PROFIBUS

What a fieldbus system needs to offer

deterministic (since parallel wiring will be replaced)

flexible

interoperable (multi-vendor use)

cost effective (installation, startup, service)

reliable and safe

easy to use

standardization

Chapter 1
Date 11/04/99, page 1
 PROFIBUS
EN 50170

EN 50170 Volume 2

General Purpose Factory Automation Process Automation

Automation

PROFIBUS-FMS PROFIBUS-DP PROFIBUS-PA

RS 485 / FO RS 485 / FO IEC 1158-2

Universal Fast Application Oriented

- Large variety of applications - Plug and play - Powering over the bus
- Multi-master communication - Efficient and cost effective - Intrinsic safety

Chapter 1
Date 11/04/99, page 2
 INTERNATIONAL

More than 900 members - 23 regional user associations
PROFIBUS
PROFIBUSInternational
International

America
America Africa
Africa Europe
Europe Asia
Asia Australia
Australia
Austria
Brazil China Australia
South Africa Belgium
USA Japan New Zealand
Czech Republic
Denmark Korea
Finland Singapore
France
Germany
Ireland
Italy
Netherlands
Norway
Russia
Sweden
Switzerland
United Kingdom *Status: Q3/1999

Chapter 1
Date 11/04/99, page 3
 PRODUCT Variety
Drives Controllers
AC Drives PLC/NC/RC
Software Drivers
DC Drives VME, PC DOS/Windows/NT/95
Tools
Workstation RT-OS/OS9/VRTX
Configuration
VxWorks/PSOS+
Bus Monitor
OS2, QNX
Decentralized I/O Engineering
Network components UNIX/VMS
Binary I/O
Analog I/O Repeaters Services
Fiber optics
Host Interfaces
Regulators Development Support
VAX computers
Timer Cables Implementation Support
VME computers
Counter Training
MMI
Ident-Systems
Operator Panels Instruments
Level Gateways
Valves Text Displays
Flow AS-Interface
Pneumatic Valves
Pressure Proprietary networks
Magnetic Valves
Temperature
Chapter 1
Date 11/04/99, page 4
Factory Ethernet/TCP/IP TCP/IP/Ethernet
level Area
Controller
Bus Cycle PC/VME
Time
< 1000 ms CNC

Cell
Level
PROFIBUS-FMS RS-485/FO
Bus Cycle VME/PC
Time PLC DCS
< 100 ms

Field PROFIBUS-DP RS-485/FO PROFIBUS-PA IEC 1158-2

Level

Bus Cycle-
Time
< 10 ms

Chapter 1
Date 11/04/99, page 5
 EN 50170 - 2

The PROFIBUS Protocol is in Accordance with the ISO/OSI
Reference Model for Open Systems

FMS DP PA
DP-Profiles PA-Profiles
Layer

FMS
User Device DP-Extensions
Profiles
DP Basic Functions

Application Fieldbus Message

(7)
Specification

(3)-(6) not used

Data Link Fieldbus Data Link (FDL) IEC Interface

(2)

Physical RS-485 / Fiber Optic IEC 1158-2

(1)

EN 50 170 PROFIBUS guidelines + profiles

(page 14 in the binder) Chapter 1

Date 11/04/99, page 6
 Bus Access

The PROFIBUS Bus Access Method combines

Multi-Master and Master-Slave communications

Active Stations, Master Devices

PC
PLC

PROFIBUS

Passive Stations(Slave Devices) are polled

Chapter 1
Date 11/04/99, page 7
 Bus Access

the PROFIBUS Bus Access Protocol (Layer 2) is

identical for all three PROFIBUS variations

this enables transparent communication and easy
combinations of FMS/DP/PA Network sections

Because FMS/DP use the same Physical Media (RS-
485/FO), they can be combined on the same cable

Active Stations, Master Devices

PLC PC PLC

PROFIBUS

Chapter 1
Date 11/04/99, page 8
 Bus Access

Hybrid Bus Access Protocol

Token-Passing between Masters
Master - Slave Protocol between Master and Slaves

Master

active stations with the right to control the bus for a
limited amount of time (Token - Hold - Time)

Slave

Slaves only respond on request of a Master -
they have no rights to control the bus

Chapter 1
Date 11/04/99, page 9
 Bus Access

in Multi-Master Networks, the Token Passing procedure
must ensure that each master has enough time to fulfill its
communication tasks

the user therefore configures the overall Target Token
Rotation Time (TTR) taking into account the
communication tasks of all masters

each Master calculates the available amount of time for its
communication tasks at token receipt according to the
following rule:

TTH = Token Hold Time

TTR = Target Token Rotation Time TTH = TTR - TRR
TRR = Real Token Rotation Time

Chapter 1
Date 11/04/99, page 10
 FMS, DP, PA

FMS stands for Fieldbus Messaging System

peer to peer communication

DP stands for Decentralized Periphery

fast data exchange

PA stands for Process Automation

intrinsically safe environment

Chapter 1
Date 11/04/99, page 11
 FMS/DP In Common

DP and FMS are based on same Layer 1 and 2:

DP and FMS can be operated on the same bus

Message header and data length are identical

The bus physics are identical

One master can service several slaves

Several masters can participate on the bus

Baudrates from 9.6 kBd up to 12 MBd are possible

Chapter 1
Date 11/04/99, page 12
 FMS/DP In Common

Data transmission can be between 1 and 244 bytes

126 stations can be connected

System can consist of several segments

32 stations (RS 485 drivers) per segment

Common components

Cabling, connectors, repeater, fibre optic

Savings in maintenance and spare parts inventory

Chapter 1
Date 11/04/99, page 13
 PA/DP In Common

DP and PA are based on the same protocol

definition - DP/V1 (extended DP)

DP and PA can use the same master systems

Message header and data length are identical

Configuration tools are the same

Data transmission can be between 1 and 244 bytes

Chapter 1
Date 11/04/99, page 14
 PA/DP In Common

PLC or PC with PROFIBUS

PROFIBUS-DP, up to 12 Mbit/s

DP-Slave

DP/AS-i
DP/PA coupler,
24 V DP/PA link
link

PA - 31.25 kBd

PROFIBUS-PA
Actuator/Sensor interface

Chapter 1
Date 11/04/99, page 15
 FMS Features

FMS is optimized for universal, object oriented

communication of intelligent master devices at the
cell level

FMS permits a subset of the MMS-Functions
(Manufacturing Message Specification, ISO 9506)

A slave can be assigned to several masters

Several masters can write to the same slave

Communication connections can be temporary or

permanent

Communication is defined in a communication
relation list

Chapter 1
Date 11/04/99, page 16
 FMS Services

The FMS application layer (7) consists of the

following parts:

The Fieldbus Message Specification (FMS) and

the Lower Layer Interface (LLI)

FMS services are a subset of the MMS services

(MMS=Manufacturing Message Specification, ISO 9506)

have been optimized for field bus applications and have been
expanded by functions for communication object administration
and network management

Chapter 1
Date 11/04/99, page 17
 FMS Services
virtual field device (VFD).
 The PROFIBUS-FMS communication model permits distributed
application processes to be unified into a common process by
using communication relationships.

The portion of an application process in a field device which can be
reached via communication is called a virtual field device (VFD)

Chapter 1
Date 11/04/99, page 18
 FMS Services

Context Management services are for
establishing and terminating logical connections.

Variable Access services are used to access
variables, records, arrays or variable lists.

Domain Management services are used to
transmit large memory areas. The data must be
divided into segments by the user.

Program Invocation Management services are
used for program control.

Event Management services are used to
transmit alarm messages. These messages can
also be sent as broadcast or multicast
transmissions.

VFD Support services are used for
identification and status polling. They can also be
sent spontaneously at the request of a device as
multicast or broadcast transmissions.

OD Management services are used for read and
write access to the object dictionary.
Chapter 1
Date 11/04/99, page 19
 FMS Services

Confirmed services can only

be used for connection-
oriented communication
relationships. The execution of
a service is shown in Figure

Unconfirmed services can

also be used on connectionless
communication relationships
(broadcast and multicast). They
can be transmitted with high or
low priority.

Chapter 1
Date 11/04/99, page 20
 FMS Features

FMS access procedure

Slave 1 Slave 2 Slave 3 Slave x

Chapter 1
Date 11/04/99, page 21
 PA Features

Based on the extended PROFIBUS-DP Protocol and

IEC 1158-2 Transmission

Suitable to replace today's 4...20 mA Technology

Only two wires for data and power

Connects Instruments to the control system via a serial
bus

Functional improvements plus reliable serial digital
transmission

Control, regulation and monitoring via a simple twisted pair
cable

A single engineering tool for all devices

Chapter 1
Date 11/04/99, page 22
 PA Features

Typical System Configuration with PROFIBUS-PA

Area Controller (PLC) Engineering

or
B&B Tool H2
εx
PROFIBUS-DP RS 485 up to 12 MBit/s

+ εx
I IEC 1158-2 with 31,25 kBit/s

PROFIBUS-PA
Segment-
coupler/Link
Transmitter H1

Chapter 1
Date 11/04/99, page 23
 DP Features

DP communication is permanent and cyclic

the transmitted data is specified during the
configuration (optimized data exchange)

only one master can write outputs (safety aspect)

data can be read by controlling and Class 2 master

acyclic data via DPV1 functions

alarm acknowledgment

fastest fieldbus system (up to 12 MBaud)

up to 244 byte input AND 244 byte output data per
station

Chapter 1
Date 11/04/99, page 24
 DP Features

DP- Access Procedure

Master - Token exchange

Class 2

Slave 1 Slave 2 Slave 3 Slave x

Chapter 1
Date 11/04/99, page 25
 Reliability-DP/FMS

Hamming Distance HD = 4

HD 4 means, that up to 3 transmission failures at a
time can be detected (done by the ASICs)

By detecting a faulty telegram, it will be resent
automatically without affecting other existing stations

HD 4 is a term used to describe the reliability of the
data transmission on the Profibus network.

Special Start and End Sentinels

Parity Bit for Each Byte

Slip Free

According to IEC 870-5-1

Delimiter Synchronization

Chapter 1
Date 11/04/99, page 26
 PROFIBUS Wiring

PROFIBUS DP/FMS wiring can be done with:

twisted shielded pair copper cable

fiber optic components

infrared components

detailed installation guideline is available

PTO order no. 2.112

Chapter 1
Date 11/04/99, page 27
 PROFIBUS Wiring

twisted shielded pair cable

line parameters are defined in EN 50170

standard cable available from Belden and Siemens

standard connectors available
Baudrate Max. Segment length Max. Expansion
9.6 1000m / 3278feet 10,000m / 32786feet
19.2 1000m / 3278feet 10,000m / 32786feet
93.75 1000m / 3278feet 10,000m / 32786feet
187.5 1000m / 3278feet 10,000m / 32786feet
500.0 400m / 1311feet 4,000m / 13114feet
1,500.0 200m / 655feet 2,000m / 6557feet
3,000.0 100m / 327feet 1,000m / 3270feet
6,000.0 100m / 327feet 1,000m / 3270feet
12,000.0 100m / 327feet 1,000m / 3270feet
max. expansion is done with 9 repeaters in a row

Chapter 1
Date 11/04/99, page 28
 PROFIBUS Wiring

fiber optic components

plastic and glass fiber optic is available

optical plugs and modules are available

noise immune

potential difference independent

longer distances (up to 20 miles)

redundant operating is possible

line, ring and star configuration

Chapter 1
Date 11/04/99, page 29
 PROFIBUS Wiring

infrared components

wireless linking of devices in close-up ranges

communication with moving devices

communication with changing devices

noise immune

ground independent

Chapter 1
Date 11/04/99, page 30
 PROFIBUS Wiring

Redundancy Improves System Reliability
System redundancy Media redundancy

FO FO
coupler coupler

Two devices
per measuring
point
FO FO
coupler coupler

Several interfaces enable Fiber optic segments

redundant systems enable redundant wiring
Chapter 1
Date 11/04/99, page 31
 DP Details
 class 1 master -

central controller which exchanges data with the
connected I/O devices (slaves)

determines the baudrate

handles the Token

several class1 masters are permitted, typical devices are
PLC, PC
 class 2 master -

diagnostic and startup tool, typically a configuration tool

can control one slave at a time
 slave station -

passive station which acknowledges messages or answers
per request

Chapter 1
Date 11/04/99, page 32
 DP Details

master- master, master- slave communication

Class 1 Master Reading Slave Diagnosis, Class 2 Master

Upload, Download
Activating Bus Parameter. Download,
Activating/,Deact. Slaves, Operating Mode

Reading Diagnosis
Parameter Assignment
Reading Diagnosis Configuring
Parameter Assignment Address Change
Configuring Reading Configuration
Data Exchange Reading I/O
Controlling of one Slave

Slave

a device can consist of multiple functions, e.g.... class1 and class2, class1 and slave
Chapter 1
Date 11/04/99, page 33
 DP Details
 A device can consist of multiple functions, e.g... class1
and class2, class1 and slave, which allows:

a simple master master communication via the master -
slave combination

whenever one master has the token the other PLC can be a
slave to this master
PLC1 - master and slave
PLC PLC
PLC2 - master and slave

Chapter 1
Date 11/04/99, page 34
 DP Details
 Master - Master communication by using a DP-DP gateway

combination of two mono master systems

simple data exchange between the two masters up to 244
byte

PLC PLC

Chapter 1
Date 11/04/99, page 35
 Interoperability

Open Configuration permits Plug and Play

PROFIBUS
n
atio
configuration tool
ig u r
on f
te mc
Sys

PLC
GSD GSD GSD GSD GSD GSD

Electronic Device Data Sheets (GSD-file)

PROFIBUS

Chapter 1
Date 11/04/99, page 36
 Device Description
 GSD file

each slave or master class 1 device on PROFIBUS DP
needs to have a device description file, the characteristic
of each PROFIBUS-DP device is described in the GSD-File

the GSD-file contains all device specific parameters e.g.:

Supported Baudrate

Supported Message Length

Number of input / output data

Meaning of diagnostic messages

Options for modular devices e.g. which are available

text file (ASCII-format)

each configuration tool relates to the GSD information

Chapter 1
Date 11/04/99, page 37
 Device Description

GSD-Files are created by the device vendors

the PROFIBUS Trade Organization provides an GSD-Editor
which makes it very easy to create GSD-Files

the GSD-Editor contains a GSD-Checker which guarantees
the conformance of the GSD-Files to the PROFIBUS
standard

a library of GSD-Files is provided at the PROFIBUS web
page: http://www.profibus.com

Chapter 1
Date 11/04/99, page 38
 Device Description
# P r o f ib u s _ D P (M )
: < P R M - T e x t _ D e f _ L is t > (O )
P rm T e x t =
… … .. Parameter text (O)
E n d P rm T E x t

; < E x t - U s e r _ P r m _ D a t a _ D e f _ L is t > (O )
E x tU s e rP rm D a ta =
… … … . ext. user parameter data (O)
E n d E x tU s e rP rm D a ta

; < U n it _ D e f in it io n _ L is t > (M )
G S D _ R e v is io n = 1
V e n d o r_ N a m e =
… … ..
mandatory general data (M)
… … .

; S la v e s p e c if ic d a t a (M )
F re e z e _ m o d e _ s u p p o rte d =
… … .. generic slave data (M)
… …
;U s e r_ P rm _ d a ta
… … .
; U n it _ d ia g n o s t ic
device related slave data (O)
… … ..

; < M o d u le _ D e f in it io n _ L is t (M )
M o d u le =
… … . I/O definition (M)
E n d M o d u le

Chapter 1
Date 11/04/99, page 39
 DP Interactions
DP Extended

 Why DP extended?

the requirements of the process industry are included

selecting and changing parameters of a field device from
several DP-Masters, e.g.. CPU, PG or HMI Devices

provides for higher flexibility in operation

Interrupts from Field Devices, e.g.. for diagnostics, have

to be accepted by the DP-Master

allows for greater security

time stamping of events, e.g.. for interrupts, accurate

history of special events

additional data formats are necessary for transmitting
data, e.g.. floating-point-radix

Chapter 1
Date 11/04/99, page 40
 DP Extended

DP-Extension
PROFIBUS-DP-Standard • Additional
acyclic messages between Master and Slave
by reading and writing of data blocks

• Acknowledgment of field device interrupts

New extended

• Time synchronization for an exact time stamping

• Extension of data types, floating-point-radix

PROFIBUS-DP-Standard !

 every station that handles the DP-extensions must meet the

previous PROFIBUS-DP-Standard-Functions!

Chapter 1
Date 11/04/99, page 41
 DP Extended

 Acyclic communication connections between Class 1

Master and Slave via Slave SAP 51

Read data set (DDLM_Read)

Write data set (DDLM_Write)

Acknowledge alarms (DDLM_Alarm_Ack)

Only the master that parameterized and configured the
slave can utilize the SAP 51 for these services also

Alarm can only be acknowledged by the Class 1
Master via SAP 51 (access protection)

Chapter 1
Date 11/04/99, page 42
 DP Extended

 Acyclic communication relations between Class 2

Master and Slave via SAP 0…49

Initiate (MSAC2_Initiate) - SAP 49

Abort (MSAC2_Abort)

Read Data Set (MSAC2_Read)

Write Data Set (MSAC2_Write)

Data Transport (MSAC2_Data_Transport)

Chapter 1
Date 11/04/99, page 43
 Network Setup

class 1 master
class 2 master

termination

termination

Chapter 1
Date 11/04/99, page 44
 PIC certification

How to certify a device!

• Vendor applies for an ID number from PROFIBUS International (PI)
for his device
• Vendor develops the PROFIBUS device and writes a GSD file

Applies for Certification test at any PROFIBUS Test Lab

refused

NO Test passed ?

YES
Vendor receives two test reports and can apply for a certificate via PI

CERTIFICATE

Chapter 1
Date 11/04/99, page 45
 Profibus & Ethernet

The PROFIBUS User Organization is currently working

on the implementation of universal concepts for vertical
integration on the basis of Ethernet TCP/IP

Chapter 1
Date 11/04/99, page 46
 PROFInet

Automation object model according to the Microsoft
COM/DCOM standard

Communication: TCP(UDP)/IP and DCOM wire protocol
devices

Object handling in
engineering and HMI:
Microsoft OLE,
ActiveX

Integration of existing
unchanged PROFIBUS
bus segments and
PROFIBUS based
devices
Chapter 1
Date 11/04/99, page 47
Chapter 1
Date 11/04/99, page 48