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Integrals of Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

1) The document provides guidelines for integrating exponential and logarithmic functions including using appropriate rules, finding similar integration formulas using u-substitution, and using algebraic techniques or a calculator if needed. 2) Rules for integrating powers, natural logarithms, and exponentials are presented along with examples of applying these rules. 3) Four examples integrate functions using u-substitution, logarithm rules, and polynomial long division.

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Evelynn Lynn
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231 views11 pages

Integrals of Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

1) The document provides guidelines for integrating exponential and logarithmic functions including using appropriate rules, finding similar integration formulas using u-substitution, and using algebraic techniques or a calculator if needed. 2) Rules for integrating powers, natural logarithms, and exponentials are presented along with examples of applying these rules. 3) Four examples integrate functions using u-substitution, logarithm rules, and polynomial long division.

Uploaded by

Evelynn Lynn
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
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Integrals of Exponential and

Logarithmic Functions

Integration Guidelines
1. Learn your rules (Power rule, trig rules, log
rules, etc.).
2. Find an integration formula that resembles
the integral you are trying to solve (usubstitution should accomplish this goal).
3. If u-substitution does not work, you may
need to alter the integrand (long division,
factor, multiply by the conjugate, separate
the fraction, or other algebraic techniques).
4. When all else fails, use your TI-89.

Power Rule for Integrals

x
dx

1
n 1

n 1

for n -1
The power rule is not valid for n = -1 because:

x
dx

1
11

11

x0
0

(meaningless)

Derivative and Antiderivatives that Deal


with the Natural Log
However, we know the following to be true:

1
d
ln
x

dx
x
This shows that ln x is an antiderivative of 1/x.
Or:

dx
x
dx

ln
x

x
1

But, thus formula is only valid for x>0 (where ln x is defined). How
can we have an antiderivative on its full domain?

Indefinite Integral of y = 1/x


If x 0, then

dx

ln
x

C
x
This is valid because we proved the
following result:
g ' x
d
ln g ( x)
dx
g x

Derivative and Antiderivatives that Deal


with the Exponentials
We know the following to be true:
d
dx
1 d
ln a dx

Solve
for ax:
d
dx

1
ln a

a ln a a
x
x
a a

(Constant Rule in
reverse)

This shows the antiderivative of ax :

a
dx

1
ln a

As long as a>0 (where ln a is defined), this antiderivative satisfies


all values of x.

Indefinite Integral of Exponentials


If a > 0, then

a
dx

1
ln a

If a = e, then

e
dx

Example 1
Find

xe

3 x 2 1

Define u and du:

dx .

u 3x 2 1

du 6x dx
1
6 x du dx

Substitute to replace EVERY x and dx:

xe

3 x 1

dx xe dx

xeu

Substitute
back to Leave
your answer in
terms of x.

Solve
for dx

1
6

1
6x

du

u
e
du

Integrate.

16 eu C

16 e

3 x 2 1

Example 2
Find

dx
x ln x

Define u and du:

for x>1.

u ln x

Substitute to replace EVERY x and dx:

dx
x u
x du

x u
du

u
ln u C

dx

x ln x

Substitute
back to Leave
your answer in
terms of x.

du 1x dx
x du dx
Solve
for dx

Integrate.

ln ln x C ln ln x C

Example 3
Find

x3
.
dx
2
x 5x 6

Do not forget about all of your old techniques

x3
dx
2
x 5x 6

x3
x 3 x 2 dx
1

dx u x 2 du dx
x2
1
du
u
ln u C ln x 2 C

Example 4
Find

x 2 x 2
x 3

dx

Perform
Polynomial
Division.

Thus:

Rm

x2

2x

-3

-3x

-6

x 2 x 2
x 3

dx x 2 dx x43 dx
12 x 2 2 x C 4 x13 dx

12 x 2 2 x 4ln x 3 C

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