT name FROM emp
ORDER BY name;

=> SELECT * FROM emp


ORDER BY name;
AGREGATE FUNCTIONS
 Functions use to manipulate data
 Result in a single value
 Avg
 Min
 Max
 Sum
 Count
Example:
=> SELECT AVG(sal) FROM emp

=> SELECT MIN(sal) FROM emp

=> SELECT MAX(sal) FROM emp

=> SELECT SUM(sal) FROM emp

=> SELECT COUNT(sal) FROM emp


LOGICAL OPERATORS
 AND (all of must be included)

SELECT empid,name
FROM emp
WHERE empcity=‘karachi’
AND empgender=‘male’;
 OR (any of may be included)

=> SELECT empid,name


FROM emp
WHERE empcity=‘karachi’
OR empgender=‘male’;

=> SELECT empid,name


FROM emp
WHERE empcity=‘karachi’
AND
(empgender=‘male’ OR empdsg=‘manager’);
RANGE SEARECHING
Use when find record from specific range
- BETWEEN
SELECT empid,name
FROM emp
WHERE empsal
BETWEEN 10000 AND 20000
- NOT BETWEEN
SELECT empid,name
FROM emp
WHERE empsal
NOT BETWEEN 10000 AND 20000
- IN
SELECT empid,name
FROM emp
WHERE empsal
IN(10000,20000,30000)
NOT IN
SELECT empid,name
FROM emp
WHERE empsal
NOT IN(10000,20000,30000);
PATTERN MATCHING
 To match characters or string

 % match any string

 ( _ underscore) match single character

 LIKE predicate use for matching


 Example:

=> SELECT * FROM emp


WHERE name LIKE ‘_a%’;

=> SELECT * FROM emp


WHERE name LIKE ‘ka_s%’;

=> SELECT * FROM emp


WHERE name LIKE ‘ka_ _ _ _’;
ALIAS
 Temporary name or tag assign to column
or table
 AS operator use to assign alias

=> SELECT sal*10


AS increment
FROM salary;
INDEXES
 An ordered list of a column or group of
column
 Use for fast searching

 User cannot see indexes

 Used to speed up queries

 Single column is called “ simple index ”

 Multi column is called “composite index”


 Example :

=> CREATE INDEX emp_ndx


ON emp(name);

=> CREATE INDEX emp_ndx


ON emp(name,age);
End
 Questions?

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