Physics Definition

Kinetic Model Of Matter:

Transfer of Thermal Energy:
Brownian Motion is the Specific heat capacity(c): Latent heat of vaporization
movement of smoke Conduction is the process Is the amount of heat (lv): of a substance is the
particles in a random and by which heat is transferred required to raise the quantity of heat needed to
continuous motion in all through a medium by the temperature of 1kg of the change a unit mass of the
direction. collisions of one particle to object by 1oc substance from liquid to gas
another. without a change in
Conclusion: Provide Q = mcθ temperature.
Evidence that air molecules Convection is the process
are always in continuous
and random motion.
by which heat is transmitted
from one place to another
Melting is the process in
which a substance changes
Q =ml v
by the movement of heated from a solid state to a liquid
Temperature: particles in a gas or liquid. state without a change in Light:
temperature.
It is the measure of the Radiation is the process of Law 1: The angle of
degree of hotness of a heat transfer through the Boiling is the process in incidence is = to the angle
body. emission or absorption of which a substance changes of reflection.
electromagnetic waves from a liquid state to a Law2: The incident ray,
Heat refers to the amount gaseous state without a reflected ray and normal
of thermal energy that is Thermal Properties of change in temperature. lies at the point of incidence
contained in a body. Matter: all lie on the same plane.
Energy = power x time Latent heat of fusion (lf)
Lower-fixed point aka Ice of a substance is the Refraction: The bending of
Point: Internal Energy is the quantity of heat needed to light when it passes from
Temperature of pure sum of kinetic energy and change a unit mass of the one transparent medium to
melting ice at standard potential energy of all the substance from solid to another.
atmospheric pressure. particles. liquid without a change in
temperature. Law1: The incident ray,
Upper-fixed point aka steam Heat Capacity(C) is the refracted ray and normal
amount of heat required to the point of incidence all lie
point:
Temperature of steam from raise the temperature of the Q =ml f
on the same plane
boiling water at standard object by 1oc. Law2: For 2 given media,
atmospheric pressure.
Q
C=
θ

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Physics Definition

sin i 2. Angle of incidence (i) Amplitude (a): Longitudinal waves:

n= (Less dense to must be greater than the Maximum displacement are waves in which the
sin r critical angle(c). of wave from rest direction of vibration of
denser medium)
position. the wave particles is
sin r Thin converging lenses: parallel to the direction
n= (Denser to less
sin i Wavelength ( λ ): of wave motion.
dense medium) Focal length F is the distance between 2
(n= refractive index or distance between the optical identical points on Wave front: imaginary
optical density) center of the lens to the successive waves. line on a wave that joins
Refractive index of medium: focal point all points which have the
Frequency (f): no of same phase of vibration.
c Linear magnification (m) complete wave in one
n= is the ratio of the image second. Sound:
v height (hi) to the object
height (ho). Period (T): time taken to Compressions: region
C= speed of light 3x108 generate one complete where air particles is
V= velocity of light hi wave. slightly higher than
m= 1 normal atmospheric
Total internal reflection: ho T= pressure.
f
Critical angle(c): is the (Or the image distance (v) Rarefaction: region
angle of incidence for which from the lens to the object Speed of wave: Distance where air particles is
the angle of refraction in distance (u) from the lens) moved by any point on slightly lower than
the optically dense medium the wave in one second. normal atmospheric
is 90o. v pressure.
m= Hence, v= fλ
u Echo: reflected sound
1
sin c = General Wave Properties:
Transverse wave: are wave from large and
hard surface.
n waves in which the
direction of vibration is
Conditions for TIR: Wave: Phenomenon which perpendicular to the Loudness: dependent
1. Light must travel from an energy is transferred direction of wave on amplitude.
optically denser medium through vibrations. motion.
into optically less dense Pitch: dependent on
medium frequency of the wave

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Physics Definition

Gradient gives the Dynamics:

Ultrasound are sound that Acceleration (a) is the acceleration.
are above the upper hearing rate of change of Positive gradient: Newton 1st Law:
limit of the human ear. velocity with time. acceleration. When there is no net force
Negative gradient: acting on a body, the body
Kinematics: Deceleration or will remain at rest and a
v −u retardation. body in motion will continue
Scalar: a= Zero gradient: its motion at constant
 units t (i) object at rest velocity.
 magnitude Terminal Velocity: (ii) moving at
 no direction When an object falls at a constant speed Newton 2nd Law:
constant maximum Net force action on a body
Vector: velocity, with an Area under graph is directly proportional to
direction acceleration of 0m/s2, it equals to distance the product of the object’s
 units is known as terminal travelled. mass and the acceleration it
 no magnitude velocity. In general, average produces.
speed is always area
Distance (d) total length The Downward force is under graph divide by Resultant/net force:
covered by a moving object. equal to the upward time.
force, hence no net Average speed= FR=ma
Displacement(s) the force.
distance measured in a area.under.graph Resultant force produces
specific direction. Distance-time graph: acceleration
t constant net
Speed is the rate of change Gradient: speed of When acceleration is force=constant acceleration.
of distance with time. object. constant in graph, doubling net force will
1 double acceleration produce
If it is a straight line, it average.speed = (v + u ) Doubling mass requires a
d
Speed = is travelling at a 2 force twice as large to
t constant speed. achieve the same
Velocity (v) is the rate of v= Final velocity acceleration.
change of displacement with Velocity-time/ speed- u=Initial velocity
time. time graph: t= time taken for
change
s
Velocity =
t

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Physics Definition

Newton 3rd Law: Density is the mass per to another but the total
For every action, there is an unit volume of a substance. amount remains constant.
equal and opposite reaction, Work, Energy & Power: Power is the rate of work
M
and they act on different
bodies.
ρ= Work done by a force is
done or energy converted.
W .D E
V the product of force applied P= or P =
Turning Effect of Forces t t
Inertia is the reluctance of and the distance moved in
a body to change its state the direction of the force.
Moment of force is the Pressure is the force acting
of rest or motion. Or
product of the force, and per unit area on a body.
It is the tendency of a body W .D = F x d
to remain at rest, or the perpendicular distance F
from the line of action of P=
continue moving at a A
the force to the pivot. Energy is defined as the
constant speed.
capacity to do work.
Pressure due to liquid:
Friction is a force that Moment = Fx ⊥ d P = hρ g
K.E is the energy possesses
opposes motion.
due to its motion.
Principle of moments Atmospheric pressure is
Mass, Weight & Density: states that when a body is 1 2
K .E. = mv the weight exerted by the
in equilibrium, the total 2 atmosphere.
Mass is a measure of the clockwise moments about
amount of matter in an the pivot = to the total anti- G.P.E is the energy a body Output force in a hydraulic
object. SI unit: kilogram clockwise moment about possesses due to its system=
(kg) the same pivot. position from the surface of
A 
the earth. FB = FA  B 
Weight is due to the pull of Centre of gravity of an G.P.E. = mgh  AA 
gravity (or, gravitational object is the point where
force of attraction) upon a the whole weight of the
The principle of the A barometer is an
mass. object seems to act on.
conservation of energy instrument used for
states that Energy can measuring atmospheric
Gravitational field Stability is a measure of a
neither be created nor pressure.
strength (g) is define as body’s ability to regain its
original position destroyed in any process. It
the gravitational force
can be converted from one
acting per unit mass of a
form to another or
body.
transferred from one body

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Physics Definition

Static Electricity Voltage is the work done to Potential Divider divides Soft Iron Core: to
drive a unit charge through voltage proportionally into 2 concentrate magnetic field
Electric Field is the region the component. voltages. lines around the coil to
where an electric charge W V2 IR2 exert a greater force on the
experiences an electric V= = coil.
force.
Q VT I ( R1 + R2 )
Resistance is the ratio of Earth Wire is used for (D.C motor)Split ring
Magnetism the potential difference safety reasons. Connected commutator: Reverses the
across the component to to metal casing of an direction of current flowing
Magnetic Field is the the current flowing though appliance and direct excess into the coil for every half a
region around a magnet in it. currents due to the ground turn to ensure the coil
which a magnetic force can RI = V when there is a leakage or a rotates in one direction.
be detected by a magnetic Power of an electrical short circuit.
material. component is the product of (A.C motor)Slip ring:
the current flowing through Fuse melts when excess Reverse direction of induced
Electricity it and the potential current flows through it current flowing in the coil
difference across it. breaking the circuit to for every half a rotation.
prevent current from
Charge is measured in P = IV flowing to prevent user from
coulombs (C) Why transformer need
Ohm’s Law states that the electrocution and also
Charge of one electron is A.C?
current passing through a prevent damage to
-1.6x1018 . It is to provide a constantly
conductor is directly appliance. changing magnetic field for
proportional to the potential
Current is the rate of flow electromagnetic induction.
difference between its ends Electromagnetism/
of charge that flows through Hence a constantly
provided that the physical Electromagnetic Induction
any particular point. changing current is
conditions and temperature
Q required.
I= remains constant. Permanent Magnet:
t provide strong magnetic
E.m.f is defined as the work Diode only allows current field.
done by a force in driving a to flow in one direction Curved in to provide radial
unit charge around a field.
complete circuit. Rectification is the process
of converting alternating
W Carbon Brushes: Provide
ε= current to a direct current
usually through the use of a
electrical contact between
Q diode.
circuit and coil

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