2015

HERIOTWATTUNIVERSITY
INSTITUTEOFPETROLEUMENGINEERING
ECLIPSETUTORIAL1
(3D2Phase)
A

Prepareaninputdatafileforsimulatingtheperformanceofatwophase(water/oil)reservoir.
The model will have a regular shape, with two wells at opposite corners to simulate
productioninaquarterfivespotpattern.
GRIDDINGANDROCKDATA(GRID)
The3Dsectionofreservoirbeingmodelledhasdimensions2500'x2500'x150',anditis
dividedintothreelayersofequalthickness.Thenumberofcellsinthexandydirectionsare
5and5respectively.Otherrelevantdataaregivenbelow,usingfieldunitsthroughout:
Depthofreservoirtop:
Porosity:

8000ft
0.20

Permeabilityinxdirection:
Permeabilityinydirection:
Permeabilityinzdirection:

Layer1
200mD
150mD
20mD

Layer2
1000mD
800mD
100mD

Layer3
200mD
150mD
20mD

500

50

500

50

500

50

500
1

500
2

5
500

500

500

500

500

Figure1:Schematicofmodel.

FLUIDPVTANDFLUIDROCKINTERACTIONPROPERTIES(PROPS)
WaterandOilRelativePermeabilityandCapillaryPressureFunctions
krw

kro

Pcow
(psi)

table1for1000mD
0.15*
0.45
0.68
0.8

0.0
0.2
0.4
0.55

0.9
0.3
0.1
0.0

4.0
0.8
0.2
0.1

table2for200mD

0.25*

0.5

0.7

0.8

0.0
0.2
0.4
0.55

0.9
9.0
0.3
1.8
0.1
0.45
0.0
0.22
*Initialsaturationthroughoutlayer.

WaterSaturation

WaterPVTDataatReservoirPressureandTemperature
Pressure
(psia)
4500

Bw
(rb/stb)
1.02

w
(cp)
0.8

cw

(psi1)
3.0E06

OilPVTData,BubblePointPressure(Pb)=300psia

Pressure
(psia)
300
800
6000

Bo
(rb/stb)
1.25
1.20
1.15

Viscosity
(cp)
1.0
1.1
2.0

Rockcompressibilityat4500psia: 4E06psi1
Oildensityatsurfaceconditions:
49lbs/cf
Waterdensityatsurfaceconditions: 63lbs/cf
INITIALCONDITIONS(SOLUTION)
Initialpressureat8075':

4500psia

Theoilwatercontactisbelowthereservoir(8,500ft),withzerocapillarypressureatthe
contact.

WELLSANDPRODUCTIONSCHEDULE(SCHEDULE)
Drilltwowells:
producerPROD,belongingtogroupG1,inBlockNo.(1,1)
injectorINJ,belongingtogroupG2,inBlockNo.(5,5)
Theinsidediameterofthewellsis8".
Perforateboththeproducerandtheinjectorinallthreelayers.
Thedatumdepthforpressuremeasurementsduringproductionis8,000fti.e.thepressure
gaugeislocatedjustabovethetopofthecompletion.
Produceatthegrossrateof10,000stbliquid/daywithaminimumbottomholepressurelimit
of2,000psia
Inject11,000stbwater/daywithamaximumbottomholepressurelimitof6,000psia.
Startthesimulationon1stJanuary2009,anduse10timestepsof200dayseach.

OUTPUT(SUMMARY,GRID&SCHEDULE)
Asktheprogramtooutputthefollowingdata:
Initialpermeability,porosityanddepthdata(keywordINITinGRIDsection)
InitialgridblockpressuresandwatersaturationsintoaRESTARTfile(keywordRPTRST
inSOLUTIONsectionsetBASIC=2togivebasicdynamicoutputatt=0)
FieldAveragePressure
(FPR)
BottomHolePressureforbothwells (WBHP)
FieldOilProductionRate
(FOPR)
FieldWaterProductionRate
(FWPR)
TotalFieldOilProduction
(FOPT)
TotalFieldWaterProduction
(FWPT)
WellWaterCutforPROD
(WWCT)
CPUusage
(TCPU)
toaseparateExcelreadablefile(usingkeywordEXCEL)intheSUMMARYsection.
GridblockpressuresandwatersaturationsintoRESTARTfilesateachreportstepofthe
simulation(keywordRPTRSTinSCHEDULEsectionagainsetBASIC=2togivebasic
dynamicoutputateachTSTEP)

PROCEDURE
1 Edit file TUT1A.DATA in folder \eclipse\tut1 by opening it in Notepad, fill in the
necessary data, and save the file. (Make sure the file ending is .DATA and not .txt)
2

ActivatetheECLIPSELauncherfromtheDesktoportheStartmenu.

RunECLIPSEandusetheTUT1Adataset.
4 Whenthesimulationhasfinished,useECLIPSEOffice>ResultsandmenuFile>Open
>SUMMARY>AllVectors,oruseMSExceltoopentheoutputfile TUT1A.RSM,
whichwillbeinthe\eclipse\tut1folder.
5 PlottheBHPofbothwells(WBHP)vs.timeandthefieldaveragepressure(FPR)vs.
timeonFigure1.
6 Plotthewatercut(WWCT)ofthewellPRODandthefieldoilproductionrate(FOPR)
vs.timeonFigure2.
7 PlotonFigure3theBHPvaluesforthefirst10daysintherange3,500psiato5,500psia.
ExplaintheinitialshorttermriseinBHPintheinjectionwellanddropinBHPinthe
productionwell. Accountforthesubsequenttrendsofthesetwopressuresandofthe
fieldaveragepressure,relatingthesetothereservoirproductionandinjectionrates,water
cutandthePVTdataofthereservoirfluids.

B MakeacopyofthefileTUT1A.DATAcalledTUT1B.DATAinthesamefoldertut1.
BymodifyingthekeywordTSTEPchangethetimestepstothefollowing:
15*200
ModifytheWCONINJkeywordtooperatetheinjectionwellataconstantflowingbottom
holepressure(BHP)of5000psia,insteadofinjectingataconstant11,000stbwater/day
(RATE)i.e.deletereferenceto11000andreplacewith1*.
Addfieldvolumeproductionrate(FVPR)totheitemsalreadylistedintheSUMMARY
section.
RunEclipseusingtheTUT1B.DATAfile,andthenplotthetwofollowingpictures:
Figure4: bothwellbottomholepressuresandfieldaveragepressurevs.time,showing
pressuresintherange3,700psiato5,100psia
Figure5: fieldwatercutandfieldvolumeproductionratevs.time

AccountforthedifferencesbetweenthepressureprofilesinthisproblemandTutorial1A.
Toassistwiththeinterpretation,calculatetotalmobilityasafunctionofwatersaturationfor
the4saturationpointsgiven,using:
MTOT(Sw)=+
andshowhowthiswouldchangethedifferentialpressureacrossthereservoirasthewater
saturation throughout the reservoir increases. From Figure 5, explain the impact of the
WWCTprofile(fraction)ontheFVPR(rb/day).

CopyfileTUT1B.DATAtoTUT1C.DATAinthesamefolder.

Thistime,insteadofinjectingataconstantflowingbottomholepressureof5000psi,letthe
simulatorcalculatetheinjectionratesuchthatthereservoirvoidagecreatedbyoilandwater
production is replaced by injected water. To do this, modify the control mode for the
injectionwell(keywordWCONINJ)fromBHPtoreservoirrate(RESV),andusethevoidage
replacementflag(FVDG)initem8.Settheupperlimitonthebottomholepressureforthe
injectionwellto8,000psiaagain.
Notethedefinitionsgiveninthemanualforitem8oftheWCONINJkeyword.Basedonthe
definitionforvoidagereplacement,
reservoirvolumeinjectionrate=item6+(item7*fieldvoidagerate)
Therefore,toinjectthesamevolumeofliquidashasbeenproduced,set
item6to0,and
item7to1.
RunEclipseusingtheTUT1C.DATAfile,andthenrunFlovizorPetrel,todisplaythegrid
celloilsaturations(thesedisplaysneedNOTbeprinted).
Discusstheprofileofthesaturationfrontineachlayer,andexplainhowitisaffectedby
gravityandthedistributionofflowspeedsbetweenthewells.
SENSITIVITIES
Forthesensitivitycalculationstryvariationsof+/10%fromthebasecase(TUT1A),and
useaspiderdiagramtoplottheresults.
(i)

Longtermbehaviour(02000days):Assessimpactofvaryingoilformationvolume
factor(Bo)andseparately,theinjectionrateonfieldaveragepressure(FPR)

Shorttermbehaviour(010days): Assessimpactofvaryingabsolutepermeability
andseparatelytheporosityonbottomholepressureresponse(WBHP)ineitherofthe
wells.
(ii)

Mobilityeffects: Whathappenstothepressuredifferentialbetweenthewellswhen
you use straight line rel perms (by deleting rows in SWOF keyword containing
saturation points 0.5 and 0.7? What if you then change the values of the relative
permeabilityendpoints(initiallyKrw=0.55andKro=0.9)?

(iii) Studyimpactofoildensityandtotalflowrateacrossfieldonflowdistributioninfield.
D

CopyfileTUT1A.DATAtoTUT1D.DATAinthesamefolder.

Thedatafileshouldbeadaptedtoincludethefollowingfeatures:
Porositiesvaryingaccordingtolayer(POROintheGRIDsection)
NTGvaryingaccordingtolayer(NTGintheGRIDsection)
Water saturations that can go up to Sw=1 should there be an oilwater contact
introducedintothemodel
Toimplementthese,replacetheentireGRIDsectionwiththefollowing:
--================================================================
GRID
EQUALS
-- Keyword
DX
DY
DZ
TOPS

value
500
500
50
8000

X1 X2
1 5

Y1 Y2
1 5

Z1 Z2
1 3

/
/
/

whole model
same as above
same as above

grid layer 1

PERMX
PERMY
PERMZ
PORO
NTG

200
150
20
0.19
0.95

/
/
/
/
/

geological layer 1

PERMX
PERMY
PERMZ
PORO
NTG

1000
800
100
0.20
0.99

/
/
/
/
/

geological 2

PERMX
PERMY
PERMZ
PORO
NTG

200
150
20
0.19
0.95

/
/
/
/
/

geological 3

/
-- Output file with geometry and rock properties (.INIT)
INIT

andreplacetheoldSWOFtableswith

-- Water and oil rel perms & capillary pressures

Run the model in ECLIPSE, visualise the grid in Floviz or Petrel, and plot the same
propertiesasinTUT1A.Thepurposeofthispartoftheexerciseistofamiliariseyouwith
somefeaturesofECLIPSEthatyouwillfindusefullater.Noindepthanalysisofresultsis
requiredforpartD,butitwillbeusedasastartingpointforTutorial2.
EricMackay

19thJanuary2015