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Cheat Sheet

This document summarizes the results of various solubility and chemical tests performed on different classes of organic compounds including hydrocarbons, alcohols, phenols, carboxylic acids, esters, aldehydes and ketones, and amines. For each compound tested, the observations such as color changes or precipitate formations are recorded. The tests help identify the compounds based on their reactions. An analysis of an unknown organic compound is outlined involving preliminary examination, determination of physical properties, identification of solubility class, elemental analysis, and functional group tests using various solvents and reagents.

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Mariel Tagaza
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592 views2 pages

Cheat Sheet

This document summarizes the results of various solubility and chemical tests performed on different classes of organic compounds including hydrocarbons, alcohols, phenols, carboxylic acids, esters, aldehydes and ketones, and amines. For each compound tested, the observations such as color changes or precipitate formations are recorded. The tests help identify the compounds based on their reactions. An analysis of an unknown organic compound is outlined involving preliminary examination, determination of physical properties, identification of solubility class, elemental analysis, and functional group tests using various solvents and reagents.

Uploaded by

Mariel Tagaza
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
Download as docx, pdf, or txt
Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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Solubility Test

Acetone

Benzaldehy
de

Yelloworange
ppt^
Yelloworange
ppt^

Benzophen
one
Formalin

Purple
soln

Yellow
crystals

Brown
ppt

Blue
soln

NVR

Purple
Soln
Brown
ppt

Brick
red ppt

Clear
soln

Ethyl
Acetate
Ethanol

Yellow
soln
Yellow
soln
Iodoform test : 5d 10%NaOH + dw I2 in KI + dw 10%
NaOH ^

Phenols and Carboxylic Acids

Phenol

Hydrocarbons

+1d Br2 light


(+
decolorization)
+1d Br2 dark
(+
decolorization)
+2d KMnO4
(+
decolorization,
brown
precipitate)
combustion

Hexane
+
colorles
s

Limonene
+
colorless

+
colorless

+
Reddishbrown
w/ppt

yellow

Sooty

Slightly
sooty

+ 1d
KMnO4

+I2 in KI

+ AlCl3 + 2d
RCl
( + orange
crystal)
Alcohols

+2mL HCl,
ZnCl2*
Acetone
Ethanol

NVR

Isopropy 3 o (emulsion
l Alcohol
after heating)
T-butyl
2o
Alcohol
(immediate)
Benzyl
1o
Alcohol
(immediate)
Aldehydes and Ketones

2,4 DNPH

Yellow
Soln

Phenol

KMnO4

Benedic
ts
Reagent

Acetic
Acid
Nitrophen
ol
Picric
Acid
Benzoic
Acid

KMnO4

5% NaHCO3

Colorless
soln w/
brown ppt
NVR

NVR

Effervescen
ce
Soluble

p
H
6

2
3
2

Soluble w/
effervescen
ce

Complexation

Yellow
crystals
Yellow
crystals
Yellow
crystals
NVR

NVR

Acetic Acid

Benzene

+dbd Br2 in
H2O
White ppt/
cloudy
white soln

Iodofor
m test

Nitrophen
ol
Bromophe
nol
B-nephthol
Acetic Acid

+ 1d FeCl3
Blue-violet
soln
Red-violet
soln
Green soln

Red orange
+2d 2%NaOH +dw
soln
HOac
Benzoic
Flesh-colored
+ 3d H2O^ +
Acid
ppt
NH4OH^
Carboxylic Acids and derivatives
Hydroxamic Acid
Reagent
Ethyl
Magenta-colored
acetate
complex
Ethanol
NVR
+ 1d ether + 1d al NH2OH-HCl + 1d al KOH^ +al HCl + 1d
FeCl3

+ EtOH, CH3COOH,
conc. H2SO4 ^
+EtOH, benzoyl
chloride *

Esters
+ HCl
Sour smell

Carboxylic Acid
Plastic balloon-like
smell

Acyl Halide

Rubber-like smell

Acetic Anhydride
+H2O
Sour smell

Amides
+NaOH, heat
Pungent smell

Frances Abygail F. Genio


2013-63390

Amines

Analysis of An Unknown Organic Compound

Aniline

5d
Benzenesulfony
l chloride with
NaOH
Dissolved

Diethyl
amine

Two layers
(yellow residue)

Triethyl
amine

Two layers
(Yellow Residue)

Primary
Primary
Hinsberg
Hinsberg
's
Test
est
's T

Seconda
Seconda
ry
ry
T
ertiary
Tertiary

5 % HCl
Supernate

residue

Cloudy-white
ppt
Cloudy-white
ppt
Clear soln

Cloudy-white
ppt
Yellow
residue w/
clear soln
Yellow
residue w/
clear soln

Soluble
Soluble
+NaOH
Insolubl
Insolubl
e
e

Insolubl
Insolubl
e
e
+HCl
Insolubl
Insolubl
e
e

Insolubl
Insolubl
e
e

Soluble
Soluble

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Preliminary Examination (physical appearance)


Determination of Physical Properties (Ignition and
Melting Point)
Identification of solubility class
Elemental Analysis
Functional Group Test
>Ethyl alcohol good solvent except for alcohol
>other solvents : diethyl ether, chloroform, toluene,
hexane, and benzene
>control test and blank test

*stopper and shake vigorously


^heat for results/ warm bath

Frances Abygail F. Genio


2013-63390

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