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Determining and Formulating Goals

The document discusses guiding principles for determining and formulating learning objectives. It states that objectives should 1) focus the lesson by defining what will be taught, 2) be shared with students so they have ownership, 3) target knowledge, skills, and attitudes, 4) be significant and relevant to students' lives, 5) align with educational aims, 6) develop critical thinking, and 7) be specific, measurable, attainable, results-oriented, relevant and time-bound (SMART) for accountability of learning. Following these principles leads to clear, focused objectives that develop students and allow assessment of learning.

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MokaHanaMatsu
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10K views

Determining and Formulating Goals

The document discusses guiding principles for determining and formulating learning objectives. It states that objectives should 1) focus the lesson by defining what will be taught, 2) be shared with students so they have ownership, 3) target knowledge, skills, and attitudes, 4) be significant and relevant to students' lives, 5) align with educational aims, 6) develop critical thinking, and 7) be specific, measurable, attainable, results-oriented, relevant and time-bound (SMART) for accountability of learning. Following these principles leads to clear, focused objectives that develop students and allow assessment of learning.

Uploaded by

MokaHanaMatsu
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Determining and Formulating Goals/Objectives

Guiding Principles in Determining and Formulating Learning Objectives

1. Begins with the end in mind. In the context of teaching, this means that we must begin our
lesson with a clearly defined lesson objective. With a clear and specific lesson objective
we will have a sense of direction. With a definite lesson objective in mind, we do not
lose sight of what we intend to teach. With a specific objective, our lesson becomes
more focused. We do not waste nor kill time for we are sure of what to teach, how to
teach, what materials to use.

2. Share lesson objective with students. Make your students own the lesson objective. Like
for example a seminar, it begins with the statement of purpose, our lesson ought to begin
with a statement and clarification of the lesson objective.

3. Lesson objectives must be in the two or three domains – knowledge (cognitive), skill
(psychomotor) and values (affective). Dominantly cognitive if it is primarily for
knowledge acquisition dominantly psychomotor if it is intend for the acquisition and
honing of skills. Lesson objective in the affective domain are mainly focused on the
attitude and value formation. A cognitive or a skill lesson must always include the
affective dimension for wholistic learning.

4. Work on significant and relevant lesson objectives. Our lesson objectives must be
connected to our student’s life experiences. With our lesson objective becoming our
students’ lesson objective, too, our students will be moiré propelled as we teach. The
level of their self-motivation all the more increases when our lesson objective is relevant
to their daily life, hence, significant.

5. Lesson objective must be aligned with the aims of education as embodied in the
Philippine Constitution and other laws and in the vision-mission statements of the
educational institution of which are a part. Our lesson objective must flow from the
aims of education enshrined in the Philippine Constitution and the vision-mission
statements of school.

6. Aim at the development of the critical and creative thinking. Most questions asked
whether oral or written are convergent, low-level questions. But, if we want to
contribute to the development of citizens who are critical and creative thinking, the type
of citizens needed to make democracy, then we should include in our scope of questions
high-level, convergent, or open-ended questions.
7. For accountability of learning, lesson objectives must be SMART, i.e. Specific,
Measurable, Attainable, Result oriented and Relevant Time-bound and Terminal.
When our lesson objective is SMART it is quite easy to find out at the end of our lesson
if we attained our objective or not. It will also be easier on our part to formulate a test
that is valid to measure the attainment of our lesson objective.

In short, SMART objectives increase our accountability for the learning of our students.
With SMART objectives we depart from the unsound practice of teaching that is so
spread out that in the end we find ourselves unclear on what test we are going to give
With SMART lesson objectives, there is greater match between instruction and
assessment. There is curriculum alignment.

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