Java basics

Presentation by: - ABH

What Java is
Java is an easy programming language,
Java works for internet project(mainly), and apply 3-tired architecture, coding on the server-side
So besides Java language knowledge, we need to learn lots of thing about telecommunication on WEB, to finish a real-time project.

What Java is(continue)

Java applies Object-Oriented Tech.
Java is not so difficulty, though OOP is. A java expert must be an OOP expert.

Java is slower than C++ ( 3-5 times), Javas database function is slower than VB. Java is very portable: cross-platform

Javas Features
Simple
Java omits many rarely used, poorly understood, confusing features of C++. Say : No Pointer! No dynamic delete.

Object Oriented
Object oriented design is a technology that focuses design on the data (object) and on the interfaces to it. Lets say, everything is an object, everything will become a class in Java. Every java program, in toplevel view, is classes.

Javas Features(continue)
Distributed Basically, Java is for Net-Work application, for WEB
project. Java can open and access objects across the Net via URLs (Uniform Resource Locator)----eg. http//:gamut.neiu.edu/~ylei/home.html, with the same ease as when accessing a local file system

Javas Features(continue)
Robust The single biggest difference between Java and C/C++ is that Java has a inner safe
pointer-model, therefore it eliminates the possibility of overwriting memory and corrupting data, so programmers feel very safe in coding.

Javas Features(continue)
GUI [Java-Swing]

For some reason, Sun believe their java-swing is very important, so they always put it in their certificate-tests.

Multi-threaded Secure [ Exception handling ] Dynamic [ for Server-side coding]

Javas cross-platform
Interpreted Execute: cross-platform
why: For cross-platform purpose. Once coding, run anywhere.
The Java interpreter ( java.exe and its javaVirtualMachine) can execute compiled Java-byte-codes(Xxx.class) directly on any machine to which the interpreter has been ported. How: ( eg. Dos command line style) - Edit source code demo.java , by notepad/or other IDE tools - Compile ( javac.exe ) demo.java javac Demo.java Java byte codes, namely, Demo.class - Execute (Interpreted Execute) java Demo Speed issue AND new solutions: java is slower than c++ in running. however, by now, there are some new technology of Java compiler, such as Just-in-time, and HotSpot adaptive Compiler. They make java very faster than before.

Ps: Compiler and Interpreters: Run in Physical CPU

1. Compilers use the traditional compile/link/run strategy. Examples: C, C++, ML. source [complie] native-files [link] nativeprogram [run] demo.c --- obj - demo.exe --Intel cpu

Demoh.h
2. Interpreters execute the source code directly. Examples: BASIC, Perl, TCL/Tk, ML.

source

[load]
source-program

[interpret run]
- Intel cpu

demo.perl - data

Standalone Java Program

The main() method public static void main(String args[]){ ... } public--- the interpreter can call it static ----It is a static method belonging to the class void -----It does not return a value String----It always has an array of String objects as its formal parameter. the array contains any arguments passed to the program on the command line the source files name must match the class name which main method is in

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

// Fig. 2.1: Welcome1.java // A first program in Java

public class Welcome1 { public static void main( String args[] ) { System.out.println( "Welcome to Java Programming!" );

8
9 }

Welcome to Java Programming!

Java program

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

// Fig. 2.1: Welcome1.java // A first program in Java

public class Welcome1 { public static void main( String args[] ) { System.out.println( "Welcome to Java Programming!" );

8
9 }

Java program

A Simple GUI Program: Printing a Line of Text

Display
Most Java applications use windows or a dialog box
We have used command window

Class JOptionPane allows us to use dialog boxes

Packages
Set of predefined classes for us to use Groups of related classes called packages
Group of all packages known as Java class library or Java applications programming interface (Java API)

JOptionPane is in the javax.swing package

Package has classes for using Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

// Fig. 2.6: Welcome4.java // Printing multiple lines in a dialog box import javax.swing.JOptionPane; // import class JOptionPane

public class Welcome4 { public static void main( String args[] ) { JOptionPane.showMessageDialog( null, "Welcome\nto\nJava\nProgramming!" );

System.exit( 0 ); }

// terminate the program

13 }

Packages
Like namespace in C++ How to use: C++: using namespace xxx Java: import xxx, or import xxx.xx

1 2 3 4

A Simple Java Applet: Drawing a String

<html> <applet code="WelcomeApplet.class" width=300 height=30> </applet> </html>

appletviewer only understands <applet> tags

Ignores everything else Minimal browser

Executing the applet

appletviewer WelcomeApplet.html Perform in directory containing .class file

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

// Fig. 3.6: WelcomeApplet.java // A first applet in Java import javax.swing.JApplet; import java.awt.Graphics; // import class JApplet // import class Graphics

import allows us to use predefined classes (allowing us to use applets and graphics, in this case).

public class WelcomeApplet extends JApplet { public void paint( Graphics g )

8
9

{ }

extends allows us to inherit the capabilities of class JApplet. Method paint is guaranteed to be called in all applets. Its first line must be defined as above.

g.drawString( "Welcome to Java Programming!", 25, 25 );

10
11 } 1 2 3 4

<html> </applet> </html>

<applet code="WelcomeApplet.class" width=300 height=30>

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

// Fig. 3.8: WelcomeApplet2.java // Displaying multiple strings import javax.swing.JApplet; import java.awt.Graphics; // import class JApplet // import class Graphics

public class WelcomeApplet2 extends JApplet { public void paint( Graphics g ) { g.drawString( "Welcome to", 25, 25 ); g.drawString( "Java Programming!", 25, 40 ); }

12 }

1 2 3 4

<html> <applet code="WelcomeApplet2.class" width=300 height=45> </applet> </html>

The two drawString statements simulate a newline. In fact, the concept of lines of text does not exist when drawing strings.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

// Displaying text and lines import javax.swing.JApplet; import java.awt.Graphics; // import class JApplet // import class Graphics

public class WelcomeLines extends JApplet { public void paint( Graphics g ) { g.drawLine( 15, 10, 210, 10 ); g.drawLine( 15, 30, 210, 30 ); g.drawString( "Welcome to Java Programming!", 25, 25 ); }

12 }

Draw horizontal lines with drawLine (endpoints have same y coordinate).

1 2 3 4 <html> <applet code="WelcomeLines.class" width=300 height=40> </applet> </html>