Polynomials

Definitions:
Monomial - An expression that is a number,
variable or a product of a number and one or more
variables with whole number exponents.
Coefficient - The numerical part of a monomial.
Constant - A monomial with no variable part.
Polynomial - A sum or difference of monomials.
Binomial - A polynomial with two terms.
Trinomial - A polynomial with three terms.
Standard Form - A polynomial written where its
terms are ordered from the greatest to the least
power of one of the variables.

Polynomials
Examples:
3

Monomial: -11, k, 4 mx4, 7p2f

Polynomial: 3x + 5 + 7x3 - 2x2

Binomial: 8n - n2
Trinomial: a2 - 4ab + 4b2
Standard Form - (from above)
7x3 - 2x2 + 3x + 5
Simplify the following polynomial
4k2 - 3k + 5k2

Combine the like terms

4k2 + 5k2 - 3k = 9k2 - 3k

Polynomials
Exercises:
Write each of the following in standard form.
1) 9x2 - 2x + 4 +3x3
2) -3 - 3x - 3x2

3) x2y2 - y3x
Simplify the following.
4) 9p - 4p
5) k2 +2k -3k - k3
6) 5x - 2xy + 3x + 4xy
7) (8h2-2h) + (3h2+5h)
8) (4a2b+8b) - (7a2b-3a)

9) (-2jk2+6jk) - (5jk2+3jk)

Multiplying Polynomials
Examples:
Simplify the following:
A) (5x)(7y) = (5)(7)(x)(y) = 35xy
B) (-2h)(4k) = (-2)(4)(h)(k) = -8hk
1
1
C) (- 3mn)(-12x) = (- 3 )(-12)(mn)(x) = 4mnx
D) (5e2)(-6e3) = (5)(-6)(e2)(e3) = (-30)(e2+3)=-30e5
E) (4m2n3)(-3mn4p) = (4)(-3)(m2)(m)(n3)(n4)(p)
= (-12)(m2+1)(n3+4)(p)
= -12m3n7p
F) (5k3)2 = (5)2(k3)2 = 25k(3)(2) = 25K6
G) (-3W5Y6)4 = (-3)4(W5)4(Y6)4

= 81(W(4)(5))(Y(6)(4))
= 81W20Y24

Multiplying Polynomials
Exercises:
Simplify the following.
1) (9e)(3f)
3) ( 1 a)(-16bc)
2
5) ( 2 y2)(- 2 y5)
5
3
7) (-2p5)4
9) (4a3b2c5)3

2) (-5x)(8y)
4) (12n4)(4n12)

6) (-2c5de2)(-3c2d4)
8) (0.6x3y)2

Polynomials - Homework
Write each polynomial in standard form.
1) 2 + x2 + 3x3

2) 3x3 + 2x4 + x + x2

3) y3 + 2xy2 - 3x2y - 5x3

4) xy4 + x2y2 + x3y

Simplify the following.

5) e2 - 4e - 2e2

6) -4n2 + 2n + 6n + 8n2

7) 14a + 9b - 11a - 3b

8) (1.5x + 2.7) + (3.1x - 4.9)

9) (12p +7) - (8p + 2)

10) -8hk + 10k + 3hk + 11hk

11) (-2a)(4b)

12) (2a5)(5b6)

13) (-abc)(abc)

14) (14hkn)(3.5hm)

15) (2ab)5

16)(2h3)3

17)(-5x2y)2

18) (m2n5)4

19) (m3)(m2)(m6)

20) (4hk)3(-h3k2)

21) 3m(2m + n)

22) 11x(2x - y)

23) 5x(3x + 2x2)

24) -d3(4d - 6d2)

25) 2x(10x2 - 7x + 13)

26) 9c(3c + c2 + 6c3)

27) -4e(3e2 + 5e -3)

28) 2a2b(3a + b)

29) -3(r3 - 2) + 9(r3 +7)

30) 5x(4x2 - 12) + 2x(7x2 - 11)

Multiplying Polynomials
Examples:
Simplify the following:
A) (5x)(7y) = (5)(7)(x)(y) = 35xy
B) (-2h)(4k) = (-2)(4)(h)(k) = -8hk
1
1
C) (- 3mn)(-12x) = (- 3 )(-12)(mn)(x) = 4mnx
D) (5e2)(-6e3) = (5)(-6)(e2)(e3) = (-30)(e2+3)=-30e5
E) (4m2n3)(-3mn4p) = (4)(-3)(m2)(m)(n3)(n4)(p)
= (-12)(m2+1)(n3+4)(p)
= -12m3n7p
F) (5k3)2 = (5)2(k3)2 = 25k(3)(2) = 25K6
G) (-3W5Y6)4 = (-3)4(W5)4(Y6)4

= 81(W(4)(5))(Y(6)(4))
= 81W20Y24

Multiplying Polynomials
Exercises:
Simplify the following.
1) (9e)(3f)
3) ( 1 a)(-16bc)
2
5) ( 2 y2)(- 2 y5)
5
3
7) (-2p5)4
9) (4a3b2c5)3

2) (-5x)(8y)
4) (12n4)(4n12)

6) (-2c5de2)(-3c2d4)
8) (0.6x3y)2

Multiplying Polynomials - Homework

Simplify the following.
1) 3m(2m + n)

2) 11x(2x - y)

3) 5x(3x + 2x2)

4) -d3(4d - 6d2)

5) 2x(10x2 - 7x + 13)

6) 9c(3c + c2 + 6c3)

7) -4e(3e2 + 5e -3)

8) 2a2b(3a + b)

9) -3(r3 - 2) + 9(r3 +7)

10) 5x(4x2 - 12) + 2x(7x2 - 11)

Dividing Polynomials
Remember the Quotient Rule:
am am n
an
Examples:
Simplify the following:

12mn 3 4 m n 4n
9m
3 3 m
3
8n 12 8n 12 2n 3
4
4 4
9x4 12x3 15x2 9x4 12x3 15x2 3x2 4x 5
3x2
3x2 3x2 3x2

3a2b 9ab2 3a2b 9ab2 a 3b

3ab
3ab 3ab

Dividing Polynomials
Exercises:
2

8x
1)
2x
12a 6
2)
12a 4
20 y 3
3)
3
14 y
16 p 2 q
4)
4p
150 x y
5)
10 x 2 y
3

42a 2bc3
6)
14abc3

Multiplying Monomials
and Polynomials
Examples:

Simplify the following:

5n(2n - 3) = (5n)(2n) - (5n)(3) = 10n2 - 15n
-6k(-k2+2k+5) = (-6k)(-k2)+(-6k)(2k)+(-6k)(5)
= 6k3 + (-12k2) + (-30k)
= 6k3 - 12k2 - 30k
4(x2 + xy) - 3(x2 - xy) =

= (4)(x2) + (4)(xy) + (-3)(x2) + (-3)(-xy)

= 4x2 + 4xy + (-3x2) + 3xy
= x2 + 7xy
7m(2m - 4) + 2m(2m - 4) =
= (7m)(2m) + (7m)(-4) + (2m)(2m) + (2m)(-4)
= 14m2 + (-28m) + 4m2 + (-8m)
= 18m2 + (-36m) = 18m2 - 36m

Multiplying Monomials
and Polynomials
Exercises:
Simplify the following.
1) 6x(x +4)

2) 2n(8 - n2)

3) 12k3(k2 + k4 + 3)

4) -5c5(7c2 - 2c + 11)

5) -4p(p2 - 2p + 5)

6) 4xy(x2 - 3y)

7) -a2b(3b + 4a4)
8) 5(2x2 + xy) + 4(x2 - 3xy)
9) 14a(7a - 6) - 11a(7a - 6)

Multiplying Binomials
Examples:
Simplify the following.
(x + 3)(x + 7) = (x)(x) + (x)(7) + (3)(x) + (3)(7)
= (x2) + (7x) + (3x) + 21

= x2 + 10x + 21
(k - 9)2 = (k - 9)(k - 9)
= (k)(k) + (k)(-9) + (-9)(k) + (-9)(-9)
= (k2) + (-9k) + (-9k) + (81)
= k2 - 18k + 81
5(n + 3)(n - 4) = [(5)(n) + (5)(3)](n - 4)
= (5n + 15)(n - 4)

= (5n)(n) + (-4)(5n) + (15)(n) + (15)(-4)

= (5n2) + (-20n) + (15n) + (-60)
= 5n2 - 5n -60

Multiplying Binomials
Exercises:
Simplify the following.
1) (x+2)(x + 5)

2) (n - 7)(n + 3)

3) (p - 6)(p + 6)

4) (h-4)2

5) (y + 12)(y + 11)

6) (b + 4)2

7) (p + 14)(p - 3)

8)(n - 9)2

9) 4(y + 3) + 3(y + 4)(y - 1)

10) -2(t - 4)(t + 7) + 9(t + 3)(t - 8)

Dividing Polynomials
Homework:
9h 21
3
15a 2 10a
2)
5a
21n3 35n 2
3)
7 n
4 xyz 2 4 yz 2
4)
yz 2

1)

36c 6 30c 5 54c 3

5)
6c 3
12 x 5 8 x 4 64 x 3
6)
8 x 3
45a 2b3 18a 3b 4 9ab 2
7)
9ab
12m3n 4 20m 4 n3 32mn 2
8)
4mn 2
3 x 2 yz 4 xy 2 z 2 xyz 2 xyz
9)
xyz
12ab 21a 2b 27 ab 2 6a 2b 2
10)
3ab

Multiplying Binomials
Homework:
1) (a +3)(a + 2)

2) (p - 3)(p + 1)

3) (k + 6)2

4) (c + 5)(c - 6)

5) (6 + x)(6 - x)

6) (2p + 10)(5p -6)

7) (20 + x)(-4 + x)

8) (4k + 4)2

9) (5c + 1)(5c -1)

10) (6x + 5)(5x + 6)

Multiplying Monomials
and Polynomials
Examples:

Simplify the following:

5n(2n - 3) = (5n)(2n) - (5n)(3) = 10n2 - 15n
-6k(-k2+2k+5) = (-6k)(-k2)+(-6k)(2k)+(-6k)(5)
= 6k3 + (-12k2) + (-30k)
= 6k3 - 12k2 - 30k
4(x2 + xy) - 3(x2 - xy) =

= (4)(x2) + (4)(xy) + (-3)(x2) + (-3)(-xy)

= 4x2 + 4xy + (-3x2) + 3xy
= x2 + 7xy
7m(2m - 4) + 2m(2m - 4) =
= (7m)(2m) + (7m)(-4) + (2m)(2m) + (2m)(-4)
= 14m2 + (-28m) + 4m2 + (-8m)
= 18m2 + (-36m) = 18m2 - 36m

Multiplying Monomials
and Polynomials
Exercises:
Simplify the following.
1) 6x(x +4)

2) 2n(8 - n2)

3) 12k3(k2 + k4 + 3)

4) -5c5(7c2 - 2c + 11)

5) -4p(p2 - 2p + 5)

6) 4xy(x2 - 3y)

7) -a2b(3b + 4a4)
8) 5(2x2 + xy) + 4(x2 - 3xy)
9) 14a(7a - 6) - 11a(7a - 6)

Multiplying Binomials
Examples:
Simplify the following.
(x + 3)(x + 7) = (x)(x) + (x)(7) + (3)(x) + (3)(7)
= (x2) + (7x) + (3x) + 21

= x2 + 10x + 21
(k - 9)2 = (k - 9)(k - 9)
= (k)(k) + (k)(-9) + (-9)(k) + (-9)(-9)
= (k2) + (-9k) + (-9k) + (81)
= k2 - 18k + 81
5(n + 3)(n - 4) = [(5)(n) + (5)(3)](n - 4)
= (5n + 15)(n - 4)

= (5n)(n) + (-4)(5n) + (15)(n) + (15)(-4)

= (5n2) + (-20n) + (15n) + (-60)
= 5n2 - 5n -60

Multiplying Binomials
Exercises:
Simplify the following.
1) (x+2)(x + 5)

2) (n - 7)(n + 3)

3) (p - 6)(p + 6)

4) (h-4)2

5) (y + 12)(y + 11)

6) (b + 4)2

7) (p + 14)(p - 3)

8)(n - 9)2

9) 4(y + 3) + 3(y + 4)(y - 1)

10) -2(t - 4)(t + 7) + 9(t + 3)(t - 8)

Multiplying Binomials
Homework:
1) (a +3)(a + 2)

2) (p - 3)(p + 1)

3) (k + 6)2

4) (c + 5)(c - 6)

5) (6 + x)(6 - x)

6) (2p + 10)(5p -6)

7) (20 + x)(-4 + x)

8) (4k + 4)2

9) (5c + 1)(5c -1)

10) (6x + 5)(5x + 6)