The following slides covers the concepts you are expected to master in this unit.

Further review material can also be found in chapter 11 of your text book. page 583 Relations and functions. page 598 Graphs of linear equations. page 606 Using intercepts. page 612 Slope. page 622 Slope-intercept form.

What do the sections of a distance time graph mean? Going Up Steeply: The distance is changing quickly: Going fast forward: Going Up Slowly The distance is changing slowly: Going slowly forward: Horizontal: The distance isnt changing: Stopped: Going Down: The distance from the start is decreasing: Going back towards the start: Under the axis: The distance is negative: Going behind the start:

Describe the situation shown by this graph:

Standard Axis for Graphing

Plotting points on graphs

Coordinate pairs are written as (x , y).

Plot the following points (2,3) (2,-3) (-3,-4) (-4,5)

Quadrants
The top right corner of the graph is quadrant I Moving anticlockwise they are numbered II, III, IV.
Which quadrant is point (-2,-3) in?

Relations and Functions.

A relation is a set of ordered pairs that relate an input to an output A function is a relation where every input has exactly one output Is this example a relation or a function?

x y 2 3 3 7 5 -6 2 3 5 -6

quadrant III
Which quadrant is point (1,-5) in?

quadrant IV
Which quadrant is point (2,4) in?

Each time when x has a value of 2 there is the same value for y. Each time when x has a value of 5 there is the same value for y It is a function.

quadrant I
Which quadrant is point (-3,4) in?

quadrant II

See page 583 of your textbook

Is this example a function?

x y 3 1 4 5 3 2 5 6 7 7
One time when x has a value of 3 the value for y is 1. Another time when x has a value of 3 the value for y is 2 No it is not a function because there are two outputs for one input.

Is this example a function?

Is this a function?

Imagine a vertical line and move it across perpendicular to the x-axis so that you are looking at different x-values Imagine a vertical line and move it across perpendicular to the x-axis so that you are looking at different x-values The vertical line test shows that every input has only one output so it is a function It is not a function because the vertical line test shows that there is more than one output for an input

Matching Coordinate pairs with equations.

Is the point 2,1 on the line with an equation y 3x 5

The values of a point are (x,y) so point 2,1 tells us x 2 and y 1

Put those values into the equation

y 3x 5 1 3 2 5

This is true so the point is on the line.

Is the point -3,2 on the line with an equation y 2x 5

1 6 5

The values of a point are (x,y) so point -3,2 tells us x 3 and y 2

Put those values into the equation

y 2x 5 2 2 3 5 2 6 5

This is not true so the point is not on the line.

Drawing a graph from a data table.

Draw the graph for this data. x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 y -7 -5 -3 -1 1 3 5

Draw the graph of y 1 x 1 2

To draw a straight line you only need to know two points but we normally do three points as a way to check. Choose three x-values that make the calculations easy

1. Choose scales for your axis. 2. Go to the x-value on the horizontal axis then go up or down for the y-value and mark the point.

x -4 0 4

y -1 1 3

Mark the points on the graph and draw the line

Type of Functions. There are 3 types of functions you need to be able to recognise from graphs and data tables Linear functions. An example is y=2x-1 Fill in the data table. Do the graph on paper Use your calculator to do the graph.

x -2 -1 0 1 2

y -5 -3 -1 1 5

Quadratic functions. An example is y= x2-1 Fill in the data table. Do the graph on paper Use your calculator to do the graph.

x -2 -1 0 1 2

y 3 0 -1 0 3

Use your calculator to explore the shapes of the different functions.

Exponential functions. An example is y= 2x-1 Fill in the data table. Do the graph on paper Use your calculator to do the graph.

x -2 -1 0 1 2

y -0.75 -0.5 0 1 3

Linear function ideas. yx y x y 2x y 2x y 3x y 3x y 2x 3 y 2x 3

Quadratic function ideas. y x2 y x

2

Exponential function ideas. y 2x y 2 x y 3x y 3x y 3x 2 y 2x 3 y 2x 3

y 2x 2 y 2x 2 y 3x
2 2

y 3x
2

y x2 3 y x 3

Domain and Range:

Domain: The domain of a function is the set of all possible input values Range: The range is the set of all possible output values

Find the domain and range. Can you recognise the type of function?

Where is domain plotted on a graph? horizontal axis Where is range plotted on a graph? vertical axis Discuss the domain and range for this function.

domain: all number range: all number above 3

Representations of Functions. Functions can be represented as descriptions, data tables, graphs or equations. In this case you are given the description and need to do the data table and graph. Description: Video To Go charges 50 php per DVD plus 500 php to become a member. The yearly cost of renting DVDs is a function of the # of DVDs rented. Make a data table and graph from this description. # of DVDs 0 10 20 30 40 Cost (php)

In this case you are given the graph and you need to create the data table and make a description that fits the graph. Time (secs) 0 Depth (cm) 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 1 2 3 4 5 Data table: Choose appropriate domain and range. Description: Share your ideas with your neighbour. 6 7 8

In this case you are given the data table and you need to create the graph and make a description that fits the data table. Time (mins) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Distance (km) 50 50 50 40 30 20 10 0 Graph: Choose appropriate domain and range. Description: Share your ideas with your neighbour.

Equations of linear functions.

The general form of the equation is y mx+b.

m slope

vertical change y horizontal change x

b y-intercept

Find the Equation from this Graph.

The general form of the equation is y mx+b.
Choose two points from the graph and draw a triangle.
Start from the left hand side of the triangle and find the length of the sides.

Find the Equation for these Graphs.

y 3 = -3 slope = = x 1 Put the slope in for "m" y 3x+b

Find the y-intercept

Look for the y-value when x 0

y 5 Put the y-intercept in for "b" and write the equation. y 3x 5

Find the Equation for these Graphs.

Find the Equation from this Data Table.

The general form of the equation is y mx+b.

Choose two points from the data table

x -3 -2 -1 0 1

y 1 -1 -3 -5 -7

If I choose 0,-5 and 1,-7 the y is -2 and the x is 1

slope=

y x

2 1

= -2

Find the y-intercept Look for the y-value when x 0

y 5
Put the y-intercept in and write the equation.

y 2x 5

Find the Equation from these Data Tables.

x 8 6 4 2 0 -2 y 7 4 1 -2 -5 -8 x -4 -2 0 2 4 6 y 1 2 3 4 5 6 x -9 -7 -5 -3 -1 1 y -4 -2 0 2 4 6 x 3 4 5 6 7 8 y 10 13 16 19 22 25

Find the Equation from these Data Tables.

x y x -6 -5 y 1 6 x 6 8 10 12 14 16 y -4 -2 0 2 4 6

-18 -5 -16 -2 -14 1 -12 4 -10 7 -8 10

-4 11 -3 16 -2 21 -1 26

Finding the equation from a point and a slope.

A slope of 2 through point 4,9
The general form of the equation is y=mx+b. So put in what you know.

Find the equation from this information.

y 2x+b
Use the other information you are told point (4,9)

1. Slope 3 through point 1,5 2. Slope 2 through point 2,9 3. Slope 4. Slope 5. Slope
2 through point 5 -1 through point 4 1 through point 2

y=2x+b becomes 9=2(4)+b 9=8+b b=1

10,3 4, 1 6, 5

The equation is y 2x+1

Finding the equation from two points.

Find the equation from these coordinate pairs.

Through point 6,9 and 8,15

The general form of the equation is y=mx+b. So put in what you know.

1. 2,3 and 4,9 2. 3,7 and 6,9 3. 3, 2 and 12,4 4. 5,3 and 1,11 5. 2, 3 and 4,1 6. 4, 1 and 8, 3 7. 6, 3 and 10, 7

slope =
y 9 9 b

y x

6 2

=3

Use the other information you are told point (6,9)

= 3x+b = 3(6)+b =18+b = -9

The equation is y 3x - 9

Drawing a graph using slope and y-intercept.

4 and y-intercept 2 Example : Slope 3

Draw a graph from this information.

Make the y-intercept on the graph. We know the y-intercept is -2 Start from the point you know and use the slope to find a second point.

1. Slope 3 and y-intercept -2 2. Slope 2 and y-intercept 3 3. Slope 4. Slope 5. Slope

2 and y-intercept -1 5 -1 and y-intercept 1 4 1 and y-intercept 4 2

We know the slope is

y 4 so 3 x

4 3

Start from the point we know and go across 3 for x then up 4 for y. Put a point Draw a line through the two points.

Drawing a graph using a point and a slope.

2 through point 3,4 Example slope 5

Draw a graph from this information.

Make the point on the graph. We know the point is (-3,4) Start from the point you know and use the slope to find a second point.
2 We know the slope is - 5 y 2 so x 5

1. Slope 3 through point 1,5 2. Slope 2 through point 3,1 3. Slope 4. Slope 5. Slope
2 through point 5 -1 through point 4 1 through point 2

Start from the point we know and go down 2 for y then across 5 for x . Put a point Draw a line through the two points.

2, 3 4, 1 6,5

Drawing a graph using x-intercept and y-intercept.

Draw a graph using x-intercept and y-intercept.

Example : 4x 8 2y

Find the y-intercept. Use x = 0

4(0) 8 2y 8 2y
8 2

1. 3x 4y 12 2. 12 2y 6x 3. 5y 2x 10 4. 3 4x 2y 5. 12 3y 5x 6. 2y 5x 7

y4
Find the x-intercept. Use y = 0

4x 8 2 0 4x 8 0 4 x 8 x 2
Put the points on the graph. Draw a line through the two points.

Linear Regression.
Use the functions on your calculator to find the equation and plot the graph for these data tables. Then find the equation for your data from the bouncing ball experiment. Age (years) Boys (cm) 2

Equations From Statistics The table below gives data for the average height of boys. 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

87.5 103.4 117.5 130.0 140.3 149.6 162.7 171.6

x 0.5 0.8

y 5 6

g 12 14

h 9 10

0.5 4.5

-3 11 -2 9 -1 7 0 1 5 3

-1 1.833 1 3.1667 3 5 6 4.5 5.833 6.5

15 10.5 17 11.5 28 17

0.9 6.5 1.5 9.5

1. Find the equation of the line of best fit for the height of the boys as a function of their ages. 2. If an average boy is 137cm high how old is he? Explain your method. 3. If an average boy is 17 years old how tall is he? Explain your method. Use linear regression on your calculator to get the equations using x for the age and y for the height and then answer the questions.

1. The equation is y 5.9x 79.7 2. The boy is 9.7 years old. 3. The boy's height is 180cm.

The table below gives data for the volume of a gas when it is heated Temperature (oC) Volume (mL) 0 20 40 60 80

84.5 90.7 96.9 103.1 109.3

Find the equation of the lines of best fit for the volume of the gas compared to the temperature. 1.Use the equation to find the volume when the temperature 2.Use the equation to find the temperature when the volume 3.Use the equation to find the volume when the temperature 4.Use the equation to find the temperature when the volume is -100 oC is 150 mL. if 200 oC. is zero.