ANDROID

OPERATING SYSTEM

Seminar Guide: Mrs. SHILPA Seminar By: POOJA SUMON ( CE-2847-2K8 )

NEED FOR MOBILE PLATFORM:

 CONTROLS THE MOBILE DEVICE. PROVIDES AN INTERFACE BETWEEN THE USER AND HARDWARE. USED IN DEVICES LIKE SMARTPHONES, PERSONAL DIGITAL ASSISTANTS(PDAs),TABLET COMPUTERS etc.

PLATFORMS AVAILABLE:
ANDROID (GOOGLE) iOS (APPLE) BLACKBERRY OS (BLACKBERRY) WINDOWS PHONE 7 (MICROSOFT) SYMBIAN OS (NOKIA)

WHAT IS ANDROID?

 A SOFTWARE PLATFORM AND OPERATING SYSTEM FOR MOBILE DEVICES. DEVELOPED BY THE OPEN HANDSET ALLIANCE, LATER PURCHASED BY GOOGLE. PROVIDES USER-FRIENDLY INTERFACE. MANY ADVANCED FEATURES AND APPLICATIONS.
FIRST ANDROID PHONE:- THE HTC DREAM.

WHY ANDROID?
FULL PHONE SOFTWARE STACK INCLUDING APPLICATIONS. RUNS ON VERY SMALL ELECTRONIC DEVICES. ANDROID IS OPEN AND FREE. IS AVAILABLE FOR ALL PLATFORMS AND SCALES TO EVERY DEVICE. SUPPORTED BY DOZENS OF HARDWARE MANUFACTURERS. THIRD PARTY DEVELOPMENT IS ENCOURAGED. REASONABLE PRICES.

ANDROID FEATURES:

HANDSET LAYOUTS:

Adaptable to VGA, 2D graphics , 3D graphics and traditional smart phone layouts.

STORAGE: SQLite, a lightweight relational database, is used for data storage. CONNECTIVITY: Supports connectivity technologies : GSM/EDGE, IDEN, CDMA, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, NFC . MESSAGING: SMS and MMS including threaded text messaging . MEDIA SUPPORT: Android supports the following audio/video/still media formats: WebM, H.263, H.264 (in 3GP or MP4 container), MPEG-4 SP , AMR, AMR-WB (in 3GP container), AAC, HE-AAC (in MP4 or 3GP container), MP3 ,MIDI, Ogg Vorbis, FLAC, WAV, JPEG, PNG, GIF ,BMP.

ADDITIONAL HARDWARE SUPPORT: video/ still cameras, touchscreens , GPS ,

accelerometers , gyroscopes , magnetometers, dedicated gaming controls, thermometers, accelerated 2D and accelerated 3D graphics.

MULTI-TOUCH AND MULTIPLE LANGUAGE SUPPORT: Android has native support for multi-touch AND multiple human languages. BLUETOOTH: Supports A2DP, AVRCP, sending files ,accessing the phone book ,voice dialing and sending contacts between phones. VIDEO CALLING: Video calling through Google Talk is available in Android 2.3.4 and later. Skype 2.1 offers video calling in Android 2.3, including front camera support. MULTITASKING: Multitasking of applications is available. VOICE BASED FEATURES: Google search through voice; Voice actions for calling, texting, navigation etc. TETHERING: Phone can be used as a wireless/wired Wi-Fi hotspot.

ANDROID APPLICATIONS:
EXTEND THE FUNCTIONALITY OF THE DEVICES. MULTIPLE APPLICATIONS RUNNING SIMULTANEOUSLY. USER MAY SWITCH BETWEEN RUNNING APPLICATIONS. WRITTEN IN THE JAVA LANGUAGE. RUN ON THE DALVIK VIRTUAL MACHINE. C/C++ ALSO POSSIBLE BUT NOT SUPPORTED.

SOME APPLICATIONS:
GAMING NEWSFEED BOOKSTORE(e-book READER) EDUCATION ENTERTAINMENT BUSINESS FINANCE HEALTH & FITNESS MEDICINE MUSIC AND AUDIO PHOTO EDITOR NAVIGATION & ROUTING ENCRYPTION DICTIONARY

ANDROID LINUX KERNEL:

WHY LINUX KERNEL FOR ANDROID ?

JAVA SUPPORT:
WHILE MOST ANDROID APPLICATIONS ARE WRITTEN IN JAVA, THERE IS NO JAVA VIRTUAL MACHINE IN THE PLATFORM. JAVA BYTE CODE IS NOT EXECUTED. JAVA CLASSES ARE COMPILED INTO DALVIK EXECUTABLES. THESE ARE RUN ON DALVIK, A SPECIALIZED VIRTUAL MACHINE. DALVIK IS DESIGNED SPECIFICALLY FOR ANDROID AND OPTIMIZED FOR BATTERY-POWERED MOBILE DEVICES WITH LIMITED MEMORY AND CPU.

ANDROID ARCHITECTURE:

APPLICATION FRAMEWORK:

ACTIVITY MANAGER:
CONTROLS THE LIFE CYCLE OF THE APP.

CONTENT PROVIDERS:
ENABLE APPLICATIONS TO ACCESS DATA FROM OTHER APPLICATIONS OR TO SHARE THEIR OWN DATA.

RESOURCE MANAGER:
MANAGES EVERYTHING THAT IS NOT THE CODE.

LOCATION MANAGER:
FIGURES OUT THE LOCATION OF THE PHONE (GPS, GSM, WIFI).

NOTIFICATION MANAGER:
KEEPS TRACK OF EVENTS LIKE ARRIVING MESSAGES, APPOINTMENTS ETC.

LIBRARIES:

SYSTEM C LIBRARY:
TUNED FOR EMBEDDED LINUX-BASED DEVICES.

MEDIA LIBRARIES:
SUPPORT PLAYBACK AND RECORDING : FORMATS :- MPEG4, H.264, MP3, AMR, JPG AND PNG.

SURFACE MANAGER:
MANAGES ACCESS TO THE DISPLAY SUBSYSTEM AND SEAMLESSLY COMPOSITES 2D AND 3D GRAPHIC LAYERS FROM MULTIPLE APPLICATIONS.

FREETYPE:
BITMAP AND VECTOR FONT RENDERING.

SQLITE:
A RELATIONAL DATABASE ENGINE .

ANDROID versus iOS :

BOTH open source Proprietary to APPLE. and central control Only Apple can make changes to the of GOOGLE. iOS. YES. NO. (ONLY 3G CAPABLE)

4G data network.

Hardware CHOICES

HTC, Sony, Only one choice: from Apple. Motorola, Samsung, LG, Dell, Acer.

Number of phones to choose from :

Number of Android 2007: 1 (June 29, 2007) iPhone. phones 2008: 2 (July 11, 2008) iPhone 3G. 2007: 0 2009: 3 (June 19, 2009) iPhone 3GS. 2008: 1 2010: 4 (June 24, 2010) iPhone 4. 2009: 8 Total: 4 different phones introduced since 2010: 25 2007.

Where can I run my apps?

cellphones, tablets, Android cars, microwave oven,washing machine Both

Limited. Limited to only one phone and one tablet made by one company.

Text Entry: (Touchscreen or keyboard?) Screen size:

No choice, only a touch screen

Varies Depending on manufacturer.

One choice: 3.5 Tablet: One choice: 9.7

FEATURES

Android

iPhone

On-demand Mobile TV or live TV:

Yes.

No.

GPS:

Yes, since the first Android phone.

Yes. Navigation software is not as advanced as Android. No. It can only multitask on built-in internal applications. iPhone 4 finally supports multitasking but in a limited way.

Multitasking

Yes, from day one.

Apps development:

Easier

More difficult than Android.

Apps. Store Apps. Installation:

Not limited to the Android Market .

Only one choice: iPhone App store.

Installing apps is Easy, but not as easy as Android. Need easier than iPhone. iTunes the first time you activate the Free apps don't iPhone. require a password each time you try to install anything. You don't need iTunes. Allow user to Limited to how Apple dictates it. configure the desktop look and behavior the way you want it. You can have an entirely different desktop if you wanted to.

Personalization:

IS ANDROID THE FUTURE OF MOBILE COMPUTING?

OR A THREAT ??!!!
EXCESSIVE HARDWARE CUSTOMIZATION: PLATFORM MAY GET FRAGMENTED. HARDER FOR DEVELOPERS TO WRITE CODES. ENDANGER ITS LEAD POSITION.