Tcs 2044 Java Programming Chapter 3 Array and String (Week 6)

TCS 2044 JAVA PROGRAMMING
CHAPTER 3 ARRAY AND STRING (Week 6)
CHAPTER 3 ARRAY AND STRING
MANAGEMENT & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY
Objectives
1. Understand the concept of arrays 2. Learn the steps involved in using arrays - declaring, creating, initialising and processing arrays. 3. Use objects as array elements. 4. Use multidimensional arrays. 5. Recognise the difference between arrays and strings. 6. Use and manipulate strings.
Declaring Array Creating Array

Declaring an Array
Syntax :
datatype[] arrayName;
or
datatype arrayName[];
Example double[] myList; or double myList[];

Creating an Array
Because an array is object, the declaration does not allocate any space in memory for the array. q Elements cannot be assigned before array is created. q new operator can be used to create the array. q Syntax to create array
q
arrayName = new datatype[arraysize];
Example MyList = new double[10];

Combine declaration and q creation Syntax for declaring and creating an array in one statement.
datatype[] arrayName = new datatype[arraysize];
or
datatype arrayName[] = new datatype[arraysize];
Example
double[] myList = new double[10];
myList[0] myList[1] myList[2] myList[3] myList[4] myList[5]
The array myList has 10 elements of double type and integer indices from 0 to 9.
myList[6] myList[7] myList[8] myList[9]
Initialising Array Processing Array

q
When arrays are created, the elements are assigned the default value as follow: Default value Types of variables 0 \u0000 false null Numeric primitive datatype char boolean object
The array elements are accessed through the index (must start from 0).
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Arrays of Objects
Declaring an Array of Objects
q Syntax
for declaring an array of objects
classname[] arrayobjectName = new classname[arraysize]
or
classname arrayobjectName[] = new classname[arraysize];
Example Box[] boxArray = new Box[10];
Copying arrays
Using for loop
q
Copying individuals elements. Example
for (int i =0; i< sourceArrays.length;i++){ targetArray[i] = sourceArray[i]; }
Using arraycopy() method

q
Syntax to use arraycopy()

arraycopy(sourceArray,src_pos,targetArray,tar-pos, length)
Example of Using arraycopy() method

class TestCopyWitharrayCopy {public static void main(String arg[]) { sourceArray =1 00,5 0,2 0,800} int[] {00,2 5 3 ; int[] targetArray = new int[sourceArray.length]; System.out.print(" \nSourceArray :" ); printArray(sourceArray); System.out.print(" \nTarget Array :" ); printArray(targetArray); System.arraycopy(sourceArray,0,targetArray,0,sourceArray.length); System.out.print(" \nSourceArray :" ); Output of the printArray(sourceArray); System.out.print(" \nTarget Array :" ); printArray(targetArray);} static void printArray(int[] a) {for(int i= a.length;i+) 0;i< + System.out.print(" "+ a[i]);} }
program
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Effect of using (=) operator

q
Using (=) operator does not copy the content of the array newList = list;
Changes the value of newList with list and whatever changes happen in array newList will affect the list array.
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Example of using (=) operator to copy array

c s Te tC p A y la s s o y rra { u lics ticv idm in( tring p b ta o a S a [) rg] { ]lis =01 , , , } int[ t {, , 345; 2 int[ ne Lis ne ] w t= w int[lis le th] t. ng ; ne Lis = t; w t lis S s mo t. rintln (B fo m d inglis ) y te . u p " e re o ify t"; S s mo t. rintln (----------------------"; y te . u p " ) p tLis " t is :, t) rin t(Lis " ; lis p tLis " ne Lis is:, ne Lis ; rin t( w t " w t) fo (int i=; lis le th; + r 0i< t. ng i+ ) lis = ; t[i] 0 S s mo t. rintln (\nA r m d inglis ) y te . u p " fte o ify t"; S s mo t. rintln(----------------------"; y te . u p " ) p tLis " t is :, t) rin t(Lis " ; lis p rintLis " w t is:,ne Lis ; t(ne Lis " w t) }
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public static void printList(String s, int[] list) {System.out.print(s + " " ); for (int i= list.length;i+) 0;i< + System.out.print(list[i] + " " ); Output of the program System.out.print(" ); \n" } }
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Multidimensional Array
Usually used to represent a matrix or a table. q Declare and initialize two dimensional array q Two subscript are used, one for the main array and the other one for the array contained within the main array.
q
Example
int[][] matrix = new int[5][5];
or
int matrix[][] = new int[5][5];
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Example
public class Test2D_Array{ public static void main(String [] args){ int [][]x={{10,20,30,40},{40,30,20,10},{10,20,30,40}}; int total=0; for(int i=0;i<3;i++){ for(int j=0;j<4;j++){ total= total + x[i][j]; } } System.out.println(Total: +total); } }
X[0][0] X[1][0] X[2][0]
Memory representation
X[0][0] X[0][1] X[0][2] X[0][3]
10 40 10
20 30 20
30 20 30
40 10 40
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Output of the program Total: 300

String
String class
q q q
The java.lang.String class represents character strings. Can create a string with class String using keyword new Syntax to create a string : String newString = new String(s); or String newString = String constant;
Example String message = new String Welcome To Java; String message = Welcome To Java;
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String comparisons
q
Method equals() can be used for the equality comparison of the contents of objects. (string1.equals(string2) )
Method compareTo() is can be used to compare strings. (string1.compareTo(string2) )
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Example Program of Using == operator, equals() and compareTo() method to compare string
class TestCom pareString { public static void m ain(String arg[]) { String string1 = " M anagem & Science University ent "; String string2 = "M anagem & Science ent Univer sity"; if (string1.equals(string2)) System .out.println("string1 and string2 have else System .out.println("string1 and string2 if (string1.com pareTo(strin g2) == 0) System .out.println("string1 and string2 are else System .out.println("st ring1 and string2 } } the sam contents"); e are not equal"); the sam "); e are different ");
Output of the program
string1 and string2 have the same contents string1 and string2 are the same
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String concatenation
Combines two strings using + operator. q Extracts substring from a string using substring() method
q
String length
Gets the length of a string. q Uses length() method
q
Splitting string
Strings can be separated according to characters q Uses split() method
q
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Example program to concatenate string and using substring() and length() methods
class TestString{ public static void main(String arg[]) { String string1 = " Welcome to MSU "; String string2 = "Management & Science University "; String string3 = string1 + string2; String string4 = string1.substring( 0,11) + string2; System.out.println("string3 : " +string3); System.out.println("string4 : " +string4); System.out.println("Length of string 3: " + string3.length()); System.out.println("Length of string 4: " + string4.length()); } }
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Output:
string3: Welcome to MSU Management & Science University string4: Welcome to Management & Science University Length of string3: 46 Length of string4: 42
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Example using split() method

class TestSplitString{ public static void main(String [] args){ String s1= Welcome to Java Programming; String [] s2 = s1.split(//s); for(int i=0; i<s2.length; i++){ System.out.println(+s2[i]); } } }
Output: Welcome to Java Programming
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Tcs 2044 Java Programming Chapter 3 Array and String (Week 6)

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Tcs 2044 Java Programming Chapter 3 Array and String (Week 6)

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TCS 2044 JAVA PROGRAMMING

CHAPTER 3 ARRAY AND STRING (Week 6)

CHAPTER 3 ARRAY AND STRING

MANAGEMENT & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY