AIEEE Syllabus

I.MATHEMATICS

II.PHYSICS

III.CHEMISTRY

IV.BIOLOGY (Botany & Zoology)

V.APTITUDE TEST IN ARCHITECTURE

MATHEMATICS

I. ALGEBRA

UNIT 1: Sets, Relations and Functions

Sets and their Representations, Union, intersection and complements of sets, and their
algebraic properties, Relations, equivalence relations, mappings, one-one, into and onto
mappings, composition of mappings.

UNIT 2: Complex Numbers Complex number in the form a+ib and their
representation in a plane. Argand diagram. Algebra of complex numbers, Modulous and
Arguments (or amplitude) of a complex number, square root of a complex number. Cube
roots of unity, triangle – inequality.

UNIT 3: Matrices and Determinants

Determinants and matrices of order two and three, properties of determinants, Evaluation
of determinants. Area of triangles using determinants, Addition and multiplication of
matrices, adjoint and inverse of matrix. Test of consistency and solution of simultaneous
linear equations using determinants and matrices

UNIT 4: Quadratic Equations

Quadratic equation in real and complex number system and their solutions. Relation
between roots and co-efficients, nature of roots, formation of quadratic equations with
given roots; Symmetric functions of roots.

UNIT 5: Permutation and Combination

Fundamental principle of counting; Permutation as an arrangement. Meaning of P(n,r)
and C(n,r). Simple applications.

UNIT 6: Mathematical Induction and Its applications

UNIT 7: Binomial Theorem and its Applications

Binomial Theorem for a positive integral index; general term and middle term; Binomial
Theorem for any index. Properties of Binomial Co-efficients. Simple applications for
approximations.

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 UNIT 8: Sequences and Series
Arithmetic, Geometric and Harmonic progressions. Special cases of Sn, Sn2, Sn3 .
Arithmetic-Geometric Series, Exponential and Logarithmic series.

II. CALCULUS

UNIT 9: Differential Calculus

Polynomials, rational, trigonometric, logarithmic and exponential functions, Inverse
functions. Graphs of simple functions. Limits, Continuity; differentiation of the sum,
difference, product and quotient of two functions. differentiation of trigonometric, inverse
trigonometric, logarithmic, exponential, composite and implicit functions; derivatives of
order upto three. Applications of derivative: monotonic functions, Maxima and minima of
functions of one variable.

UNIT 10: Integral Calculus

Integral as an anti-derivative. Fundamental integrals involving algebraic, trigonometric,
exponential and logarithmic functions. Integration by substitution, by parts and by partial
fractions. Integration using trigonometric identities. Integral as limit of a sum. Properties
of definite integrals. Evaluation of indefinite integrals; Determining areas of the regions
bounded by simple curves.

UNIT 11: Differential Equations

Ordinary differential equations, their order and degree. Solution of differential equations
by the method of separation of variables. Solution of homogeneous and linear differential
equations.
III. TWO AND THREE DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY

UNIT 12: Two dimensional Geometry

Recall of Cartesian system of Rectangular co-ordinates in a plane, distance formula, area
of a triangle, condition for the collinearity of three points and section formula, centroid and
in-centre of a triangle, locus and its equation, translation of axes, slope of a line, parallel
and perpendicular lines, intercepts of a line on the coordinate axes.

The straight line and pair of straight lines

Various forms of equations of a line, intersection of lines, angles between two lines,
conditions for concurrency of three lines, distance of point from a line, coordinates of
orthocentre and circumcentre of triangle, equation of family of lines passing through the
point of intersection of two lines, homogeneous equation of second degree in x and y,
angle between pair of lines through the origin, combined equation of the bisectors of the
angles between a pair of lines, condition for the general second degree equation to
represent a pair of lines, point of intersection and angle between two lines represented by
S = O and the factors of S.

Circles and system of Circles

Standard form of equation of a circle, general form of the equation of a circle, its radius
and centre, equation of a circle in the parametric form, equation of a circle when the end
points of a diameter are given, points of intersection of a line and a circle with the centre
at the origin and condition for a line to be tangent to the circle, length of the tangent,
equation of the tangent, equation of a family of circles through the intersection of two
circles, condition for two intersecting circles to be orthogonal.

Conic Section
Sections of cones, equations of conic sections (parabola, ellipse and hyperbola) in

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 standard forms, condition for y = mx + c to be a tangent and point(s) of tangency.

UNIT 13: Three dimensional Geometry

Coordinates of a point in space, distance between the points; Section formula, direction
ratios and direction cosines, angle between two intersecting lines, equations of a line and
a plane in different forms; intersection of a line and a plane, coplanar lines, equation of a
sphere, its centre and radius. Diameter form of the equation of a sphere.
IV. VECTORS

UNIT 14: Vector Algebra

Vectors and Scalars, addition of vectors, components of a vector in two dimensions and
three dimensional space, scalar and vector products, vector triple product. Application of
vectors to plane geometry.
V. STATISTICS

UNIT 15: Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion

Calculation of Mean, median and mode of grouped and ungrouped data. Calculation of
standard deviation, variance and mean deviation for grouped and ungrouped data.

UNIT 16: Probability

Probability of an event, addition and multiplication theorems of probability and their
applications; Conditional probability; Probability distribution of a random variable;
Binomial distribution and its properties.
VI. TRIGONOMETRY

UNIT 17
Trigonometrical ratios, identities and equations. Inverse trigonometric functions and their
properties. Properties of triangles, solution of triangles. Heights and Distances.
VII. STATICS AND DYNAMICS

UNIT 18: Statics

Resultant of Coplanar forces; moments and couples. Equilibrium of three concurrent
forces.

UNIT 19: Dynamics

Speed and velocity, average speed, instantaneous speed, acceleration and retardation,
resultant of two velocities, relative velocity and its simple applications. Motion of a particle
along a line, moving with constant acceleration. Motion under gravity. Laws of motion,
Projectile motion.

PHYSICS

UNIT 1 Units and Measurement

Units for measurement, system of units – S.I., fundamental and derived units. Dimensions and
their applications.

UNIT 2 Description of Motion in one dimension

Motion in a straight line, uniform motion, its graphical representation. Uniformly accelerated
motion, and its applications.

UNIT 3 Description of Motion in Two and Three dimensions

Scalars and vectors, vector addition, multiplication of a vector by a real number, zero-vector and
its properties. Resolution of vectors. Scalar and vector products, uniform circular motion and its
applications, projectile motion.

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UNIT 4 Laws of Motion
Force and inertia – Newton’s Laws of motion. Conservation of linear momentum, rocket
propulsion. Inertial frames of references. Static and kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling friction.

UNIT 5 Work, Energy and Power

Concept of work, energy and power, Energy – kinetic and potential. Conservation of energy.
Elastic collisions in one and two dimensions. Different forms of energy.

UNIT 6 Rotational Motion and Moment of Inertia

Centre of mass of a two-particle system. Centre of mass of a rigid body, general motion of a rigid
body, nature of rotational motion, torque, angular momentum, conservation of angular
momentum and its applications. Moment of Inertia and its physical significance, parallel and
perpendicular axes theorem, expression of moment of inertia for ring, disc and sphere.

UNIT 7 Gravitation
Acceleration due to gravity, one and two-dimensional motion under gravity. Universal law of
gravitation, variation in the acceleration due to gravity of the earth. Planetary motion, artificial
satellite – geostationary satellite, gravitational potential energy near the surface of earth,
gravitational potential and escape velocity.

UNIT 8 Properties of Matter

Inter-atomic and inter-molecular forces, states of matter
(A) Solids : Elastic properties, Hook’s law, Young’s modulus, bulk modulus, modulus of rigidity.
(B) Liquids : Cohesion and adhesion. Surface energy and surface tension. Flow of fluids,
Bernoulli’s theorem and its applications. Viscosity, Stoke’s Law, terminal velocity.
(C) Ideal gas laws.

UNIT 9 Oscillations
Periodic motion, simple harmonic motion and its equation of motion, energy in S.H.M.,
Oscillations of a spring and simple pendulum.

UNIT 10 Waves
Wave motion, speed of a wave, longitudinal and transverse waves, superposition of waves,
progressive and standing waves, vibration of strings and air-columns, beats, resonance. Doppler
effect in sound.

UNIT 11 Heat and Thermodynamics

Thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases and their specific heats, relationship between Cp
and Cv for gases, first law of thermodynamics, thermodynamic processes. Second law of
thermodynamics, Carnot cycle, efficiency of heat engines.

UNIT 12 Transference of heat

Modes of transference of heat. Thermal conductivity. Black body radiations, Kirchoff’s law, Wien’s
law, Stefan’s law of radiation and Newton’s law of cooling.

UNIT 13 Electrostatics
Charges and their conservation, Coulomb’s law, S.I. unit of charge, dielectric constant, electric
field, lines of force, field due to dipole and its behavior in a uniform electric field, electric flux,
Gauss’s law in simple geometries. Electric potential, potential due to a point charge. Conductors
and insulators, distribution of charge on conductors. Capacitance, parallel plate capacitor,
combination of capacitors, energy of capacitor, van de graf generator.

UNIT 14 Current Electricity

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Current as a rate of flow of charges, sources of energy, cells-primary and secondary, grouping
of cells resistance of different materials, temperature dependence, specific resistance, Ohm’s law,
Kirchoff’s law, series and parallel circuits. Wheatstone Bridge, measurement of voltages and
currents, potentiometer.

UNIT 15 Thermal and Chemical Effects of currents

Heating effects of current, electric power, simple concept of thermo electricity – (Seeback effect
and its explanation), thermocouple, Chemical effects of current and laws of electrolysis.

UNIT 16 Magnetic Effects of Currents

Oersted’s experiment, Biot-Savert’s law (magnetic field due to a current element), magnetic field
due to a straight wire, circular loop and solenoid, force on a moving charge in a uniform magnetic
field (Lorentz force), forces and torques on currents in a magnetic field, force between two current
carrying wires, moving coil galvanometer, ammeter and voltmeter.

UNIT 17 Magnetostatics
Bar magnet, magnetic field, lines of force, torque on a bar magnet in a magnetic field, earth’s
magnetic field, tangent galvanometer, vibration magnetometer, para, dia and ferro-magnetism,
magnetic induction, magnetic susceptibility.

UNIT 18 Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents

Induced e.m.f., Farady’s Law, Lenz’s Law, self and mutual induction, alternating currents,
impedance and reactance, power in a.c. circuits, LCR series combination, resonant circuits.
Transformer, simple motor, and A.C. generator.

UNIT 19 Ray Optics

Sources of light, luminous intensity, luminous flux, illuminance and photometry(elementary idea).
Reflection and refraction of light at plane and curved surfaces, total internal reflection, optical
fibre; deviation and dispersion of light by a prism; Lens formula, magnification and resolving
power; microscope and telescope.

UNIT 20 Wave Optics

Wave nature of light; Interference – Young’s double slit experiment. Diffraction – diffraction due to
a single slit. Elementary idea of polarization, Doppler effect of light.

UNIT 21 Electromagnetic waves

Electromagnetic oscillations, Electromagnetic wave spectrum from gamma to radio waves – their
uses and propogation properties of the atmosphere w.r.t. electromagnetic spectrum.

UNIT 22 Electrons and Photons

Discovery of electrons, cathode rays, charge on an electron, e/m for an electron, photoelectric
effect and Einstein’s equation of photoelectric effect.

UNIT 23 Atoms, Molecules and Nuclei

Rutherford model of the atom, Bohr’s model, energy quantizations, hydrogen spectrum; Atomic
masses, size of the nucleus; Radioactivity; rays and their properties – alpha, beta and gamma
decay; half life and mean life of radio-active nuclei, Binding energy, mass energy relationship,
nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.

UNIT 24 Solids and Semi-Conductor Devices

Energy bands in solids, conductors, insulators and semi-conductors, PN junction, diodes, diode
as rectifier, junction transistor, transistor as an amplifier.

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 CHEMISTRY

UNIT 1 Atoms, Molecules and Chemical Arithmetic

Measurement in chemistry (significant figures, SI unit, Dimensional analysis). Chemical
classification of matter (mixtures, compounds and elements, and purification). Law of chemical
combination and Dalton’s Atomic theory. Atomic Mass (mole concept, determination of chemical
formulae). Chemical equation (balancing of chemical equation and calculations using chemical
equations).

UNIT 2 Elements, their Occurrence and extraction

Earth as a source of elements, elements in biology, extraction of metals (mettallurgical process,
production of concentrated ore, production of metals and their purification). Mineral wealth of
India. Qualitative test of metals.

UNIT 3 States of Matter Gaseous state

(measurable properties of gases, Boyle’s Law, Charle’s Law and absolute scale of temperature,
Avogadro’s hypothesis, ideal gas equation, Dalton’s law of partial pressure).

Kinetic molecular theory of gases (the microscopic model of gas, deviation form ideal behaviour).

The solid state (classification of solids, X-ray studies of crystal lattices and unit cells, packing of
constituent particles in crystals). Liquid state (Properties of liquids, Vapour pressure, Surface
tension, Viscosity).

UNIT 4 Atomic Structures Constituents of the atom

(Discovery of electron, Rutherford model of the atom).

Electronic structure of atoms (nature of light and electromagnetic waves, atomic spectra, Bohr’s
model of Hydrogen atom, Quantum mechanical model of the atom, electronic configurations of
atoms, Aufbau principle).

Dual nature of matter and radiation. The uncertainty principle. Orbitals and Quantum numbers.
Shapes of orbitals. Electronic configuration of atoms.

UNIT 5 Chemical Families – Periodic Properties

Mendeleev’s Periodic Table, Modern Periodic Law, Types of elements (Representative
elements-s & p block elements, inner transition elements – d-block elements, inner transition
elements – f-block elements). Periodic trends in properties. (Ionization energy, electron affinity,
atomic radii, valence, periodicity in properties of compounds).

UNIT 6 Chemical Bonding and Molecular structure

Chemical bonds and Lewis structure shapes of molecules (VSEPR theory). Quantum theory of
the covalent bond (Hydrogen and some other simple molecules, carbon compounds,
hybridization, Boron and Beryllium compounds).

Coordinate covalent bond (Ionic bond as an extreme case of polar covalent bond, ionic character
of molecules and polar molecules. Bonding in solid state (Ionic, molecular and covalent solids,
metals). Hydrogen bond, Resonance.

Molecules: Molecular orbital method. Formation of H2, O2, N2, F2 on the basis of MOT.
Hybridisation, Dipole moment and structure of molecules.

UNIT 7 The Solid State

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Structure of simple ionic compounds. Close-packed structures. Ionic-radii, Silicates (elementary
ideas). Imperfection in solids (point defects only). Properties of solids, Amorphous solids.
The Gaseous state.
Ideal gas equation-Kinetic theory (fundamentals only)

UNIT 8 Solutions

Types of solutions, Vapour-pressure of solutions and Raoult’s law. Colligative properties. Non-
ideal solutions and abnormal molecular masses. Mole concpt-stoichemistry, volumetric analysis-
concentration unit.

UNIT 9 Chemical Energetics and Thermodynamics

Energy changes during a chemical reaction, Internal energy and Enthalpy (Internal energy,
Enthalpy, Enthalpy changes, Origin of Enthalpy change in a reaction, Hess’s Law of constant heat
summation, numericals based on these concepts). Heats of reactions (heat of neutralization,
heat of combustion, heat of fusion and vaporization).

Sources of energy (conservation of energy sources and identification of alternative sources,

pollution associated with consumption of fuels. The sun as the primary source).

First law of thermodynamics: Internal energy, Enthalpy, application of first law of thermodynamics.

Second law of thermodynamics : Entropy, Free energy, Spontaneity of a chemical reaction, free
energy change and chemical equilibrium, free energy available for useful work.

UNIT 10 Chemical Equilibrium

Equilibria involving physical changes (solid-liquid, liquid-gas equilibrium involving dissolution of
solid in liquids, gases in liquids, general characteristics of equilibrium involving physical
processes).

Equilibria involving chemical systems (the law of chemical equilibrium, the magnitude of the
equilibrium constant, numerical problems).

Effect of changing conditions of systems at equilibrium (change of concentration, change of

temperature, effect of catalyst-Le Chateliar’s principle).

Equilibria involving ions (ionization of electrolytes, weak and strong electrolytes, acid-base
equilibrium, various concepts of acids and bases, ionization of water, pH, solubility product,
numericals based on these concepts).

UNIT 11 Redox Reactions and Electrochemistry

Oxidation and reduction as an electron transfer process. Redox reactions in aqueous solutions-
electrochemical cells. EMF of a galvanic cell. Dependence of EMF on concentration and
temperature (nearest equation and numerical problems based on it). Electrolysis, Oxidation
numbers (rules for assigning oxidation number, redox reactions in terms of oxidation number and
nomenclature). Balancing of oxidation-reduction equations.

Electrolytic conduction. Voltaic cell, Electrode potential and Electromotive force, Gibb’s free
energy and cell potential. Electrode potential and Electrolysis.

UNIT 12 Rates of Chemical Reactions and Chemical Kinetics

Rate of reaction, Instantaneous rate of reaction and order of reaction. Factors affecting rates of
reactions (factors affecting rate of collisions encountered between the reactant molecules, effect

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of temperature on the reaction rate, concept of activation energy, catalysis). Effect of light on
rates of reactions. Elementary reactions as steps to more complex reactions. How fast are
chemical reactions?

Rate expression. Order of a reaction (with suitable examples). Units of rates and specific rate
constants. Order of reaction and effect of concentration. (study will be confined to first order
only). Temperature dependence of rate constant – Fast reactions (only elementary idea).
Mechanism of reaction (only elementary idea). Photochemical reactions.

UNIT 13 Chemistry of Hydrocarbons

Alkanes (structure, isomerism, conformation).
Stereo Isomerism and chirality (origin of chirality, optical rotation, racemic mixture)
Alkenes (isomerism including cis-trans).
Alkynes.
Arenes (structure of benzene, resonance structure, isomerism in arenes).
Sources of hydrocarbons (origin and composition of coal and petroleum; Hydrocarbons from coal
and petroleum cracking and reforming, quality of gasoline-octane number, gasoline additives).
Laboratory preparation of alkanes (preparation from unsaturated hydrocarbons, alkyl halides and
carboxylic acids).
Laboratory preparation of alkenes (preparation from alcohols, alkyl halides).
Laboratory prepration of alkynes (preparation from calcium carbide and accetylene).
Physical properties of alkanes( boiling and melting points, solubility and density).
Reactions of hydrocarbons (oxidation, addition, substitution and miscellaneous reactions).

UNIT 14 Purification and Characterisation of Organic Compounds

Purification (crystallization, sublimation, distillation, differential extraction, chromatography).
Qualitative analysis (analysis of nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus and halogens).
Quantitative analysis (estimation of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, halogens, sulphur, phosphorus
and oxygen).
Determination of molecular mass (Victor Mayer’s method, volumetric method).
Calculation of empirical formula and molecular formula.
Numerical problems in organic quantitative analysis, modern methods of structure elucidation.

UNIT 15 Organic Chmistry Based on Functional Group-I

(Halides and Hydroxy compounds)
Nomenclature of compounds containing halogen atoms and hydroxyl groups : haloalkanes,
haloarenes; alcohols and phenols.
Correlation of physical properties and uses.
Preparation, properties and uses of following :
Polyhalogen compounds : Chloroform, Idoform
Polyhydric compounds, Ethane 1, 2-diol; Propane-1,2,3 triol Structure and reactivity – (a)
Induction effect, (b) Mesomeric effect, (c) Electrophiles and Nucleophiles, (d) Types of organic
reaction.

UNIT 16 Organic Chemistry Based on Functional Group II

(Ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and their derivatives).

Nomenclature of ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and their derivatives. (acylhalides,
acid anhydrides, amides and esters).

General methods of preparation, correlation of physical properties with their structures, chemical
properties and uses.

(Note : Specific compounds should not be stressed for the purpose of evaluation)

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UNIT 17 Organic Chemistry Based on Functional Group-III
(Cyanides, isocyanides, nitrocompounds and amines)
Nomenclature and classification of amines, cynadies, isocyanides, nitro compounds and their
method of preparation; correlation of physical properties with structure, chemical reactions and
uses.

UNIT 18 Chemistry of Non-metals – I

(Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen)
Hydrogen (position in periodic table, occurrence, isotopes, properties, reactions and uses)
Oxygen (occurrence, preparation, properties and reactions, uses, simple oxides; ozone)
Water and hydrogen peroxide (structure of water molecule and its aggregates, physical and
chemical properties of water, hard and soft water, water softening, hydrogen peroxides,
preparation, properties, structure and uses).
Nitrogen(Preparation, properties, uses, compounds of Nitrogen – Ammonia, Oxides of Nitrogen,
Nitric Acid – preparation, properties and uses).

UNIT 19 Chemistry of Non-metals – II

(Boron, Carbon, Silicon, phosphorus, sulphur, halogens and the noble gases)
Boron (occurrence, isolation, physical and chemical properties, borax and boric acid, uses of
boron and its compounds).

Carbon, inorganic compounds of carbon (oxides, halides, carbides), elemental carbon.

Silicon (occurrence, preparation and properties, oxides and oxyacids of phosphorus, chemical
fertililzers).

Sulphur (occurrence and extraction, properties and reactions, oxides: Sulphuric acid –
preparation, properties and uses, sodium thiosulphate).

Halogens (occurrence, preparation, properties, hydrogen halides, uses of halogens).

Noble gases (discovery, occurrence and isolation, physical properties, chemistry of noble gases
and their uses).

UNIT 20 Chemistry of lighter Metals

Sodium and Potassium (occurrence and extraction, properties and uses, important compounds –
NaCl, Na2CO3, NaHCO3, NaOH, KCI, KOH).
Magnesium and calcium (occurrence and extraction, properties and uses, important compounds
MgCl2, MgSO4, CaO, Ca(OH)2, CaCO3, CaSO4, plaster of paris).
Aluminium (occurrence, extraction, properties and uses, compounds – AlCl3, alums).
Cement.
Biological role of Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium and Calcium.

UNIT 21 Heavy Metals

Iron (Occurrence and extraction, compounds of iron, oxides, halides, sulphides, sulphate, alloy
and steel).
Copper, silver and gold (occurrence and extractions, properties and uses, compound – sulphides,
halides and sulphates, photography).
Zinc and Mercury (occurrence and extraction, properties and uses, compound-oxides, halides;
sulphides and sulphates).
Tin and Lead (occurrence and extraction, properties and uses, compounds – oxides, sulphides,
halides).

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UNIT 22 Chemistry of Representative Elements
Periodic properties – Trends in groups and periods (a) Oxides-nature (b) Halides-melting points
(c) Carbonates and sulphates – solubility.
The chemistry of s and p block elements, electronic configuration, general characteristics
properties and oxidation states of the following :- Group 1 elements – Alkali metals
Group 2 elements – Alkaline earth metals
Group 13 elements – Boron family
Group 14 elements – Carbon family
Group 15 elements – Nitrogen family
Group 16 elements – Oxygen family
Group 17 elements – Halogen family
Group 18 elements – Noble gases and Hydrogen

UNIT 23 Transition Metals including Lanthanides

Electronic configuration: General characteristic properties, oxidation states of transition metals.
First row transition metals and general properties of their compounds-oxides, halides and
sulphides.
General properties of second and third row transition elements (Groupwise discussion).
Preparation, properties and uses of Potassium dichromate, Potassium permaganate. Inner
Transition Elements: General discussion with special reference to oxidation states and
eamthanide contraction.

UNIT 24 Coordination Chemistry and Organo Metallics

Coordination compounds, Nomenclature : Isomerism in coordination compounds; Bonding in
coordination compounds, Werner’s coordination theory.

UNIT 25 Nuclear Chemistry

Nature of radiation from radioactive substances. Nuclear reactions; Radioactive disintegration
series; Artificial transmutation of elements; Nuclear fission and Nuclear fusion: Isotopes and their
applications: Radio carbon-dating.

UNIT 26 Synthetic and Natural Polymers

Classification of Polymers, natural and synthetic polymers (with stress on their general methods
of preparation) and important uses of the following :
Teflon, PVC, Polystyrene, Nylon-66, terylene
Environmental pollution – pollutants – services – check and alternatives.

UNIT 27 Surface Chemistry

Surfaces : Adsorption

Colloids – (Preparation and general properties), Emulsions, Micelles

Catalysis : Homogeneous and heterogeneous, structure of catalyst.

UNIT 28 Bio Molecules and Biological Processes

The Cell
Carbohydrates : Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides
Amino Acides and Peptides – Structure and classification.
Proteins and Enzymes – Structure of Proteins, Role of enzymes.
Nucleic Acids – DNA and RNA
Biological functions of Nucleic acids – Protein synthesis and replication
Lipids – Structure, membranes and their functions.

UNIT 29 Chemistry in Action

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Dyes, Chemicals and medicines (antipyretic, analgesic, antibiotics & tranquilesers), Rocket
propellants. (Structural formulae non-evaluative)

BIOLOGY (Botany & Zoology)

Unit: 1 The Living World

Nature and scope of Biology. Methods of Biology. Our place in the universe. Laws that govern the
universe and life. Levels of organisation. Cause and effect relationship.

Being alive -- what it means? Present approach to understand life processes -- molecular
approach; life as an expression of energy; steady state and homeostasis; self duplication and
survival; adaptation; death as a positive part of life.

Origin of life and its maintenance. Origin and diversity of life. Physical and chemical principles
that maintain life processes, the living crust and interdependence. The positive and negative
aspects of progress in biological sciences. The future of the living world, identification of human
responsibility in shaping our future.

Unit: 2 Unity of Life

Cell as a unit of life. Small biomolecules; water, minerals, mono - and oligosaccharides, lipids,
amino acids, nucleotides and their chemistry, cellular location and function. Macromolecules in
cells -their chemistry, cellular location and functional significance. Polysaccharides, proteins and
nucleic acids. Enzymes; chemical nature, classification, mechanism in action-enzyme complex,
allosteric modulation (brief), irreversible activation. Biomembranes. Fluid mosaic model of
membrane in transport and recognition of external information (brief). Structural organisation of
the cell; light and electron microscopic views of cell, its organelles and their functions; Nucleus,
mitochondria, chloroplasts, endoplasmic reticulum. Golgi complex, Lysosomes, microtubules, cell
wall, cilia and flagella, vacuoles, cell inclusions. A general account of cellular respiration.
Fermentation, biological oxidation, mitochondrial electron transport chain, high energy bonds and
oxidative phosphorylation, cell reproduction; Process of mitosis and meiosis.

Unit: 3 Diversity of Life

Introduction. The enormous variety of living things, the need for classification to cope with this
variety; taxonomy and phylogeny; shortcoming of a two kingdom classification as plants and
animals; a five kingdom classification. Monera, Protista, Plantae, Fungi and Animalia. The basic
features of five kingdom classification; modes of obtaining nutrition--autotrophs and heterotrophs.
Life styles: producers, consumers and decomposers, Unicellularity and multicellularity,
phylogenetic relationships. Concepts of species, taxon and categories -hierarchical levels of
classification; binomial nomenclature; principles of classification and nomenclature; identification
and nature of viruses and bacteriophages and organisms. Kingdom Monera--archaebacteria -life
in extreme environments; Bacteria, actinomycetes, Cyanobacteria. Examples to illustrate
autotrophic and heterotrophic life style; mineralizer-nitrogen fixers; Monera in cycling matter;
symbiotic forms; disease producers. Kingdom Protista-Eucarytoic unicellular organisms;
development of flagella and cilia; beginning of mitosis; syngamy and sex. Various life styles
shown in the major phyla. Evolutionary precursors of complex life forms. Diatoms, dinoflagellates,
slime moulds, protozoan; symbiotic forms. Plant kingdom -- complex autotrophs, red, brown and
green algae; conquest of land, bryophytes, ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms.
Vascularization; development of flower, fruit and seed. Kingdom fungi - Iower fungi
(Zygomycetes) higher fungi (Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes); the importance of fungi.

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Decomposers; parasitic forms; lichens and mycorrhizae, animal kingdom - animal body pattern
and symmetry. The development of body cavity in invertebrate vertebrate phyla. Salient feature
with reference to habitat and examples of phylum porifera, coelenterata, helminths, annelids,
mollusca, arthropoda, echinoderms; chordata (classes -- fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and
mammals) highlighting major characters.

Unit: 4 Organism and Environment

Species: Origin and concept of species, population; interaction between environment and
populations; community. Biotic community, interaction between different species, biotic stability,
changes in the community - succession. Ecosystem; Interaction between biotic and abiotic
components; major ecosystems, manmade ecosystem -- Agroecosystem. Biosphere; flow of
energy, trapping of solar energy, energy pathway, food chain, food web, biogeochemical cycles,
calcium and sulphur, ecological imbalance and its consequences. Conservation of natural
resources; renewable and non-renewable (in brief). Water and land management, wasteland
development. Wild life and forest conservation; causes for the extinction of some wild life, steps
taken to conserve the remaining species, concept of endangered species -- Indian examples,
conservation of forest; Indian forests, importance of forests, hazards of deforestation,
afforestation. Environmental pollution; air and water pollution, sources, major pollutants of big
cities of our country, their effects and methods of control, pollution due to nuclear fallout and
waste disposal, effect and control, noise pollution -- sources and effects.

Unit: 5 Multicellularity: Structure and Function -- Plant Life

Form and function. Tissue system in flowering plants; meristematic and permanent. Minerals
nutrition -- essential elements, major functions of different elements, passive and active uptake of
minerals. Modes of nutrition, transport of solutes and water in plants, Photosynthesis;
photochemical and biosynthetic phases, diversity in photosynthetic pathways, photosynthetic
electron transport and photophosphoryliation, photorespiration. Transpiration and exchange of
gases. Stomatal mechanism. Osmoregulation in plants; water relations in plant cells, water
potential. Reproduction and development in Angiosperm plants; asexual and sexual. Structure
and functions of flower: development of male and female gametophytes in angiosperms,
pollination, fertilization and development of endosperm, embryo, seed and fruit. Differentiation
and organ formation. Plant hormones and growth regulation; action of plant hormones in relation
to seed dormancy and germination, apical dominance, senescence and abscission. Applications
of synthetic growth regulators. A brief account of growth and movement in plants.

Unit: 6 Multicellularity: Structure and Function -- Animal Life

Animal tissues, epithelial, connective, muscular, nerve. Animal nutrition; organs of digestion and
digestive process, nutritional requirements for carbohydrates, proteins, fats, minerals and
vitamins: nutritional imbalances and deficiency diseases. Gas exchange and transport:
Pulmonary gas exchange and organs involved, transport of gases in blood, gas exchange in
aqueous media. Circulation: closed and open vascular systems, structure and pumping action of
heart, arterial blood pressure, lymph. Excretion and osmoregulation. Ammonotelism, Ureotelism,
uricotelism, excretion of water and urea with special reference to man. Role of kidney in
regulation of plasma, osmolarity on the basis of nephron structure, skin and lungs in excretion.
Hormonal coordination; hormones of mammals, role of hormones as messengers and regulators.
Nervous coordination: central, autonomic and peripheral nervous systems, receptors, effectors,
reflex action, basic physiology of special senses, integrative control by neuroendocrinal systems.
Locomotion; joints, muscle movements, types of skeletal muscles according to types of
movement, basic aspects of human skeleton. Reproduction; human reproduction, female
reproductive cycles. Embryonic development in mammals (upto three germ l ayers).

Unit: 7 Continuity of Life

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Heredity and variation: Introduction, Mendel's experiments with peas and idea of factors.
Mendel's laws of inheritance. Genes: Packaging of heredity material in prokaryotes -- bacterial
chromosome; plasmid and eukaryote chromosomes. Extranuclear genes, viral genes,
linkage(genetic) maps. Sex determination and sex linkage. Genetic material and its replication,
Gene expression; genetic code, transcription, translation, gene regulation. Molecular basis of
differentiation.

Unit: 8 Origin and Evolution of Life

Origin of life: Living and non-living, chemical evolution, organic evolution; Oparin ideas, Miller-
Urey experiments. Intererelationship among living organisms and evidences of evolution: fossil
records including geological time scale, Morphological evidence -- homology, vestigial organs,
embryological similarities and biogeographical evidence.

Darwin's two major contributions. Common origin of living organisms and recombination as
sources of variability, selection acts upon variation, adaptation (Ledergerg's replica plating
experiment for indirect selection of bacterial mutants), reproductive isolation, speciation. Role of
selection change and drift in determining composition of population. Selected examples: industrial
melanism; drug resistance, mimicry, malaria in relation to G-6-PD deficiency and sickle cell
disease.
Mutation- Their role in speciation. Their origin in speciation, their origin in organisms.

Unit: 9 Application of Biology

Biofertilisers -- green manure, crop residues and nitrogen fixation (symbiotic, non-symbiotic).
Applications of tissue culture and genetic engineering in crops. Domestication and introduction of
animals. Livestock, poultry, fisheries (fresh water, marine, aquaculture). Improvement of animals:
principles of animal breeding.'Major animal diseases and their control. Insects and their products
(silk, honey, wax and lac). Bioenergy, biomass, wood (combustion, gasification, ethanol). Cow
dung cakes, gobar gas, plants as sources of hydrocarbons for producing petroleum, ethanol from
starch and lignocellulose. Biotechnology, a brief historical account-manufacture of cheese,
yoghurt, alcohol, yeast, vitamins, organic acids, antibiotics, steroids, dextrins. Scaling up
laboratory findings to Industrial production. Production of insulin, human growth hormones,
interferon. Communicable diseases including diseases spread through blood transfusion
(hepatitis, AIDS, etc) Immune response, vaccines and antisera. Allergies and Inflammations.
Inherited diseases and dysfunctions, sex-Iinked diseases, genetic incomptibilities, and genetic
counselling. Cancer -- major types, causes, diagnosis and treatment. Tissue and organ
transplantation. Industrial wastes, toxicology, pollution-related diseases. Biomedical engineering
-spare parts for man, instruments for diagnosis of diseases and care.

APTITUDE TEST IN ARCHITECTURE

Part(i)
Awareness of persons, places, buildings etc. of Architectural importance. Visualising 3
dimensional objects from 2 dimensional drawings. Visualising different sides of 3 dimensional
objects. Identifying commonly used materials and objects based on their textural qualities and
colour. Analytical reasoning. Mental ability.

Part(ii)
Three dimensional perception. Understanding and appreciation of scale and proportion of
objects, building forms and elements, colour texture, harmony and contrast.
Design and drawing of geometrical or abstract shapes and patterns in pencil. Transformation of
forms both 2D and 3D – union, substraction, rotation, development of surfaces and volumes;
Generation of plan, elevations and 3D views of objects. Creating two dimensional and three

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dimensional compositions using given shapes and forms.
Sketching a given object proportionately and rendering the same in visually appealing manner in
pencil/crayons with effects of light on the object and shadows cast on the surroundings.
Sketching of scenes and activities from memory of urban-scape(public space, market, festivals,
street scenes, monuments, recreational spaces etc.), landscape(river fronts, jungles, gardens,
trees, plants etc.) and rural life.

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