ANCHAN.ANIL@GMAIL.

COM
+91 99720 15559

http://10.177.55.196:5560/ISQLPLUS
TNSNAMES.ORA
---------------------------
C:\Oracle\product\10.2.0\db_1\NETWORK\ADMIN

LISTENER.ORA
C:\Oracle\product\10.2.0\db_1\NETWORK\ADMIN

DEFAULT
----------------
ADMIN
------------
SYS -> CHANGE_ON_INSTALL
SYSTEM -> MANAGER

USER
----------
SCOTT -> TIGER
'WORKING ON SQL'
-----------------------------

1. isqlplus -> HTTP://LOCALHOST:5560/isqlplus

2. SQL*PLUS -> START -----> SQL*PLUS

3. DOS -> C:/> SQLPLUS SCOTT/TIGER@ORCL

LOGIN AS ADMIN -> FOR UNLOCKING THE SCOTT ACCOUNT

-------------------------
SQL> SHO USER
USER is "SYSTEM"
SQL> ALTER USER SCOTT ACCOUNT UNLOCK;
User Altered.

SQL> CONN SCOTT/TIGER

TIGER
TIGER
Connected.
SQL>

SQL> HELP INDEX -> SQL*PLUS COMMANDS

ARE FORMATTING COMMANDS
OR REPORTING COMMANDS.
-> NO SEMICOLON REQUIRED
SQL> HELP <COMMAND>

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMP;

SQL> SET PAGESIZE 100

SQL> SET LINESIZE 100

SQL> / -> REPEATS/RUNS PREV EXEC

SQL STMT.
SQL> ED -> AFIEDT.BUF
SESSION: SET OPTIONS ARE VALID FOR A SESSION.

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMP;

SQL> SAVE Q5 -> ORACLE_HOME/BIN
-> FILE -> OPEN
SQL> GET Q5.sql
---
---
---
SQL> /

SQL> @ Q5.sql
OR
SQL> STA Q5.sql

TO CREATE A USER:
------------------------------
LOGIN AS ADMIN
SQL> CONN SYSTEM/ORACLE

CREATE USER <USERNAME> IDENTIFIED BY <PASSWORD>;

SQL> CREATE USER ANIL IDENTIFIED BY ANCHAN;

SQL> CONN ANIL/ANCHAN

--> ERROR

LOGIN AS ADMIN
SQL> GRANT CONNECT,RESOURCE TO ANIL;
---> ROLE
-> SET OF PRIVILEGES
SQL> CONN ANIL/ANCHAN
Connected.

DATA DICTIONARY VIEWS: (METADATA)

---------------------------------------
TAB
USER_TABLES
---
---
---

SQL> SELECT * FROM TAB;

No rows selected.

SQL> CONN SCOTT/TIGER

SQL> SELECT * FROM TAB;
EMP
DEPT
SALGRADE -> DEMOBLD.sql
BONUS
DUMMY

SQL> CONN ANIL/ANCHAN

TO BUILD THE DEMO TABLES:
---------------------------------------------
SQL> @
C:\Oracle\product\10.2.0\db_1\odp.net\samples\DataSet\RelationalData\setup\DEMOBLD
.sql

OR
SQL> STA
C:\Oracle\product\10.2.0\db_1\odp.net\samples\DataSet\RelationalData\setup\DEMOBLD
.sql

SQL> SELECT * FROM TAB;

EMP
DEPT

QUERYING THE DATABASE: WRT 1 TABLE

----------------------------------------- --------------------

SQL OPERATORS
---------------------------
ARITH : +,-,*,/
LOGICAL : AND,OR,NOT
RELATIONAL : <,>,=,<=,>=,!= OR <>
MISC : IN,NOT IN,BETWEEN,LIKE'%',IS NULL,
ANY,ALL,EXISTS,NOT EXISTS,.....

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMP;

SQL> SELECT EMPNO,ENAME,SAL FROM EMP;
SQL> SELECT SAL,EMPNO FROM EMP;

SQL> SELECT SAL AS EMP_SAL,EMPNO "EMP NO",

ENAME EMP_NAME FROM EMP;

WHERE CLAUSE:
-------------------------
IS A CONDITION ON SELECT STMT.

SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE SAL>2000;

ARITH:
-------------
WRITE A QUERY TO DISPLAY THE SAL BY GIVING A RAISE OF 10% AS RAISE_SAL:
------------------------------
SELECT SAL,SAL+SAL*.10 AS RAISE_SAL FROM EMP;

LOGICAL:
---------------
SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE SAL > 2000 AND DEPTNO = 20;

SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE SAL > 2000 OR DEPTNO = 20;

SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE NOT DEPTNO = 20;

SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE NOT JOB = 'MANAGER';

RELATIONAL:
--------------------
SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE SAL > 2000 AND DEPTNO != 20;
OR
SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE SAL > 2000 AND DEPTNO <> 20;
MISC
---------
IN
SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE DEPTNO IN(10,20);
SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE JOB IN('MANAGER','ANALYST');
NOT IN
SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE JOB NOT IN('SALESMAN');
BETWEEN
SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE SAL BETWEEN 2450 AND 5000;
LIKE'%'
SELECT ENAME FROM EMP WHERE ENAME LIKE'A%';
SELECT ENAME FROM EMP WHERE ENAME LIKE'%S';
SELECT ENAME FROM EMP WHERE ENAME LIKE'A%S';
SELECT ENAME FROM EMP WHERE ENAME LIKE'____';->4 CHAR

CLASS ASSIGNMENT:
--------------------------------
ENAME
------------
A%NIL
ANC%HAN

WRITE A QUERY TO DISPLAY THE ENAMES WITH SPECIAL CHARS IN IT.

HINT : WILD CARDS: %,_

SQL> UPDATE EMP SET ENAME = 'A%NIL' WHERE EMPNO=7369;
SQL> UPDATE EMP SET ENAME = 'ANC%HAN'
WHERE EMPNO=7788;

SQL> SELECT * FROM EMP WHERE ENAME LIKE '%X%%' ESCAPE 'X';

IS NULL
--------------
WRITE A QUERY TO DISPLAY THE EMP ENAMES WHOSE COMM ARE NULL:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------
SELECT ENAME,COMM FROM EMP WHERE COMM = NULL;
---> WRONG
SELECT ENAME,COMM FROM EMP WHERE COMM IS NULL;
---> RIGHT

WHAT IS NULL?
NULL IS DEFINED AS NO VALUE.
NOTE:
-----------
NULL
''
'&COMM' ----> <ENTER>

SQL CLAUSES:
----------------------
WHERE
GROUP BY
AGGREGATE FNS : MIN()
MAX()
AVG()
SUM()
COUNT()
 COUNT()
COUNT(*)
COUNT(COLNAME)
COUNT(DISTINCT COLNAME)
HAVING
ORDER BY

WHERE CLAUSE:
-------------------------
IS A CONDITION ON SELECT STMT.

DISTINCT
---------------
ELIMINATES DUPLICATES.
ARRANGE THE OUTPUT IN ASCENDING ORDER.

SQL> SELECT JOB FROM EMP;

SQL> SELECT DISTINCT JOB FROM EMP;
SQL> SELECT DISTINCT JOB,ENAME FROM EMP;

LIMITATIONS:
-----------------------
SELECT ENAME,DISTINCT JOB FROM EMP;
SELECT DISTINCT ENAME,DISTINCT JOB FROM EMP;

COUNT()
COUNT(*) : INCL DUPL + INCL NULL
COUNT(COLNAME) : INCL DUPL - EXCL NULL
COUNT(DISTINCT COLNAME) : EXCL DUPL - EXCL NULL

SELECT COUNT(*),COUNT(MGR),COUNT(DISTINCT MGR)

FROM EMP;
COUNT(*) COUNT(MGR) COUNT(DISTINCTMGR)
-------- ---------- ------------------
13 12 5

NOTE: DISTINCT COLNAME -> INCL 1 NULL

IF COL HAS MANY NULLS

GROUP BY:
-----------------
ELIMINATES DUPLICATES
GROUPS THE OUTPUT BASED ON THE COLUMN SELECTED
IN THE GROUP BY.

SELECT MAX(SAL) FROM EMP;

5000

SELECT MAX(SAL) FROM EMP GROUP BY DEPTNO;

SELECT MAX(SAL) FROM EMP GROUP BY JOB;

SELECT DEPTNO,MAX(SAL) FROM EMP GROUP BY DEPTNO;

SELECT COUNT(*),DEPTNO,MAX(SAL),MIN(SAL),AVG(SAL),
SUM(SAL) FROM EMP GROUP BY DEPTNO;

LIMITATIONS
--------------------
SELECT ENAME,MAX(SAL) FROM EMP GROUP BY DEPTNO;
--> ERROR
SELECT ENAME,MAX(SAL) FROM EMP
GROUP BY ENAME; --> SOLN
OR
SELECT ENAME,MAX(SAL) FROM EMP
GROUP BY DEPTNO,ENAME; --> SOLN

HAVING
-------------
IS A CONDITION ON THE GROUP BY CLAUSE.

SELECT COUNT(*),DEPTNO,MAX(SAL),MIN(SAL),AVG(SAL),
SUM(SAL) FROM EMP
GROUP BY DEPTNO HAVING COUNT(DEPTNO)>=5;
OR
SELECT COUNT(*),DEPTNO,MAX(SAL),MIN(SAL),AVG(SAL),
SUM(SAL) FROM EMP
GROUP BY DEPTNO HAVING COUNT(*)>=5;
OR
SELECT COUNT(*),DEPTNO,MAX(SAL),MIN(SAL),AVG(SAL),
SUM(SAL) FROM EMP HAVING COUNT(*)>=5
GROUP BY DEPTNO ;

ORDER BY:
----------------
ARRANGE THE OUTPUT IN ASCENDING ORDER(DEFAULT)

SELECT * FROM EMP ORDER BY ENAME;

SELECT * FROM EMP ORDER BY ENAME DESC;
SELECT * FROM EMP ORDER BY JOB,ENAME;