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Controller

A microcontroller is a small computer contained on a single integrated circuit chip that includes a processor core, memory, and input/output peripherals. Microcontrollers are designed for embedded applications and have features like interrupts, on-chip program memory, GPIO pins, and analog-to-digital converters. Common microcontrollers include PIC, AVR, and 8051 models and are used in automatically controlled products like engine control systems, medical devices, remote controls, and more.

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Kashif Sharif
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31 views10 pages

Controller

A microcontroller is a small computer contained on a single integrated circuit chip that includes a processor core, memory, and input/output peripherals. Microcontrollers are designed for embedded applications and have features like interrupts, on-chip program memory, GPIO pins, and analog-to-digital converters. Common microcontrollers include PIC, AVR, and 8051 models and are used in automatically controlled products like engine control systems, medical devices, remote controls, and more.

Uploaded by

Kashif Sharif
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
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Microcontrollers

 A microcontroller (sometimes abbreviated µC, uC or MCU)


is a small computer on a single integrated circuit containing
a processor core, memory, and programmable input/output
peripherals

 Microcontrollers are designed for embedded applications, in


contrast to the microprocessors used in personal computers or
other general purpose applications.
Embedded systems
 An embedded system is a
computer system designed to
perform one or a few dedicated
functions.
 It is embedded as part of a

complete device often including


hardware and mechanical parts.
Features of microcontroller
 Interrupts
Microcontrollers must provide real time (predictable, though
not necessarily fast) response to events in the embedded
system they are controlling.

 Programs
Microcontroller programs must fit in the available on-chip
program memory, since it would be costly to provide a
system with external, expandable, memory.
Other microcontroller features

 Microcontrollers usually contain from several to dozens of


general purpose input/output pins (GPIO)
 analog-to-digital converter (ADC).

digital-to-analog converter (DAC)

Programmable Interval Timer (PIT)

Time Processing Unit (TPU)

Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART)
 Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)
A micro-controller is a single integrated circuit, commonly have also
these features:

 central processing unit - ranging from small and simple 4-bit


processors to complex 32- or 64-bit processors

 volatile memory (RAM) for data storage

 ROM, EPROM, EEPROM or Flash memory for program and


operating parameter storage

 discrete input and output bits, allowing control or detection of the


logic state of an individual package pin

 clock generator - often an oscillator for a quartz timing crystal,


resonator or RC circuit

 in-circuit programming and debugging support


Programming environments

 assembly language

 C programming language.
List of mostly used microcontrollers
 PIC(8-bit PIC16, PIC18, 16-bit dsPIC33 / PIC24)

 Atmel AVR

 Zilog eZ8 (16-bit), eZ80 (8-bit)

 Freescale semiconductor
(formerly motorolla)68HC08/68HC11

 Intel 8051
Microcontroller embedded memory
technology
.
all microcontrollers have at least two
different kinds of memory:

 A non-volatile memory for storing


firmware

 A read-write memory for temporary data


Automation with microcontroller
Microcontrollers are used in automatically controlled products
and devices such as :
Due to programming and its peripheral features as interrupts
,timers etc we can use them in:
 automobile engine control systems
 implantable medical devices,
 remote controls,
 office machines,
 appliances,
 power tools,
 and toys
 security alarms in offices and houses

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