Introduction of SOFCON

 Sofcon a Channel Partner of Rockwell Automation

in India.
 It offers Turn-key Automation projects, solutions
& services to power, chemical, pharma, cement,
energy, food, water management etc. industries
for over 02 decades.
 Sofcon India Pvt. Ltd (Training Wing of Sofcon
Group) is committed to Strengthen practical
Knowledge of Engineers / Working Professionals /
Technicians
 Sofcon offers various
courses
0 PLC Course Contents
0 Digital Electronics Basics
0 PLC Fundamentals
0 PLC Hardware & Architecture
0 Source & sink Cencepts
0 Wiring Different field Devices to PLC
 SCADA Course
Contents
0 Introduction to SCADA Software
0 Creating new SCADA project
0 Creating & editing elementary graphic display
0 Attaching controls to graphic objects
0 Real time & historical trends Using alarms &
events
0 Application of scripts Communication with PLC
0 Communication with excel
 AUTOMATION
0 Automation is a step beyond mechanization.
0 Automation is the use of control systems
and information technologies to reduce the
need for human work in the production of
goods and services.
Automation Components
0 Sensor for sensing
physical conditions

0 Transmitters
0Control Systems
0Output Devices
Automation : Typical installation . . . .
SCADA Software Back

Communication Cable

Control Hardware
Control Panel
Field Cabling

Junction Box

Field Cabling

Sensors Placed in the field

 Programmable Logic
Controllers
 A PLC is a solid state / industrial computer that
performs discrete or sequential logic in a factory
environment.
 It was originally developed to replace mechanical
relays, timers, counters.
A sequence of instructions is programmed by the
user to the PLC memory. Its purpose is to monitor
crucial process parameters and adjust process
operations accordingly.
 It controls output devices based on the status of inputs and a

FUNCTIONS
user written program.
Originally developed to directly replace relays used for
discrete control.
It performs functions as

On/Off Control
• Timing Counting
Sequencing Arithmetic
Data Handling
 ADVANTAGES
PLC Saves By
Material cost Reduced wiring & associated errors
Installation cost Less space
Troubleshooting No moving parts - rugged
Labor cost Possibility of reprogramming
Value added benefits
Reliability
Flexibility
Advanced Function
Communication
Speed
Diagnostics
 APLLICATIONS
Any application in any industry
that requires electrical control

Packaging Bottling & Canning

Material Handling Machining
Power Generation HVAC/ Building Automation
Security Systems Automated Assembly
Paint Lines Water treatment

Industry
Cement Automobile Chemicals Plastics
Metals Paper F&B
 Various Brands of PLCs
Allen Bradley USA
Siemens Germany
Modicon France
Mitshubishi Japan
GE Fanuc USA
Omron Japan
 ARCHITECTURE
Programming/
Communication
Device

Input Central Output

Processing Circuits
Circuits
Unit (CPU)

Memory
Optical isolation Optical isolation
program data

Power supply
 INPUTS
PLC system consists of Inputs
1) Inputs - Discrete - On/Off type
o Pushbuttons
o Switches
o Limit Switches
o Selector Switches Input
o Proximity sensors Circuits

o Photo - electric sensors

2) Inputs devices - Analog

o Resistance Temp. Detectors

o Thermo - couple
 Input Modules
The input module performs tasks
electronically as:
oDetermines the presence or absence of
input
oConverts input single to a DC level use
able PLC
oProvides Electronic isolation B/w input 24 Volt
signal & PLC
Terminal block -
Input DC
Module
this is where 1
System
wires from the 2

A/D conversion
3
field devices are 4
Field device - connected 5 To PLC
this is 6
showing a 7
+ 24 8
simple switch Volts
9
10
- 24 COM
Volts
Input Modules

Temperatur
Switch Pressur
e
24V DC e
0-10V DC
 OUTPUTS
PLC system consists of Outputs
o Solenoids
Output
o Relays - AC or DC powered Circuits
o Contactors
o Motor Starters
o Indication Lights
o Valves
o Alarms
 Output Modules
Terminal block -
this is where
wires from the
field devices are
Output connected
Module
1 Field device
2 -Motor starter,
3 controlling an
D/A Conversion

4 AC motor.
5
From
PLC
6
7
8
9
10
COM
 Output Modules
The output module operates in opposite manner
from input module

Valve Fan Light

0-10V 120V AC 24V DC
Processor, Controller, or CPU

 Storesthe control program and data in its memory

 Reads the status of connected input devices
 Performs Arithmetic and Logical Operations
 Executes the control program
 Commands connected outputs to change state based on
program execution
 WORKING OF
PROCESSOR
For any execution of program processor has
to scan the entire program
Scan cycle consist of:-
 Input Scan
 Program Scan
 Output Scan
 Housekeeping
PLC SCAN
 Facts about scan
cycle
Scan Cycle Depends upon No of I/Os
More I/Os More scan time
Application Decides the Scan time
of a PLC
Scan time in normal applications is
1 ms to 2 ms & in bigger applications
100 ms to 200 ms
 MEMORY
The processor consists of memory locations
known as words
Each word can store binary data
The number of bits that a word can store depends
on the system of PLC
The 16-bit word is more common
 Types of Memory
It is divided into two parts
:

1)The user memory is for

storage of user program
i.e. ladder logic
2)The storage memory is
used to store information
such as input/ output
status timers, or counters
Programming Languages
0 Ladder Diagram (LD)
0 Functional block Diagram (FBD)
0 Structured Text (ST)
0 Instruction List (IL)
0 Sequential Functional Chart (SFC)
 Ladder Basics
Ladder is widely used language & is close to
Electrical basics.
 In 50-60% places in a ladder: NO, NC
or (XIC, XIO in case of Allen Bradley) are used.

If s/w closed at this add If s/w Open at this add CPU
CPU interprets it as True interprets it as True
condition condition
If s/w Open at this add CPU If s/w Closed at this add
interprets it as False CPU interprets it as False
condition condition
CONTROL CONTROL OUTPUT
SIGNAL IN1 SIGNAL IN2

0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
 OR Gate, Relay and PLC Equivalent
Boolean Expression is written as: Y = A + B

In an OR gate, the output is high if any one or all of the inputs are
high. Therefore the OR gate is equivalent to a parallel combination of
normally open switches.
Truth Table Control signal CONTROL OUTPUT
IN1 SIGNAL IN2
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1
 Hardware Over View of
MicroLogix 1000
MicroLogix 1000 is a packaged controller
containing a power supply, input circuits, output
circuits, and a processor.
Data Files in Micrologix
1000
 Basic Components of a PLC
Network Interface System
Most PLCs have the ability to communicate with
other devices. The PLC will communicate to the
other devices through a network interface.

Network
PLC
interface
module

Network connecting other

devices
 Typical PLC Application

Solenoid 1 Solenoid 2
Motor
Ingredient A Ingredient B

Sensor 1

Sensor 2

Solenoid 3
Programming a PLC – Conveyor
example

Photoeye 2 Photoeye 1
Light 1

Motor
1
PLC Programming Software
 Supervisory Control and
Data
Acquisition (SCADA)
Systems
0 SCADA systems
0 used to monitor and control a plant or
equipment in industries

such as:
0 telecommunications, water and waste
control, energy, oil and gas refining and
transportation
 PURPOSE
A SCADA SYSTEM
Gathers information from Remote Terminal
Units (RTUs) and/or (PLCs), and the central
host and the operator terminals(such as where
a leak on a pipeline has occurred).
Transfers the information back to a central
site, then alerts the home station that a leak
has occurred
 carries out necessary analysis and control,
 What do SCADA
Provide?
Dynamic Process Graphics
Basic SCADA functionality
 Real time &historical trend
 Alarms
 Recipe Management
Security
Report Generation
 Logging, Archiving
 Device connectivity
 Data base connectivity

Interfaces to H/W and S/W

Interfaces to ERP- and Expert-Systems
Development Tools

37
 DEVICE CONNECTIVITY

Every manufacturer have there one way

communication or follow different protocols.
SCADA S/W should have connectivity to
different h/w used in automation
 Benefits of
SCADA
0 Standard frame for application
0 Rich functionality (50 - 100 p-yrs investment)
0 Reliability and Robustness (very large installed
base, mission critical processes)
0 Limited specific development
0 Technical support and maintenance
0 ….. Etc

9 - 12 Oct. 2000 PCaPAC'2000 - DESY 39

 Development
Tools
0 Project editor
0 Graphics editor
0 Configuration through parameter templates
0 Scripting language
0 Most processing tools based on IEC 1131
0 Batch configuration according to S88.1
0 Driver Development Tool Kit

9 - 12 Oct. 2000 PCaPAC'2000 - DESY 40

 Configuration
of SCADA Systems

Data Server Data Server PLC’s

Field Bus

9 - 12 Oct. 2000 PCaPAC'2000 - DESY 41

 Configuration
PLC of SCADA Systems 2
Communication
nd
Programs Processor SCADA
•Analog-Input •Analog-Input
•Value-AI-0 •Vacuum_VALUE
•Value-AI-1 •Pressure_VALUE
•Analog-Output Mapping •Analog-Output
•Value-AO-0 •Valve_1_OUT
•Value-AO-1 •Heater_1_OUT
Field Bus

Play
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THAT’S IT FROM THE
PRESENTATION AREA

YOU
A NK
TH

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