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Seismic Data Processing

The document describes the seismic data processing workflow for 2D marine data, including pre-processing, velocity analysis, deconvolution, filtering, muting, normal moveout correction, stacking, and post-stack time and depth migration. The goals are to attenuate noise like low frequency noise, multiples, and diffractions, and improve reflector alignment and interpretability. Processing steps like velocity analysis, radon filtering, f-x deconvolution, and migration help reduce noises and move energy to the correct positions in time or depth. The overall workflow aims to improve signal-to-noise ratio and subsurface imaging.

Uploaded by

Diane Mahal KO
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2K views

Seismic Data Processing

The document describes the seismic data processing workflow for 2D marine data, including pre-processing, velocity analysis, deconvolution, filtering, muting, normal moveout correction, stacking, and post-stack time and depth migration. The goals are to attenuate noise like low frequency noise, multiples, and diffractions, and improve reflector alignment and interpretability. Processing steps like velocity analysis, radon filtering, f-x deconvolution, and migration help reduce noises and move energy to the correct positions in time or depth. The overall workflow aims to improve signal-to-noise ratio and subsurface imaging.

Uploaded by

Diane Mahal KO
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPS, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SEISMIC DATA PROCESSING

Pre - Processing Flow

SEGY Input, Resampling Geometry Geometry Assignment Velan 1 NMO Correction BPF, Low Freq. Filtering Muting TAR & AGC DBS NMO Correction Muting Stacking DAS Autocorrelation Velan after DBS Spectral Analysis Field Report Observer Report SPS File

1st STACK (Brute Stack)

Main Processing Flow

Decon CDP Gather

F-K Stacking

F-K Demultiple

Radon Demultiple

Radon Stacking

DMO STACK Velan for PSDM PSDM Post Stack MIG Velan for Mig PSTM Velan for PSTM

PSDM Stacking

PSTM Stacking

Filtering

Filtering

Filtering

Scalling

Scalling

Scalling

Final Stack

Segala sesuatu tidaklah sesulit yang kita lihat, segala sesuatu lebih menguntungkan daripada yang diduga, dan jika ada kemungkinan berhasil, maka hal itu akan benar-benar terjadi dan pada saat yang terbaik - Jim Dornan -

2D Marine Geometry
Auto-2D and Geometry Setup

2D Marine Geometry
SIN OPF

2D Marine Geometry
PAT OPF

2D Marine Geometry
Binning

2D Marine Geometry
TRC OPF

Shot Gather

Shot Gather with Trace Length (3500)


Spectral Analysis

Low Freq Noise Direct Wave Amplitude Not Recovered

True Amplitude Recovery (TAR)


Geometric Spreading Correction

Low Freq Noise decreased Direct Wave -- GONE Amplitude -- Recovered

TAR Test

TAR Test

Shot Gather After AGC

Low Freq Noise increased

Amplitude -- reduced

Shot Gather After AGC


with AGC operator length 500

Trace Muting/Editing
Top Mute /Low Cut

TAR & AGC

Bandpass Filter
Spectral Analysis

Deconvolution
Spectral Analysis

Deconvolution (Minimum Phase Predictive)

Shot Gather

TAR+AGC+MUTE

Bandpass

Decon

Kemampuan Anda mengembangkan orang lain merupakan cara bagi Anda untuk maju ke depan. Cara terbaik untuk maju ke depan adalah mengajarkan kepada orang lain untuk maju ke depan - Donald K David-

CDP Gather Pre Process Before Decon

CDP Gather Pre Process After Decon

Spectral Analysis
Input : Shot Gather

Spectral Analysis
Input : After Bandpass

Spectral Analysis
Input : After Deconvolution following bandpass

Velocity Analysis I

Velocity Analysis I Editor


RMS Velocity

Velocity Analysis I Editor


RMS Velocity

CDP gather with NMO(Vel 1)


Input Data : After Decon

Stack Before Deconvolution

Water bottom Multiple (Near)

Stack After Deconvolution Brute Stack

How about this?

Water bottom Multiple (near) -- GONE

Spectral Analysis Brute Stack

Optimisme yang sesungguhnya adalah menyadari adanya masalah tetapi mengenali pemecahannya, mengetahui adanya kesulitan tetapi yakin bahwa itu dapat diatasi, melihat yang negatif tetapi menekankan yang positif, menghadapi yang terburuk tetapi mengharap yang terbaik, punya alasan untuk mengeluh tetapi memilih untuk tersenyum - William Arthur Ward -

Radon Filter 1

Radon Filter 1

CDP gather with NMO(Vel 1) Radon 1

Stack
CDP gather with NMO(Vel 1) Radon 1

Velocity Analysis II

Velocity Analysis II Editor


RMS Velocity II

Velocity Analysis II Editor


RMS Velocity II

Interval Velocity

Interval Velocity Single

CDP gather with NMO(Vel II)

Stack
CDP gather with NMO(Vel 2) Radon 1

Radon Filter II

Radon Filter II

CDP gather with NMO(Vel II) Radon II

CDP gather 5000


From Pre-Process NMO & Radon Filter

CDP gather Pre-Process

CDP gather with NMO (Vel I)

CDP gather with NMO (Vel I) Radon I

CDP gather with NMO (Vel 2) Radon I

CDP gather with NMO (Vel II) Radon II

CDP gather 5250


From Pre-Process NMO & Radon Filter

CDP gather Pre-Process

CDP gather with NMO (Vel I)

CDP gather with NMO (Vel I) Radon I

CDP gather with NMO (Vel 2) Radon I

CDP gather with NMO (Vel II) Radon II

CDP gather 5500


From Pre-Process NMO & Radon Filter

CDP gather Pre-Process

CDP gather with NMO (Vel I)

CDP gather with NMO (Vel I) Radon I

CDP gather with NMO (Vel 2) Radon I

CDP gather with NMO (Vel II) Radon II

CDP gather 5750


From Pre-Process NMO & Radon Filter

CDP gather Pre-Process

CDP gather with NMO (Vel I)

CDP gather with NMO (Vel I) Radon I

CDP gather with NMO (Vel 2) Radon I

CDP gather with NMO (Vel II) Radon II

CDP gather 6000


From Pre-Process NMO & Radon Filter

CDP gather Pre-Process

CDP gather with NMO (Vel I)

CDP gather with NMO (Vel I) Radon I

CDP gather with NMO (Vel 2) Radon I

CDP gather with NMO (Vel II) Radon II

Brute Stack

Stack
CDP gather with NMO(Vel 2) Radon 2

Stack
Using F-X Deconvolution

Stack
Using TVS

Kalau Anda tidak menyadari siapa diri Anda dan di mana Anda berada sekarang, jangan meresahkannya karena Anda tidak harus terikat dengan siapa diri Anda atau dimana Anda berada sekarang. Anda bisa tambah, Anda bisa berubah, Anda bisa lebih dari diri Anda sekarang - Zig Ziglar -

Post Stack Time Migration


Using Reverse Time T-K Migration (Interval Velocity Single)

Post Stack Time Migration


Using Implicit FD Time Migration (Interval Velocity)

Post Stack Depth Migration


Using Implicit FD Depth Migration (Interval Velocity)

Post Stack Time Migration


Using Fast Explicit FD Time Migration (Interval Velocity)

Post Stack Time Migration


Using Steep Dip Explicit FD Time Migration (Interval Velocity)

Post Stack Depth Migration


Using Explicit FD Depth Migration (Interval Velocity in Depth)

Interval Velocity in Depth

Post Stack Time Migration


Using Stolt 2D F-K Migration Stolt Strecth Factor (W=1)

Post Stack Time Migration


Using Phase Shift 2D Migration
Migration of dip ( Up to 90 degree only)

Post Stack Time Migration


Using Kirchhoff Time Migration

Post Stack Depth Migration


Using Kirchhoff Depth Migration

Berpikir secara baik berarti membiarkan otak bekerja secara fleksibel. Jangan biarkan proses berpikir Anda menjadi kaku, karena itu akan menyulitkan Anda untuk berpikir secara lain - Richard Denny -

Common Offset

Pre Stack Kirchhoff Time Migration (PSTM) PSTM Gather

Pre Stack Kirchhoff Time Migration (PSTM)

Velocity RMS for PSTM

Pre Stack Kirchhoff Depth Migration (PSDM) PSDM Gather

Pre Stack Kirchhoff Depth Migration (PSDM)

Conclusion

Problems to data: poor quality due to low S/N ratio, can only cover reflections until ~3000 ms Gain recovery is necessary to bring up the amplitude decay at late travel time due to attenuation of earth layer and geometrical spreading of expanding waveform. Noises are: Low frequency noise (below 2 Hz), water bottom multiple, direct wave, reverberations, and diffractions. Predictive decon gives reliable solutions to reduce reverberations, help reduce short period multiple but fail to reduce long period multiple Velocity analysis gives a good estimation of RMS velocity for NMO correction; looking at the result, velocity is increasing with depth, with small lateral variation Radon filter gives better result in reducing long period multiple, but still left some part of multiple energy FX decon after stack is more better than before stack section. Line Moncex is not sensitive to migration, because of the low dip structure

Noises on 2D Marine Data

Direct wave

Low frequency Noise Unmigrated reflector

Multiples

Diffraction

Jalan yang kita lewati mungkin berbedabeda, tetapi yakinlah dengan jalan yang kita lewati itu, kelak pasti akan memberi manfaat buat kita. Tetapi tidak menutup kemungkinan jika jalan yang kita lewati bercabang dan memberi banyak pilihan buat kita, mau pilih jalan yang mana? Up 2 U - Pranowo Moncex Nugroho -

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