The NASA Program/Project Life Cycle Process Flow

Mission Feasibility
Define mission objectives and top level functional and performance requirements Ensure mission technical and programmatic feasibility Confirm customer's mission need
Management Decision Mission Concept Review

Mission Definition
Establish validated (segment level) requirements which meet mission objectives Establish architectural and top level operations concept Identify technology risks and mitigation plan Refine programmatic resource need estimates
Management Decision Iterate Requirements and Concepts to establish optimal system requirements & top level architecture Mission Definition Review

Establish validated requirements for End Items (complete functional baseline) Complete architecture level of design. Mitigate technical risk: critical technology, long lead items. Establish firm estimates of programmatic and technical resources Mitigate programmatic risks Demonstrate system can be built within cost, schedule, performance constraints
3.8. Integrate
Resource Balances Analytic Integration

System Definition

Establish a design solution that fully meets mission needs Complete test and verification plan Establish design dependent requirements and interfaces Complete "implementation" level of design
Management Decision 4.8. Integrate System / Segments / Elements/ System Definition Review(s)
Resource Balances Analytic Integration

Preliminary Design

Establish complete, validated detailed design Complete all design specialty audits Establish manufacturing processes and controls Finalize & integrate system interfaces

Final Design

Fabrication & Integration

Produce items that conform to specifications and acceptance criteria Assemble and integrate the system Validate and verify system Develop capability to use system to perform mission Prepare facilities for production, maintenance and operation
Management Decision 6.11. Integrate System, Control and Verify Interfaces Management Decision

Preparation for Deployment

Configure system for launch / deploy Establish readiness to launch / deploy

Deployment and Operational Verification

Launch / deploy system Establish operational envelope of system Establish system logistics
Management Decision

Mission Operations
Perform Mission Sustain system Improve/augment System

Disposal
Decommission/dispose of system items

Management Decision 5.7. Integrate System / Segments / Preliminary Design Review(s)

Resource Balances Analytic Integration

Management Decision

Management Decision Decommisioning Review

Start
Mission Needs Goals and Objectives Programmatic Guidelines

Iterate Requirements and Concepts to establish feasibility

Critical Design Review(s)

Understand Customer 1.1 Refine User Needs & Objectives

Mission Needs Goals and Objectives

Identify Feasible Alternatives 1.3. Develop Top Level Mission Requirements

Science Rqts Mission Rqts

1.6. Flowdown Top Level System Requirements

System / Segment Rqts

1.10. Synthesize & Downselect

Report / Proposal System Specification

Mission Requirements Analyze Mission Requirements Review 2.1. Refine Top Level Mission Requirements
Mission Needs Goals and Objectives Science Rqts Mission Rqts Assumptions, Guidelines, and Constraints

Establish Optimum Architecture 2.4. Define & Refine System Requirements

System Rqts Science Rqts Disposal Rqts Verification Rqts

Segment C Segment B Segment A

2.8. Synthesize & Downselect
System Specification Tech Dev Rqts

System Acceptance Review

Flight Readiness Review

Operational Readiness Review

Analyze System Requirements 3.1. Mission & Requirements Analyses

Refined Mission Rqts System Rqts Verification Rqts Applicable Standards

System Requirements Review Establish Optimum System Design Level 3.3. Flowdown & Lower Requirements Verification Rqts Matrix Refine Assumptions, Guidelines, Requirements and Constraints 3.5. Allocate Requirements to End Items 3.6. Evaluate and Analyze System End Item Concepts

Element C Element B Element A

Preliminary Design 4.2. Perform Design Analyses
Design Analysis Reports Trade & Analysis Results

1.2. Refine Constraints & Assumptions

Assumptions, Guidelines, and Constraints

1.5. Develop Evaluation Criteria

Evaluation Criteria Reference Missions TPM

1.8. Allocate Requirements

Allocated Rqts TPM Budgets & Margins

2.3. Develop & Refine Evaluation Criteria

Evaluation Criteria Reference Missions TPM

2.6. Allocate Requirements to Segments / Elements

Performance Rqts TPM Budgets & Margins

2.7. Analyze & Evaluate Architectures & Concepts

Cost/Effectiveness Analyses Environmental Assessment Feasibility Assessment Specialty Engineering Studies Life Cycle Cost Estimates Trade & Analysis Results

1.4. Develop Top Level Functional Mission Concept

Functional Mission Concept

1.7. Develop Feasible System Concept(s)

System Concept & Architecture Design Disclosures Product Breakdown Structure Operations Concept

1.9. Analyze & Evaluate

Cost/Effectiveness Analyses Environmental Assessment Feasibility Assessment Specialty Engineering Studies Life Cycle Cost Estimates Trade & Analysis Results

3.2. Develop System Evaluation Criteria

Evaluation Criteria Reference Missions TPM Acceptance Criteria

2.2. Refine Mission Concept(s) and Operations

Mission Concept(s) Operations Concept(s)

2.5. Develop Alternative System Architectures & Concepts

3.4. Develop & Refine Prime/ Critical Item Concepts

System Concept & Architecture Design Disclosures Product Breakdown Structure Operations Concept

Cost/Effectiveness System Specification Logistics Support Design-To Specification Producibility/Manufacturability Verification Matrix Reliability Interface Rqt Safety / Hazard Analysis TPM Budgets Specialty Engineering Life Cycle Cost Trade & Analysis Design Disclosure Interface Control Documentation Integration and Assembly Manufacturing Launch Operations Operations Integrated Logistics Support

4.1. Analyze and Refine Requirements

Specification Updates Flowdown Rqts Disposal Requirements Interface Requirements

4.6. Evaluate, Verify, & Validate Design

Cost/Effectiveness Environmental Failure Modes & Effects Logistics Support Nuclear Producibility Manufacturability Reliability Safety / Hazard Specialty Engineering Life Cycle Cost

5.1. Define & Control Detailed I/F

Final Design
Cost/Effectiveness Environmental Failure Modes & Effects Logistics Support Nuclear Producibility Manufacturability Reliability Safety / Hazard Specialty Engineering Life Cycle Cost

Production Readiness Review(s) Manufacture & Assembly 6.1. Ready Production Facilities 6.2. Fabricate / Assemble End Item
End Item Support Items Spares Quality Assurance Results

Integration & Test 6.5. Test / Verify End Item

Verified H/W V & V S/W Verification Rqts Compliance

Test Readiness Review(s) Verification & Acceptance 6.9. Test / Verify System
Verification Rqts Compliance &V Evaluation Results Tested System

Operations Prepare for Deployment 7.2. Configure H/W for Launch Deployment & Operational Verification 8.1. Launch / Deploy 7.1. Deliver / Install System 7.3.Configure S/W for Launch 7.7. Complete Integrated Prelauch Checkout
Readiness Reports Incidents Reports Problem / Failure Reports

9.1. Configure for Operations

9.6. Distribute Mission Products 9.2. Conduct Mission

Mission Productsl

9.8. Update Design & Documentation

9.10. Sequential Production

Sequential Production

Interface Control Documentation P/L to Carrier Integration Plan

4.3. Perform Engineering Development Tests

Development Test Results Engineering Items

4.5. Perform Preliminary Design

5.2. Perform Detailed Design

5.5. Evaluate, Verify, & Validate Design

6.6. Assemble & Physically Integrate System

Integrated System Support Equipment

9.9. Improvement, improvement Rqts Block Changes Product Modifications

System Disposal Disposal 10.1. Decommission / Dispose

1.12. DevelopTools & Methods

Iterate requirements and concepts to establish optimal design-to baseline

Analysis Models Systems Engineering Tools

3.7. Synthesize / Select Optimal Option

Design Disclosure Electronics Parts List Hardware/Software List Instr Pgm & Command List

Design Disclosure Material and Processes Data Integration and Assembly

2.10. DevelopTools & Methods

Analysis Models Systems Engineering Tools Test Facilities & Equipment

4.4. Define Interfaces

Integrated Schematics Interface Control Documentation

Development Test Results Engineering Items

4.7. Complete Plans & Documentation for Qual Items

Qualification Item Plans

5.3. Perform Engineering Tests

Development Test Results Engineering Items

5.6. Complete Detail Design & Production Plans

Build-To Specification Verification Requirements and Specifications

6.3. Complete End Item Verification Test Preparations

Verification Procedures & Data Test Facilities & Equipment

6.7. Complete Test Plans & Documentation for System

Verification Procedures & Data In-flight Checkout Plans

6.10. Perform Acceptance Testing

Deliverable System Acceptance Data

Delivered / Installed System Final System Documentation

7.4.Configure Support System for Launch

8.2 Configure for checkout and operations

9.3. Train Personnel

Trained Personnel

1.11. Technical Planning & Management

Program/Project Management Plans Engineering Master Plan / Master Schedule Lessons Learned Program/Project Management Plans System Engineering Management Plan Engineering Master Plan / Master Schedule

3.9. Develop Technology

2.9. Technical Planning & Management

Technology Development Plan Integrated Logistics Support Program Plan Risk Management Configuration Management Information Management Lessons Learned

Lessons Learned

3.11. Develop & Refine Tools & Methods

4.9. Technical Management & Planning

Analysis Models System Engineering Tools Test Facilities & Equipment Program/Project Management Plans System Engineering Management Plan Engineering Master Plan / Master Schedule Verification Plans Logistics Plan Integration & Assembly Plan Mtrls & Process Control Plan Manufacturing Plan Quality Assurance Plan EMI/EMC Control Plan P/L to Carrier Integration Plan System Safety Plan Reliability Program Plan Configuration Management Plan Documentation Tree Drawing Tree/List Information Management Plan Specification Tree Risk Management Plan Statement of Work

5.4. Fabricate / Test Qualification Items

6.4. Complete Plans / Documentation for End Item

"As Built" Documentation Technical Manuals and Data User's Manuals

6.8. Complete Plans & Documentation for System

Final "As-Built" Documentation Operations Procedures

7.5.Prepare Personnel

Trained Personnel

8.3. Demonstrate Operational Capability

Operational Evaluations Results In-flight Checkout Results

9.7. Assess Trends

Problem / Failure Reports Readiness Reports Lessons Learned

Disposed Items Decommisioned Items Recycled Items Waste

9.4. Maintain System

10.2. Store / Monitor

Qualification Items Qualification Results Trained Personnel Training Facilities, Equipment, & Materials

7.6. Update Mission Ops Plans & Procedures

Operations Data Go/No Go Criteria Operational Readiness Criteria

9.5. Support System

Spares

3.10. Technical Management & Planning

Program/Project Management Plans System Engineering Management Plan Engineering Master Plan / Master Schedule Verification Plans Logistics Plan Integration and Assembly Plan Manufacturing Plan Quality Assurance Plan EMI/EMC Control Plan Payload to Carrier Integration Plan System Safety Plan Technology Development Plan Integrated Logistics Support Program Plan Reliability Program Plan Configuration Management Plan Documentation Tree Drawing Tree/ Engineering Drawing List Information Management Plan Specification Tree Risk Management Plan Statement of Work Lessons Learned

5.8. Technical Management & Planning

Program/Project Management Plans Engineering Master Plan / Master Schedule Revised /Updated Plans Lessons Learned

6.12. Train

6.13. Technical Management & Planning

Program/Project Management Plans Engineering Master Plan / Master Schedule Problem / Failure Reports Waivers Revised /Updated Plans Lessons Learned

System Maturity
Legend
H/W & S/W Rqt/Design Conceptual Preliminary Final/Approved Requirements Design H/W or S/W Engineering Item Qualification Item End Item

Feasible Concept
- Focus on Feasibility - Limited Range of Concepts - Restricted Number of Options - Limited Depth - Major Subsystems - Technical Feasibility The System Segment Element Subsystem

Alternative Architectures
- Focus on Optimality The System - Broad Range of Concepts - Multiple Options Considered Segment - Increased Depth - Subsystem Concepts Element - Critical Technology Subsystem Assembly

Top Level Architecture

- Optimized Top Level Architecture - Critical Technology Options & Risks The System Segment Element Subsystem Assembly

Functional Baseline
-Allocations to Element Level System - Technology & Risk Mitigation - Demonstrations Segment - Proofs of Concept - S/W Prototypes Element Subsystem Component

Design-To Baseline
- Functionally Complete Design - Architecture & Implementation of Components - Engineering Demonstrations & Tests - Mock ups & Models - S/W Prototypes The System Segment Element Subsystem Assembly

Build-To Baseline
- Complete Design Realization - Qualification Items The System Segment Element Subsystem Assembly - Assembled & Tested Flight Units - Systems and Segment Tests

As-Built Baseline
The System Segment Element Subsystem Assembly

As-Deployed Baseline
- System Deployed & Integrated - Operationally Certified The System Segment Element Subsystem Assembly

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Assembly

Evolution

Representative Staffing & Management

Peer Review Mission Analysis Requirements Criteria & Priorities Concept Definition Analysis & Evaluation
Risk, Cost, etc Definition Flowdown

MCR Small Team Full-Time Lead Part Time Members Special Studies Keys skills: Analyst, Conceptual Designer Mission Analysis Concept Options Requirements Criteria & Priorities Mission & Ops Concepts Trades & Analyses Designs Evaluations
Risk, Cost, Safety, etc Derived

MRR

Peer Mid-Term

MDR Moderate Size Team Full-Time Lead Full/Part Time Members Part Time Experts Formal Studies Keys skills: Analyst Validate/Refine A Requirements Trades & Analyses Designs & Margins Evaluations
Risk, Cost, Safety, FMEA, etc

Peer

SRR

SDR Moderate Size Team Full-Time Lead Full Time Members Part Time Experts Formal Studies Keys skills: System Architect

Rqts Validate/Refine Requirements/ Specification Eng Development Tests Trades & Analyses Interface Definition & Control Design Integration Evaluations
Preliminary Update/Derive

PDR Larger Size Team Formal Studies Keys skills: System Architect, Top-level Designer Requirements/ Specification Eng Development Tests Trades & Analyses Interface Definition & Control Design Integration Evaluations Plans
Plans

CDR Fabricate Items Item Test Plans Test/Verify Item Item Documentation Assemble/Physicallly Integrate System System Test Plans Test/Verify System Complete Documentation Acceptance Testing Integration
Build/Test

PRR

TRR

SAR FRR Deliver/Install Train Complete Documentation Launch Preparation On-Orbit Checkout Lessons Learned
Definition Flowdown

Update/Derive

Update

Subsystem/Component

Build-To

Large Team Formal Studies Keys skills: Detail Designer, Integrator

Large Team Formal Configuration Keys skills: Builder, Tester

ORR Operate Train Large Team Formal Configuration Keys skills: Launch Integrator, Check out Operator Maintain/Support Changes Production Dedicated Operation Team Formal Configuration Keys skills: Operator

Engineering Plans
Parametric Grassroot

Tools & Methods Tools & Methods Months Months

Technology & Risk Mitigation Tools & Methods

Near term use for subsequent phases

Plans Qualification Items Tools & Methods Months to Years

Qualification Items Tools & Methods

Disposal Months to Years Months to Years

Training

Months

Months to Years

Reviews & Control Gates

Mission Concept Review

Objective: Validate mission needs and mission objectives Is mission fully defined? Do mission requirements fulfill mission needs? Is mission feasible? Technically? Programatically? Results Approve proposal or submit RFP for Phase A or Accept report as potential input into later RFP or Recommend further concept exploration Major Products MissionProposal Checklist

Mission Requirements Review

Objective: Validate mission requirements Is mission fully defined? Do mission requirements fulfill mission needs? Results Proceed with System and Mission Definition Major Products Mission Requirements Checklist

Mission Definition Review

Objective: Validate system requirements Do functional and performance meet original mission objectives? Are requirements complete & consistent? Results Release Mission level requirements and program needs Major Products Architecture System Operations Concept System Requirements Risk Planning & Mitigation Checklist
C Design-To Specification P Environmental Specification C Interface Requirements P System Specification C Applicable Standards P Technology Development Requirements C Verification Requirements Matrix C Verification Plans C Design Disclosure P Hardware/Software List P System Concept & Architecture C Manufacturing Plan P Quality Assurance Plan C Disposal Plans Operations Concept C Integrated Logistics Support Plan P Concept/Design Evaluation Criteria Cost/Effectiveness Analyses Environmental Assessment Feasibility Assessment

System Definition Review

Objective: Demonstrate system architecture is acceptable and allocations to functional elements are complete Can system be built to meet mission objectives? Are requirements complete & consistent? Results Release System level requirements Release DesignTo Specs Major Products Identification of End Items End Item Specifications Reliability Assessment

Preliminary Design Review

Objective: Demonstrate System Design is complete, optimal, and meets system requirements Is the design correct considering system requirements, verification methodologies, production, and operations? Does the design meet cost and schedule constraints? Results Release specifications, drawings, ICDs Begin building qualification hardware. Major Products P Integrated Logistics Support Plan Design-To baseline P Training Plan Qualification Plans Design Analysis Reports
Failure Modes and Effects Analysis Logistics Support Analysis Producibility/Manufacturability Studies & Audits Reliability Assessment Safety / Hazard Analysis Specialty Engineering Studies Life Cycle Cost Estimates Trade & Analysis Results Development Test Results Analysis Models Systems Engineering Tools Test Facilities & Equipment P Acceptance Plans F Contamination Control Plan F EEE Parts Management Plan F EMI/EMC Control Plan F Payload to Carrier Integration Plan F Producibility/Manufacturability Program Plan F Reliability Program Plan Technical Performance Measures Reports F Drawing Tree/ Engineering Drawing List Information Management Plan F Statement of Work (SOW)

Critical Design Review

Objective: Verify detail design meets system requirements. Are system performance, operations defined? Are verification and acceptance testing defined? Results Release design for production Major Products Build-To Specification Checklist
U Engineering Items Q Qualification Items F Acceptance Criteria F Build-To Specification Qualification Results Verification Requirements & Specifications F Design Disclosure F Interface Control Documentation Material and Processes Data F Integration and Assembly Plan F Manufacturing Plan F Materials and Processes Control Plan P Operations Plan F Transition to Operations Plan Inventory Control Software P Training Plan Design Analysis Reports Logistics Support Analysis Producibility/Manufacturability Studies & Audits Reliability Assessment Safety / Hazard Analysis Specialty Engineering Studies Development Test Results Analysis Models Systems Engineering Tools Test Facilities & Equipment F Acceptance Plans Technical Performance Measures Reports Design Changes Summary Information Management Plan F Statement of Work (SOW)

Production Readiness Review

Objective: Verify production facilities and processes are ready to begin actual construction of end-item. Results Proceed with production Major Products Manufacturing/Production Plans Manufacturing/Production Schedule Quality requirements Checklist
F Manufacturing/Production Plans F Manufacturing/Production Schedule F Quality Control procedures Material and Processes Data F Integration and Assembly Plan F Manufacturing Plan F Materials and Processes Control Plan

Test Readiness Review

System Acceptance Review

Flight Readiness Review

Objective: Demonstrate System is ready for launch. Results Launch / deployment Major Products Approval for launch Checklist
E Hardware/Software End Items F Operations Data Spares E Support Items Trained Personnel Operational Readiness Criteria Verification Requirements Compliance Verification Procedures & Data Launch Facility Checkout Results F Go/No Go Criteria F Certification of Flight/Launch Readiness Closure Reports Incidents Reports Problem / Failure Reports Readiness Reports Product Change Report

Operational Readiness Review

Objective: Demonstrate that deployed system is ready to perform the mission Does deployed system meet mission requirements? Can system transition from developers to operators? Do plans & procedures reflect actual performance and operations? Results Transition to mission operations Major Products Operational System Checklist

Decommissioning Review
Objective: Ratify that disposal is appropriate Is removal from service acceptable? Are plans and procedures in place? Have necessary prepartion been made? Results Removal of item from service Major Products Decommisioned/disposed items Checklist

Checklist

Legend C= Conceptual P= Preliminary F= Final/Approved = Update = Top level or partial = Complete

C Mission Goals and Objectives C Mission Needs C Science Requirements C System Specification C Assumptions, Guidelines, and Constraints C Technology Development Requirements C Verification Plans C System Concept & Architecture C Functional Mission Concept Operations Concept C Concept/Design Evaluation Criteria Feasibility Assessment Life Cycle Cost Estimates Trade & Analysis Results

F Mission Requirements P Science Requirements F Mission Need Statement Design Evaluation Criteria P System Requirements Requirements Trades Trade & Analysis Results

Specialty Engineering Studies System Interface Studies Life Cycle Cost Estimates Trade & Analysis Results P Development Test Plans Analysis Models Systems Engineering Tools Test Facilities & Equipment C Development Plans C Payload to Carrier Integration Plan P Technical Performance Measurement Plan System Engineering Management Plan P System Safety Plan F Technology Development Plan Integrated Logistics Support Program Plan C Work Breakdown Structure Engineering Master Plan / Master Schedule Configuration Management Plan Information Management Plan P Risk Management Plan P Program/Project Management Plans

U Engineering Items P Acceptance Criteria P Design-To Specification F Environmental Specification P Interface Requirements P Environments Control Plan P Applicable Standards P Verification Requirements Matrix P Verification Plans C Design Disclosure F Hardware/Software List P Interface Control Documentation C Integration and Assembly Plan C Manufacturing Plan P Quality Assurance Plan C Operations Plan P Integrated Logistics Support Plan Cost/Effectiveness Analyses Logistics Support Analysis Producibility/Manufacturability Studies & Audits

Safety / Hazard Analysis Specialty Engineering Studies Life Cycle Cost Estimates Trade & Analysis Results F Development Test Plans Analysis Models System Engineering Tools Test Facilities & Equipment P Development Plans P EMI/EMC Control Plan P Payload to Carrier Integration Plan System Engineering Management Plan F System Safety Plan Technology Development Plan Integrated Logistics Support Program Plan P Reliability Program Plan Technical Performance Measures Reports Configuration Management Plan F Documentation Tree Information Management Plan Risk Management Plan F Program/Project Management Plans F Statement of Work (SOW)

Checklist

U Engineering Items User's Manuals F Acceptance Criteria P Build-To Specification F Design-To Specification F Interface Requirements F Vendor H/W & S/W Specs F Environments Control Plan F Applicable Standards Verification Rqts and Specs F Qualification Item Plans F Verification Plans P Design Disclosure P Interface Control Documentation Material and Processes Data P Integration and Assembly Plan P Manufacturing Plan P Materials & Processes Control Plan F Quality Assurance Plan P Launch Operations Plan C Operations Plan P Spares Provisioning List

Objective: Demonstrate that system elements as constructed Objective: Verify design meets system requirements. meet requirements Are test facilities and personnel in place? Is the system quality verified? Are acceptance plans and criteria in place? Are hardware/software verified? Results Release design for production Results Accept system from developers Major Products Complete Set of Procedures Major Products Software Test Configuration Control Plans Verified Systems/ Segments/ Quality Control Plans/Procedures Checklist Test Results Data Handling Plans Software Programmers Manual E Hardware/Software End Items Acceptance Criteria F Computer Resource Integrated P Operations Data Checklist
Verification Procedures & Data E Hardware/Software End Items Analysis Models Test Facilities & Equipment Problem / Failure Reports F Acceptance Criteria F Quality Control Plans/Procedures F Test Facilities & Equipment Spares E Support Items Technical Manuals and Data User's Manuals Operational Readiness Criteria Acceptance Data Verification & Validation Evaluation Results Verification Requirements Compliance Verification Procedures & Data In-flight Checkout Plans Quality Assurance Results Support Document F Operations Procedures F Operations Plan E Training Facilities, Equipment, & Materials F Training Plan Analysis Models Test Facilities & Equipment Problem / Failure Reports F Waivers Information Management Plan

F Operations Data Spares Operational Limits & Constraints Technical Manuals and Data User's Manuals Trained Personnel Product improvement requirements Verification Requirements Compliance Verification Procedures & Data Operational Evaluations Results In-flight Checkout Results Operations Procedures Operations Plan Transition to Operations Plan Integrated Logistics Support Plan Analysis Models Problem / Failure Reports Readiness Reports Configuration changes

Mission Products Trained Personnel Spares Disposal Requirements Product improvement requirements Verification Requirements Compliance Operational Evaluations Results F Decommissioning Schedule Disposal Plans Personnel Transition Plans Problem / Failure Reports Readiness Reports

Acquisition Phases

7120

Pre-Phase A: Advanced Studies Phase A Approval Announcement of Opportunity

Phase A: Preliminary Analysis

Pre-PPAR Instrument Selection Decision Pre-NAR Approve MNS Phase B/C/D RFP Demonstration & Validation

Phase B: Definition PPAR NAR Approve PCA

Phase C: Design Reapprove MNS Contractor Selection Decision Engineering & Manufacturing Development L-N Mission Reviews

Phase D: Development

Phase E Operations

DoD

Pre-Milestone 0

Concept Exploration & Definition

Production & Deployment

Operations & Support

By L. Pieniazek