CARBON DIOXIDE CO2

Industrial fire suppression systems

Kidde engineers developed carbon dioxide fire extinguishing over 60 years ago and Kidde have been responsible for every major improvement that has been made in this branch of fire protection. Kidde Products benefits from the accumulated experience of thousands of installations in power plants, industrial plants, oil refineries, electronic processes, on ships and in a wide variety of hazardous areas.

CO2 is versatile The co2 is stored as liquid, under pressure. When a system is activated, the liquid co2 flows through discharge pipework to specially designed nozzles. The agents low boiling point means that the liquid vaporises rapidly during the discharge, providing a penetrative three-dimensional action. The rapid expansion of the gaseous agent allows fires to be targeted even in the most inaccessible areas of the risk. Fire is extinguished by reducing the oxygen level in the risk area to the point where combustion cannot be sustained. Cooling is a secondary action of the agent; this feature is used in local applications where the liquid phase of the discharge is applied directly to the fire and risk materials. CO2 is fast and efficient The Kidde High Pressure co2 system uses a large bore discharge valve, enabling high mass flow rates to be achieved. The fast action of the

control system and valve enables the system to react within the first few seconds of a fire that can make the difference between a nuisance and a disaster. CO2 is clean Co2 is a colourless, odourless, dry, inert gas and is one of the most familiar of all chemicals. After extinguishing a fire it vapourises fully leaving no residue. There is no mess, nothing to clear up, no water damage. It is noncorrosive and will not contaminate foodstuffs. It is non-conductive and so can be used on energised electical equipment. It is safely used to protect delicate electrical equipment, antiquities or archive materials. CO2 is low cost Carbon dioxide is a standard commercial product with many other uses and it is readily available throughout the world. Because of its universal use it can be obtained cheaply and this is an important consideration when frequent recharging of storage containers is

CARBON DIOXIDE CO2

Control head with pilot cylinder

Solenoid for control head

Klem valve with metron actuator

Klem valve with solenoid actuation

Discharge nozzles

Manual pull box

Pressure Switch

Pressure Trip

Cylinder contents monitoring option

necessary as in local application systems, where fires may be more frequent. Benefits High flow Klem valve Manual or Automatic operation Pilot cylinder or Direct Acting Solenoid options Continuous weight monitoring option Design compliance with BS5306-4 Fully compatible with Kidde Extinguishing Contol Panels Typical applications Flammable liquid storage areas Printing presses, flow solder machines Quench tanks/exhaust fume ducts Paint spray booths Fryers/ovens EDP/computer rooms and floor voids* Commercial kitchens Industrial Fryers/ovens Transformers Generators
* co2 is not the agent of choice for manned areas, please contact KFP applications for more information.

System design Details of both total flooding and local application systems are contained in the KFP co2 Design Manual. Flexible design The wide range of components manufactured by Kidde enables systems to be engineered to suit individual customer requirements. Systems can be either automatically or manually operated and arranged to protect single or multi-zone hazards and with any number of reserve discharges. Automatic control can be achieved mechanically, pneumatically or electronically or by any combination of these to suit site conditions. Facilities are available for providing a pre-alarm and delayed discharge as well as various methods of preventing automatic release while protected rooms are occupied by personnel. Audible and visual indications of system control can be provided together with facilities to automatically shut fuel valves, fire doors, dampers and shutters by either mechanical or electrical devices.

co2 is stored in solid drawn steel cylinders manufactured to British Standards. The storage pressure varies with ambient temperature but is 58.6 bar at 21C. Any number of cylinders can be manifolded together and simultaneously released to provide the total design requirement of co2. Approvals Major approvals for the Kidde Products co2 system include: Factory Mutual (FM) Lloyds American Bureau of Shipping Det Norske Veritas Maritime and Coastguard Agency (UK DETR) Germanischer Lloyd

Extinguishing Control Panel

CARBON DIOXIDE CO2

Total Flooding Systems Total flooding systems extinguish fires by rapidly discharging co2 into an enclosed volume to create an atmosphere that is incapable of supporting combustion. The agent mixes homogenously within the risk area to generate a co2 concentration by volume of at least 34%. This concentration of co2 presents a serious hazard to personnel and under no circumstances should co2 be released into areas that may be manned at the time of discharge.
10 AIR EXHAUST DUCT

Total flood co2 systems are ideal for unmanned applications such as transformer rooms, remote switch rooms, generators and archives. All systems should be installed with safety systems in place to prevent the inadvertent release of agent into occupied spaces. Kidde offer time delays, isolating valves including distribution valves and control head lockout pins to facilitate the safe use of co2.

Legend 1 co2 cylinder assembly 2 Cylinder valve and actuator 3 Solenoid 4 Nitrogen pilot cylinder and control head 5 Manual push button 6 Pressure relief device 7 Isolating ball valve 8 Discharge pressure switch 9 Pilot bleed 10 Pressure trip 11 Extinguishing control panel 12 Status indicator unit 13 Status indicator with release control 14 1st stage alarm sounder 15 2nd stage alarm sounder 16 Discharge nozzle 17 Fire door 18 Smoke detector

Automatic CO2 Extinguishing system

SELF-CLOSING WEIGHT OPERATED DAMPER

18

16

FIRE DOOR

13

15

Key CO2 Electrical Transmission Path Pilot Circuit 14 11 12 FIRE DOOR 10 8 7 9 1 4

CARBON DIOXIDE CO2

Local Application This method of system design is used to protect hazards that are open or have only partial enclosure, situated within a larger area that would be unsafe or uneconomic to protect using a total flood system. Discharge nozzles are placed so as to provide direct agent flow at the points and areas prone to fire. The direct contact of the rapidly expanding co2 provides efficient cooling and the gas dramatically reduces the oxygen concentration in the hazard zone.

Local application systems are designed to provide extremely fast discharges to knock-down the fire in a matter of seconds. These systems are very effective and are often installed with connected reserve banks so that the system can be reinstated during the same shift as a fire event, while the empty cylinders are recharged.

Legend 1 co2 cylinder assembly 2 Cylinder valve and actuator 3 Pneumatic actuator 4 Nitrogen pilot cylinder and control head 5 Discharge pressure switch 6 Pressure relief device 7 Isolating ball valve 8 Pressure trip 9 Break glass pull box 10 Discharge nozzle, multi-jet horn 11 Pneumatic, rate of rise detector 12 Flanged, multi-jet nozzle

Mechanical Automatic, Local Application CO2 Extinguishing system

8 12

SELF-CLOSING WEIGHT OPERATED DAMPER 6 7 5 9

HOOD 3 4 10 2 OVEN

1 Key Pull Cable Detection Capillary QUENCH TANK CO2 Pipework Pilot Circuit 11 PIT

CARBON DIOXIDE CO2

System Information Total Flooding Systems Surface Fires Fires involving flammable liquids, gases or solid materials not subject to smouldering are known as surface type fires. The design concentration of co2 provided must be maintained for 10 minutes. Basic quantities of carbon dioxide for various space volumes may be calculated from Table 1. The basic quantity of co2 is factored according to the risk material. Some typical values are shown in Table 2. Deep Seated Fires A fire involving a solid material that is subject to smouldering is called a deep seated fire. Rooms containing these materials should have no openings that cannot be automatically closed, other than small openings or pressure vents near the top of the enclosure. Additional quantities of co2 are needed and held within the space for not less than 20 minutes. Recommended design concentrations for various hazards are shown in Table 3. Integrity and venting requirement Total flood suppression systems rely on the enclosure retaining the required gas concentration for a period of time known as the hold time. The ability of the hazard enclosure to retain the gas for the required hold is usually determined by door fan integrity

testing. If the test shows that the leakage would reduce the hold time below that specified for the fire type, additional co2 must be provided. The release of co2 into a tightly sealed enclosure could result in damage caused by pressure variations during discharge. Normally the natural leakage of an enclosure is adequate to prevent damage but in some cases pressure relief venting may be required. System Information Local Application Systems Volume Method The volume method of system design is used where the fire hazard consists of three dimensional irregular objects that cannot easily be reduced to equivalent surface area. The total discharge rate of the system is based on the volume of an assumed enclosure surrounding the hazard. The basic design rate is 16 kg min m-3 but this can be reduced according to the degree of existing enclosure on site. Area Method The quantity of carbon dioxide required is based upon the total discharge rate from a carefully sited nozzle arrangement, a sufficient number of nozzles being used to adequately cover the entire area on the basis of the unit area protected by each nozzle. For this method of design, where a horizontal or vertical flat surface is protected, nozzles are to be positioned in accordance with the guidance of the Kidde co2 design manual. The position and distance from the hazard has a critical effect

on the quantity of co2 required. This protection methodology is well suited to painting, dipping and drying type applications.

Table 1 to determine basic CO2 quantity

Volume - m >4 >4 >14 >45 >126 >1400 >14 >45 >126 >1400 3 Factor - kg.m 1.15 1.07 1.01 0.90 0.80 0.74 3

Table 2 to determine higher concentrations for specific hazards

Capitalise factor Acetylene Benzol Butadiene Ethyl Ether Ethylene Hexane Hydrogen Kerosene Petrol of 34% 2.5 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.1 3.2 1.0 1.0

Note: MCF of 1.0 is equal to a concentration

Table 3 concentrations for deep seated hazards (BS5306: 4)

Hazard Dry electrical wiring and insulation Computer equipment Data processing and tape storage Record stores/archives Dust collectors 2.25kg m-3 2.00kg m-3 2.70kg m-3 1.35kg m-3 1.50kg m-3 Flooding Factor

CARBON DIOXIDE CO2

Ordering information for typical pilot cylinder actuated co2 system (up to 10 off 45kg cylinders)
Description 45 kg co2 Cylinder (full) 2 Cylinder 1 Manifold 3 Cylinder 1 Manifold 4 Cylinder 1 Manifold 5 Cylinder 1 Manifold Combination of 1 or 1 1/4 manifolds as required Single Row M/Fold Bt. 1 Flexible Loop Pressure/Lever Actuator 2 Cylinder Backrack 3 Cylinder Backrack 2 Cylinder Frontstrap 3 Cylinder Frontstrap Single Row Rack Bolt inc nuts Hose/Pipe Adapter System Control Head Solenoid (std) 24V dc Pilot Cylinder Wall Mount Pilot Vent (Bleed) Pilot Loop (Long) Pilot Loop (Short) Single Cylinder Strap K24267D K97112 K62341 K17238 K17235 K13744 K13745 K62752 K62755 K62303 K62422B K62462 K62487 K24051 K93434 K93433 K62943 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 2 2 2 4 4 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 4 4 4 3 5 5 2 2 2 2 6 2 8 4 Part No. K24069/L/R or E7194-007 K21207 K21209 K21211 K21213 1 1 1 1 1 Cyl 1 2 Cyl 2 3 Cyl 3 4 Cyl 4 5 Cyl 5 6 Cyl 6 7 Cyl 7 8 Cyl 8 9 Cyl 9 10 Cyl 10

6 6

7 7 4 2 4 2 8

8 8 2 4 2 4 10

9 9 6 6 12

10 10 4 4 4 4 12

Other equipment to suit

MANIFOLD BRACKET K24267D TO PROTECTED AREA PILOT CO2 VENT K24051 SOLENOID K62422 B AND N2 CYLINDER K62462 CONTROL HEAD WALL MOUNT K62487 PILOT CO2 LOOP - SHORT K93433 PILOT CO2 LOOP - LONG K93434 CONTROL HEAD K62303, 24V, DC

specific systems Discharge nozzles Warning labels (metal or self-adhesive) Pressure switch Break glass pull box Pneumatic time delay unit Pressure relief devices Pressure Operated Direction valve Isolating valve Control and detection equipment Alarm devices Mechanical detection/actuation (As required)

1 MANIFOLD K21209 c/w CHECK VALVES 3 CYLINDER BACK RACK K17235 RACKBOLT K62752 INCLUDING NUTS AND WASHER 3 CYLINDER FRONT STRAP K13745

FLEXIBLE LOOP K97112 (OR ALTERNATIVE COPPER LOOP K21578)

45kg CO2 CYLINDERS K24069/L/R OR E7194-007

E L E C T R I C A L LY A C T U AT E D C O 2 S Y S T E M

Direct-acting CO2 Solenoid Designed for use with standard Kidde 45kg co2 cylinders, the directacting solenoid allows co2 systems to be actuated electrically without the need for a separate pilot nitrogen supply. The solenoid actuation system utilises a modified version of the existing cylinder valve, replacing the nitrogen pilot cylinder with a solenoid directly coupled to the co2 cylinder valve. The system also retains the facility for local manual release or via a mechanical pull cable. Operation The pressure/manual actuator (K62341) is fitted to the cylinder (Klem) valve, with the solenoid assembly (D8522-001) attached to the poppet orifice connection by means of a swivel nut and O-ring seal. The solenoid assembly has a flexible hose connection to the pressure/manual actuator.

In the unactivated state, the pneumatic actuator is subject only to atmospheric pressure and the Klem valve remains closed. On receipt of an electrical signal from an extinguishant release control panel, the solenoid coil is activated, releasing high pressure co2 from the cylinder. The co2 passes through a short flexible hose to the pressure/manual actuator, which then operates the Klem valve, allowing co2 to exit via the discharge port. Further co2 cylinders may be discharged by interconnecting the pressure/manual actuators using flexible pilot hoses (K93433).
Also available, Metron actuator c/w manual lever (D8521-002), ideal for single cylinder electrical operation.

E L E C T R I C A L LY A C T U AT E D C O 2 S Y S T E M

Specification
Voltage range Current at 28V DC Minimum firing pulse Electrical connection Maximum working pressure Current at 18V DC Nominal coil resistance Maximum firing pulse Operating temperature range Environmental protection 18V DC to 28V DC 526 mA 60mS DIN plug type DIN 43650 152.5 bar (g) 338 mA 53.2 ohm Unlimited -20C to +55C BS EN 60529 1991 IP65

Item
1 2 3 4 5

Part No.
D7226-007 D8522-001 K93433 K62341 D7564-001

Description
Klem valve & cylinder assembly Klem valve solenoid assembly Bundy tube, flexible loop Actuator, pressure/manual Bleed assembly

Quantity
1 1 1 1 1

BLEED ASSEMBLY

PRESSURE/MANUAL ACTUATOR

FLEXIBLE LOOP

MANUAL LEVER (SHOWN IN FIRED POSITION) SOLENOID ASSEMBLY

SAFETY PIN

KLEM VALVE (SPECIAL)

RETENTION PIN

CO2 CYLINDER

Kidde Fire Protection

UK Sales Office Head Office Thame Park Road, Thame, Oxfordshire OX9 3RT, UK. Tel: +44 (0)1844 265003. Fax: +44 (0)1844 256156. E-mail: info@kfp.co.uk Web: www.kfp.co.uk UK Sales Office Unit 12, Atley Way, North Nelson Industrial Estate, Cramlington, Northumberland NE23 1WA UK Tel: +44 (0)1670 713455. Fax: +44 (0)1670 735553 International Offices Dubai: Tel: +971 4 337 2498. Fax: +971 4 337 5088 Hong Kong: Tel: +852 2195 3688. Fax: +852 2743 7477 Singapore: Tel: +65 424 7979. Fax: +65 424 7978 Australia: Tel: +61 3 9765 3850. Fax: +61 3 9765 3800

E9832-055 01/02