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Hookes Law Lab Activity

This lab experiment investigates Hooke's Law by measuring the stretching of a spring when different masses are attached. Students will collect data on the stretched distance of a spring for various weights and graph the results. From the line of best fit on the graph, they will calculate the slope to determine the spring constant, which quantifies the relationship between force and displacement for an elastic object like a spring. Analysis questions ask students to consider how cutting the spring in half would affect its constant and how far the spring would stretch if attached to a person based on their mass. Sources of error in the linear relationship are also discussed.

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438 views4 pages

Hookes Law Lab Activity

This lab experiment investigates Hooke's Law by measuring the stretching of a spring when different masses are attached. Students will collect data on the stretched distance of a spring for various weights and graph the results. From the line of best fit on the graph, they will calculate the slope to determine the spring constant, which quantifies the relationship between force and displacement for an elastic object like a spring. Analysis questions ask students to consider how cutting the spring in half would affect its constant and how far the spring would stretch if attached to a person based on their mass. Sources of error in the linear relationship are also discussed.

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Physics - Hanna

Hookes Law Investigation


This lab was originally designed to be independent of the TI-Navigator system. The outline
below gives the steps necessary to complete the lab. Please feel free to modify it as
necessary to make it more interactive and engage the students with the instructor.
Introduction
In this lab you will determine the spring constant for a given spring. Operating within their
elastic limits, most springs exhibit a linear relationship between the loads placed on them
and the length that they are stretched. You will use several different weights in this lab to
determine the spring constant of a spring based on the length it stretches.
Hookes Law can be simply written as:

F k x

Where F is the force, k is the spring constant and x is the stretched distance. The negative
sign indicates that the force always acts to bring the object back towards its equilibrium
position. This is commonly called a restoring force.

Lab Equipment

Hookes Law apparatus (shown at right)


notched weights (at bottom of picture)
graph paper (at bottom of next page
or printed from the resources section)

Hookes Law Investigation

Experimental Procedures Record all data measurements on the attached Lab Data Sheet
1) Place the Hookes Law apparatus on a level table.
2) Determine the initial position of the pointer with no weights on the weight hanger.
Record this mark.
3) Add a 50 g weight to the hanger and determine the new equilibrium position of the weight
hanger. Each recorded distance should be the distance between the new mark and the
original mark with no weight on it.
4) Repeat Step 3, adding additional weights until you reach a total of 200 g, recording the
position of the pointer after each additional weight is placed. Each recorded distance
should be the distance between the new mark and the original mark with no weight on
it.
5) Using a piece of graph paper, set up a graph with the horizontal axis labeled with the
distance in centimeters and the vertical axis as the mass in grams.
6) Plot the distance versus the mass data on your graph. Choose a scale that uses most of your
graph paper. (10 grams per mark vertically and 3 marks per centimeter horizontally should
work the best).
7) The line should be close to linear, but may not be exactly due to a variety of factors. Draw
what you think is the line of best fit through the data. This line should be straight and
hopefully passes through the origin (the point (0, 0) on your graph).
8) Calculate the slope of this line, following the procedure outlined in the Lab Data Sheet.
Lab Analysis
Answer the following questions regarding this lab:
1.
What would happen to the spring constant if the spring were cut in half?
Hint: What force would be required to stretch the spring to a length equal to a
length before it was cut?

2.

After calculating the spring constant, determine how far would the spring stretch if you
were attached to it. Use your mass in kilograms, multiplied by 9.8, and then divide by the
spring constant. Your answer will be in meters. (Dont panic at this seemingly large
number. It simply means you have a weak spring!)

3.

If your line does not pass exactly through all of your graph points, meaning the value of k is
not truly linear, what might be some reasons for this?

Lab Data Sheet


Initial position of weight hanger:
Weight

cm
Stretched distance mark

50 g

cm

100 g

cm

150 g

cm

200 g

cm

250 g

cm

Calculation of the Slope of the Line of Best Fit:


Find a point on your graphed line that is as far to the right and towards the top of your graph
as you can. Then the slope, which equals the spring constant of your spring, is:

slope

mass

distance

gm/cm

Typically, spring constant are reported in Newtons/meter (N/m). To convert to this value,
simply multiply by 0.98.
Thus, your spring constant k =
N/m.
% Error Calculation:
% Error

Observed Value Accepted Value


*100%
Accepted Value
=

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