COMPUTER

GRAPHICS
Lab Manual

By-
Raj Ankur Singh
S.No. Practical Date
PRACTICAL 1
Write a program in C to implement DDA Algorithm.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<dos.h>
#include<math.h>
main()
{
float x,y,x1,y1,x2,y2,dx,dy,length;
int gm,gd=DETECT,i;
printf("enter the value of x1:\t");
scanf("%f",&x1);
printf("enter the value of y1:\t");
scanf("%f",&y1);
printf("enter the value of x2:\t");
scanf("%f",&x2);
printf("enter the value of y2:\t");
scanf("%f",&y2);
detectgraph(&gd,&gm);
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\tc\\bgi");
dx=ab s(x2-x1);
dy=abs(y2-y1);
if(dx>=dy)
{
length=dx;
}
else
{
length=dy;
}
 dx=(x2-x1)/length;
dy=(y2-y1)/length;
x=x1+0.5;
y=y1+0.5;
i=1;
while(i<=length)
{
putpixel(x,y,15);
x=x+dx;
y=y+dy;
i=i+1;
delay(100);
}
getch();
closegraph();
}
Output
PRACTICAL 2
Write a program in C to implement Bresenham’s Line Drawing Algorithm.

#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<dos.h>
#include<math.h>
main()
{
clrscr();
float x1,y1,x2,y2,dx,dy,p;
int gm,gd=DETECT,i=1;
printf("Enter The Value of x1:");
scanf("%f",&x1);
printf("Enter The Value of y1: ");
scanf("%f",&y1);
printf("Enter The Value of x2: ");
scanf("%f",&x2);
printf("Enter The Value of y2: ");
scanf("%f",&y2);
detectgraph(&gd,&gm);
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\tc\\bgi");
dx=abs(x2-x1);
dy=abs(y2-y1);
p=((2*dy)-dx);
while(i<=dx)
{
putpixel(x1,x2,15);
if(p<0)
{
++x1;
 p=p+(2*dy);
}
else
{
++x1;
++y1;
p=p+(2*dy)-(2*dx);
}

i=i+1;
delay(100);
}
getch();
closegraph();
}
Output
PRACTICAL 3
Write a program in C to implement Mid-Point Circle Algorithm.
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<dos.h>
#include<math.h>
main()
{ float x,y,r,p;
int gm,gd=DETECT;
printf("Enter the radius: ");
scanf("%f",&r);
x=0;
y=r;
detectgraph(&gd,&gm);
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\tc\\bgi");
p=1-r;
do
{
putpixel(200+x,200+y,15);
putpixel(200+y,200+x,15);
putpixel(200+x,200-y,15);
putpixel(200+y,200-x,15);
putpixel(200-x,200-y,15);
putpixel(200-y,200-x,15);
putpixel(200-x,200+y,15);
putpixel(200-y,200+x,15);

if(p<0)
{
++x;
p=p+(2*x)+1;
 }
else
{
++x;
--y;
p=p+(2*x)-(2*y)+1;
}
delay(100);
}while(x<y);
getch();
closegraph();
}
Output
PRACTICAL 4

Write a program in C to implement Bresenham’s Line Drawing Algorithm to

rasterize the line.

#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<dos.h>
#include<math.h>
main()
{
clrscr();
float x1,y1,x2,y2,x,y,dx,dy,e;
int gm,gd=DETECT,i=1;
printf("Enter The Value of x1:");
scanf("%f",&x1);
printf("Enter The Value of y1: ");
scanf("%f",&y1);
printf("Enter The Value of x2: ");
scanf("%f",&x2);
printf("Enter The Value of y2: ");
scanf("%f",&y2);
detectgraph(&gd,&gm);
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\tc\\bgi");
dx=abs(x2-x1);
dy=abs(y2-y1);
e=((2*dy)-dx);
x=x1;
y=y1;
while(i<=dx)
 {
putpixel(x,y,15);
while(e>=0)
{
++y;
e=e-(2*dx);
}
++x;
e=e+(2*dy);
i=i+1;
}
getch();
closegraph();
}
Output
PRACTICAL 5
Write a program in C to implement Mid-Point Ellipse Algorithm.
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<dos.h>
#include<graphics.h>
void main()
{ int gm,gd=DETECT;
int Rx,Ry,P10,x,y,a,b,P20;
printf("Enter Value of Rx and Ry: ");
scanf("%d %d",&Rx,&Ry);
x=0;
y=Ry;
detectgraph(&gd,&gm);
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\tc\\bgi");
P10=(Ry*Ry)-(Rx*Rx)-(Rx*Rx*Ry)+(0.25*Rx*Rx);
do
{
putpixel(200+x,200+y,15);
putpixel(200+x,200-y,15);
putpixel(200-x,200+y,15);
putpixel(200-x,200-y,15);
a=(2*Ry*Ry*x)+(2*Ry*Ry);
b=(2*Rx*Rx*y)+(2*Rx*Rx);
if(P10<0)
{
x++;
P10=P10+a+(Ry*Ry);
}
else
{
 x++;
y--;
P10=P10+a+(Ry*Ry)-b;
}
delay(100);
}while(a>b);
P20=((Ry*Ry)*((x+0.5)*(x+0.5)))+((Rx*Rx)*((y-1)*(y-1)))-((Rx*Rx)*(Ry*Ry));
a=(2*Ry*Ry*x)+(2*Ry*Ry);
b=(2*Rx*Rx*y)+(2*Rx*Rx);
do
{
putpixel(200+x,200+y,15);
putpixel(200+x,200-y,15);
putpixel(200-x,200+y,15);
putpixel(200-x,200-y,15);
a=(2*Ry*Ry*x)+(2*Ry*Ry);
b=(2*Rx*Rx*y)+(2*Rx*Rx);
if(P20>0)
{
y--;
P20=P20-b+(Rx*Rx);
}
else
{
x++;
y--;
P20=P20-b+a+(Rx*Rx);
}
delay(100);
}while(y>0);
getch();
closegraph();
}
Output
PRACTICAL 6
Write a program in C to perform translation on a triangle.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<process.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT, gm,ch;
int x1,x2,x3,y1,y2,y3,tx,ty;
printf("Enter coordinates of the triangle: ");
scanf("%d%d%d%d%d%d",&x1,&y1,&x2,&y2,&x3,&y3);
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\tc\\bgi");
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
line(x2,y2,x3,y3);
line(x3,y3,x1,y1);
printf("Enter the translation factors: ");
scanf("%d%d",&tx,&ty);
x1=x1+tx;
y1=y1+ty;
x2=x2+tx;
y2=y2+ty;
x3=x3+tx;
y3=y3+ty;
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
line(x2,y2,x3,y3);
line(x3,y3,x1,y1);
getche();
closegraph();
}
Output

Enter the translation factors: 45 78

PRACTICAL 7
Write a program in C to perform rotation on a triangle.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<process.h>
void main()
{ int gd=DETECT, gm,ch;
int x1,x2,x3,y1,y2,y3,tx,ty;
float rangle;
printf("Enter coordinates of the triangle: ");
scanf("%d%d%d%d%d%d",&x1,&y1,&x2,&y2,&x3,&y3);
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\tc\\bgi");
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
line(x2,y2,x3,y3);
line(x3,y3,x1,y1);
printf("Enter the rotation angle:");
scanf("%f",&rangle);
rangle=(rangle*3.14)/180;
x1=x1*cos(rangle)-y1*sin(rangle);
y1=x1*sin(rangle)+y1*cos(rangle);
x2=x2*cos(rangle)-y2*sin(rangle);
y2=x2*sin(rangle)+y2*cos(rangle);
x3=x3*cos(rangle)-y3*sin(rangle);
y3=x3*sin(rangle)+y3*cos(rangle);
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
line(x2,y2,x3,y3);
line(x3,y3,x1,y1);
getche();
closegraph();
}
Output

Enter the rotation angle: 10

PRACTICAL 8
Write a program in C to perform scaling on a triangle.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<process.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT, gm;
int x1,x2,x3,y1,y2,y3,sx,sy;
printf("Enter coordinates of the triangle: ");
scanf("%d %d %d %d %d %d",&x1,&y1,&x2,&y2,&x3,&y3);
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\tc\\bgi");
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
line(x2,y2,x3,y3);
line(x3,y3,x1,y1);
printf("Enter the scaling factors: ");
scanf("%d %d",&sx,&sy);
x1=x1*sx;
y1=y1*sy;
x2=x2*sx;
y2=y2*sy;
x3=x3*sx;
y3=y3*sy;
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
line(x2,y2,x3,y3);
line(x3,y3,x1,y1);
getch();
closegraph();
}
Output

Enter the scaling factors: 2 2

PRACTICAL 9
Write a program in C to perform Reflection on a triangle.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<process.h>
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT, gm,ch;
int x1,x2,x3,y1,y2,y3,x11,x22,x33,y11,y22,y33;
float angle;
printf("Enter coordinates of the triangle: ");
scanf("%d%d%d%d%d%d",&x1,&y1,&x2,&y2,&x3,&y3);
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"c:\\tc\\bgi");
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
line(x2,y2,x3,y3);
line(x3,y3,x1,y1);
printf("Enter the axis of reflection: ");
printf("\n1:about x-axis");
printf("\n2:about y-axis\n");
scanf("%d",&ch);
cleardevice();
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
line(x2,y2,x3,y3);
line(x3,y3,x1,y1);
if(ch==1)
{
x11=x1;
y11=180-y1;
x22=x2;
y22=180-y2;
 x33=x3;
y33=180-y3;
}
if(ch==2)
{
x11=180-x1;
y11=y1;
x22=180-x2;
y22=y2;
x33=180-x3;
y33=y3;
}
gotoxy(1,24);
line(x11,y11,x22,y22);
line(x22,y22,x33,y33);
line(x33,y33,x11,y11);
getche();
closegraph();
}
Output

Enter the axis of reflection:

1: about x-axis
2: about y-axis
1
Enter the axis of reflection:
1: about x-axis
2: about y-axis
2