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Lecture 12

The document outlines lecture material on current mirrors. It discusses using a cascode stage to boost output impedance and provides different views of a cascode stage. It then covers generating a temperature and supply-independent current using a "golden current source" and current mirror. The remainder summarizes current mirror circuitry, concepts like current scaling to generate multiple copies of the reference current, and improving current mirroring accuracy.

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Ragul Kumar
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42 views

Lecture 12

The document outlines lecture material on current mirrors. It discusses using a cascode stage to boost output impedance and provides different views of a cascode stage. It then covers generating a temperature and supply-independent current using a "golden current source" and current mirror. The remainder summarizes current mirror circuitry, concepts like current scaling to generate multiple copies of the reference current, and improving current mirroring accuracy.

Uploaded by

Ragul Kumar
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture12

ANNOUNCEMENTS
Review session: 3 5PM Friday (10/5) in 306 Soda (HP Auditorium) Reviewsession:35PMFriday(10/5)in306Soda(HPAuditorium) Midterm#1(Thursday10/11,3:30PM5:00PM)location:
106StanleyHall:StudentswithlastnamesstartingwithAL 306SodaHall:StudentswithlastnamesstartingwithMZ

OUTLINE
CascodeStage(contd)
supplementary remarks supplementaryremarks

CurrentMirrors Reading:Chapter9.2 Reading: Chapter 9 2


EE105Fall2007 Lecture12,Slide1 Prof.Liu,UCBerkeley

Review:CascodeStageRout
Theimpedanceseenlookingintothecollectorcanbeboosted significantlybyusingaBJTforemitterdegeneration,witha significantly by using a BJT for emitter degeneration, with a relativelysmallreductioninheadroom.

Rout = [1 + g m (rO 2 || r 1 )]rO1 + rO 2 || r 1 Rout g m1rO1 (rO 2 || r 1 )

EE105Fall2007

Lecture12,Slide2

Prof.Liu,UCBerkeley

AnotherViewofaCascodeStage
InsteadofconsideringacascodeasQ2 degenerating Q1,wecanalsothinkofitasQ1stacked on top of Q2 we can also think of it as Q stackedontopofQ (currentsource)toboostQ2soutputimpedance.

EE105Fall2007

Lecture12,Slide3

Prof.Liu,UCBerkeley

TemperatureandSupplyVoltage DependenceofBiasCurrent Dependence of Bias Current


Circuitsshouldbedesignedtooperateproperlyover arangeofsupplyvoltagesandtemperatures. a range of supply voltages and temperatures Forthebiasingschemeshownbelow,I1dependson thetemperatureaswellasthesupplyvoltage,since the temperature as well as the supply voltage, since VT andIS dependontemperature.

I1 = I S e VBE
EE105Fall2007

VBE / VT

R2 VCC R1 + R2
Prof.Liu,UCBerkeley

Lecture12,Slide4

ConceptofaCurrentMirror
Circuitdesignstoprovideasupply andtemperature independentcurrentexist,butrequiremany p , q y transistorstoimplement.
goldencurrentsource

Acurrentmirror isusedtoreplicatethecurrentfrom agoldencurrentsourcetootherlocations.

EE105Fall2007

Lecture12,Slide5

Prof.Liu,UCBerkeley

CurrentMirrorCircuitry
DiodeconnectedQREF producesanoutputvoltageVXthat forcesI forces Icopy1to be equal to IREF,ifQ1is identical to QREF. tobeequaltoI if Q isidenticaltoQ
Current mirror concept Generation of required VBE Current Mirror Circuitry

I copy1 =
EE105Fall2007

I S ,1 I S , REF

I copy1 I REF VX = VT ln = VT ln I I S ,1 S , REF

I REF
Prof.Liu,UCBerkeley

Lecture12,Slide6

BadCurrentMirrorExample1

IfthecollectorandbaseofQREF arenotshorted together,therewillnotbeapathforthebase currentstoflow,sothatIcopy iszero.


EE105Fall2007 Lecture12,Slide7 Prof.Liu,UCBerkeley

BadCurrentMirrorExample2

Alth Althoughitprovidesapathforbasecurrentstoflow, h it id th f b t t fl thisbiasingapproachisnobetterthanaresistive voltagedivider. voltage divider


EE105Fall2007 Lecture12,Slide8 Prof.Liu,UCBerkeley

MultipleCopiesofIREF
MultiplecopiesofIREF canbegeneratedatdifferent locationsbyapplyingthecurrentmirrorconceptto locations by applying the current mirror concept to multipletransistors.

I copy , j =
EE105Fall2007

IS, j I S , REF

I REF
Prof.Liu,UCBerkeley

Lecture12,Slide9

CurrentScaling
ByscalingtheemitterareaofQjbyafactorofn with respecttotheemitterareaofQ I respect to the emitter area of QREF,Icopy,jis scaled by a isscaledbya factorofnwithrespecttoIREF.
Thisisequivalenttoplacingn unitsizedtransistorsinparallel. q p g p

I copy , j = nI REF
EE105Fall2007 Lecture12,Slide10 Prof.Liu,UCBerkeley

Example:ScaledCurrents

EE105Fall2007

Lecture12,Slide11

Prof.Liu,UCBerkeley

FractionalScaling
AfractionofIREFcanbecreatedinQ1 byscalingup theemitterareaofQ the emitter area of QREF.

V I REF = 3I S exp X V T

V I copy = I S exp X V T

I copy
EE105Fall2007

1 = I REF 3
Prof.Liu,UCBerkeley

Lecture12,Slide12

Example:DifferentMirroringRatios
Usingtheconceptofcurrentscalingandfractional scaling,I scaling Icopy1 = 0 05mA and Icopy2 = 0 5mA derived =0.05mA andI =0.5mA,derived fromasingle0.2mAreferencecurrentsource(IREF).

EE105Fall2007

Lecture12,Slide13

Prof.Liu,UCBerkeley

EffectofBaseCurrents
I REF = I C , REF + I copy n + I copy

I C , REF =

I copy n

I copy
EE105Fall2007

nI REF = 1 1 + (n + 1)

Lecture12,Slide14

Prof.Liu,UCBerkeley

ImprovedMirroringAccuracy
UseQF(ratherthanIREF)tosupplythebasecurrentsof QREF andQ1,reducethemirroringerrorbyafactorof. Q, g y REF
I REF = I B , F + I C , REF
I C ,F I E ,F = I B,F I copy n + I copy

I C , REF =

I copy n

I copy 1 py 2 +1 n

I copy
EE105Fall2007 Lecture12,Slide15

nI REF = 1 1 + 2 (n + 1)

Prof.Liu,UCBerkeley

DifferentMirroringRatioAccuracy
I REF = I B , F + 4 I C , REF
IC ,F I copy1

I copy 2

+4

I C , REF

I B,F

15 I copy1

I copy1

I REF = 15 4+ 2

I C , REF = I copy1
EE105Fall2007 Lecture12,Slide16

I copy 2

10 I REF = 15 4+ 2

Prof.Liu,UCBerkeley

PNPCurrentMirror
APNPBJTcurrentmirrorcanbeusedasacurrent sourceloadforanNPNBJTamplifierstage. source load for an NPN BJT amplifier stage

EE105Fall2007

Lecture12,Slide17

Prof.Liu,UCBerkeley

GenerationofIREFfora PNPBJTCurrentMirror PNP BJT Current Mirror

Neglectingbasecurrents,thecurrentsflowing throughQ andQ through QM and QREF2 are the same arethesame.
EE105Fall2007 Lecture12,Slide18 Prof.Liu,UCBerkeley

CurrentMirrorwithDiscreteBJTs
IfQREFandQ1arediscreteNPNBJTs,IREFandIcopy1can differdramatically,duetoI mismatch. differ dramatically due to ISmismatch

EE105Fall2007

Lecture12,Slide19

Prof.Liu,UCBerkeley

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