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09 Sound

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36 views11 pages

09 Sound

Uploaded by

api-235269401
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
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Sound

Sound waves are examples of longitudinal


waves & need a medium like air through
which to travel. There must be vibration to
produce a sound.

The amplitude determines the loudness &
together with frequency, determines what we
perceive.

The frequency & amplitude of notes may be
the same, but the wave forms may differ & this
determines the quality (or tone) of the note.
1
Sound & pitch
A bass note has a low pitch, while a treble note
has a high pitch and thus a high frequency.

The higher the frequency the higher the pitch.

Consider the tone (sound quality) produced by
the various instruments on the next slide.

If you were blindfolded, could you distinguish
between the different instruments?
Sounds from different instruments
2
Sounds - formed from vibrations
The following pieces of apparatus produce sounds
as a result of vibrations:
guitar
trumpet
Ethnic drum
Snare drum
Loud speaker Grand piano violin
Different instruments
3
Producing sounds
Energy is needed to make a
sound.
When tapped against a wall, the
arms of a tuning fork will vibrate
at a constant rate and produce
a certain sound called a note.
Now touch the surface of water
in a glass with the vibrating
tuning fork. What happens?
Sound cant travel in a vacuum
since there are no particles to
vibrate.
Tuning fork
used to
tune pianos
wall
Using a tuning fork
Sound requires a material medium
to be transmitted
4
Tuning forks
and the waves
they produce.
Sounds
5
Measuring the speed of sound
Sound travels quite quickly, but not nearly as quickly as
the speed of light. speed = distance/time
Consider thunder and lightning.
We see the lightning long before we hear the thunder
depending how far away the lightning strikes.
Sound travels at 340 m.s
-1
in air, whereas light travels
at 300 000 000 m.s
-1
.
If you hear the thunder 5 s after
seeing the lightning, how far
away did the lightning strike?
Speed of sound
6
Factors affecting the speed of sound
Temperature and different types of mediums affect
the speed of sound.
Medium Speed of sound
Air (20
0
C) 340 m.s
-1
Air (-50
0
C) 290 m.s
-1
CO
2
(20
0
C) 280 m.s
-1
Water 1480 m.s
-1
Rock 5400 m.s
-1
Steel 6000 m.s
-1
The more
tightly
packed the
particles the
better &
quicker the
transmission
of sound
through the
medium.
Gas
Liquid
Solid
Sound in air
7
Ultrasound
People can usually hear sounds that have
frequencies between 15 Hz and 15 kHz.

Many animals can hear sounds above these
frequencies.

Frequencies between 20 kHz and 100 kHz are
called ultrasounds and these have uses in
medicine (checking a foetus in the womb) and
also in echolocation (detecting fish &
submarines).
Check your own hearing
8
Sonar
Find out how this
works and then
discuss with one
another.
How sonar works
Dolphins & whales
9
Bats use echoes


Discuss how bats use
echoes for navigation
and for finding food.
Bat hunting a moth
10
Ultrasound scanning
Ultrasound scanning is used in medicine so that doctors
can see images of internal parts of the body.
Here it is being used to
check the development of a
baby in the mothers womb.
All looks fine dont you
think?
It is also used to look at
heart problems & digestive
organs.
Baby developing in the womb
11

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