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Data Communication and Computer Networks Presentation

This document discusses the best design for an Ethernet network to minimize collisions. It recommends using switches to segment the network into smaller collision domains. Specifically, it suggests using an aggregation switch to connect multiple building switches hierarchically. This reduces collisions compared to alternatives like daisy-chaining or using hubs that keep all devices on the same collision domain. The design should be built incrementally as needs grow.

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Adil
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3K views

Data Communication and Computer Networks Presentation

This document discusses the best design for an Ethernet network to minimize collisions. It recommends using switches to segment the network into smaller collision domains. Specifically, it suggests using an aggregation switch to connect multiple building switches hierarchically. This reduces collisions compared to alternatives like daisy-chaining or using hubs that keep all devices on the same collision domain. The design should be built incrementally as needs grow.

Uploaded by

Adil
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DATA COMMUNICATION AND COMPUTER

NETWORKS PRESENTATION
PRESENTED BY:
ADIL CHOUDHARY 11900
BEE_5
TOPIC: BEST ETHERNET DESIGN AND
IMPLEMENTATION TO MINIMIZE COLLISIONS

Dated: 05/12/2009
About Ethernet…
 Ethernet is a Local Area Network (LAN) technology.
 The original Ethernet enabled computers located
within a few hundred yards of one another to
exchange messages.
 Ethernet in fact is the standard today
 Reasons:
 Simple
 Cheap
 Manufacturers keep making it faster
About Ethernet…
 Ethernet architecture is based on the concept of
connecting multiple computers to a long cable
sometimes called the ether, using transceivers.

Source:
http://www.cs.unc.edu/Courses/jbs/lessons/Internet/ethe
rnet/
About Ethernet…
The three major elements of Ethernet networks are:
 Ethernet packets are called frames. These are units of

data sent across the network.


 The Ethernet access method, CSMA/CD. This method
controls packet transmission and information flow
across the Ethernet hardware.
 Hardware cables, connectors, and circuitry. These

transfer data to and from systems across the network


CSMA/CD

Source:http://www.universalteacherpublications
.com/univ/free-asgn/mcs42/Image57.gif
Ethernet Frame Format…

Source
:http://www.mattjustice.com/ethernet/images/et
hernet_frame.gif
Concept of collisions…
The basic strategy goes like this:
 A computer listens on the cable to see if another

computer is transmitting, which is indicated by a


voltage change on the cable. If busy, the computer
waits and listens.
 When the cable is not busy, a computer attempts to

transmit.
 Another computer may attempt to transmit at the

same time, which causes a collision.


Collision domain…
 A collision domain is a physical network segment where data
packets can "collide" with one another for being sent on a
shared medium, in particular in the Ethernet networking
protocol.

Source
:http://www.thebryantadvantage.com/images/
Hub%202%20Data%20Collision.jpg
Traffic Domains…
Router

Switch Switch

Hub Hub Hub Hub

Broadcast Domain Collision Domain


Traffic Domains…
 Try to eliminate collision domains
 Get rid of hubs!
Designing…
 Now we need such a design for Ethernet in which
we have a minimum number of collisions. For this
purpose we have to consider some very important
points.
 We have to chose the best topology for the
networking
 Segmentation of collision domains.
 Will have to design the layer 1, 2 and 3 structure.
Segmentation of collision domain…
 Collisions and collision domain size are two factors
that negatively affect the performance of a network.
 Segmentation is the process of splitting a single
collision domain into smaller collision domains.
 Creating smaller collision domains reduces the
number of collisions on a LAN segment, and allows
for greater utilization of bandwidth.
 Layer 2 devices such as bridges and switches can
be used to segment a LAN into smaller collision
domains.
Segmentation of collision domain…
 Micro segmentation of the network reduces the
size of collision domains and reduces collisions.
 Micro segmentation is implemented through the

use of bridges and switches.


Evolution of Ethernet Topologies…
 Bus
 Everybody on the same coaxial cable

Source:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Netwo
rkTopology-Bus.png
Evolution of Ethernet Topologies…
 Star
 One central device connects every other node

Source:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia
/commons/6/66/NetworkTopology-Star.png
Hub…

Hub

A frame sent by one node is always sent to every other node.


Hubs are also called “repeaters” because they just “repeat”
what they hear.
Switch…
 Forwards each incoming frame to the port where the destination node is
 Reduces the collision domain

 Makes more efficient use of the wire

 Nodes don’t waste time checking frames not destined to them

Switch

B
A
Switch vs. Router…
 Routers do not forward Ethernet broadcasts. So:
 Switches reduce the collision domain
 Routers reduce the broadcast domain

 This becomes really important when trying to design


hierarchical, scalable networks that can grow
sustainably
Design guidelines…
 Always connect hierarchically
 Ifthere are multiple switches in a building, use an
aggregation switch
 Locate the aggregation switch close to the building
entry point
 Locate edge switches close to users (e.g. one per floor)
Minimize Path Between Elements
Build Incrementally
 Start small

Switch

Hosts
Build Incrementally
 As you have demand and money, grow like this:

Aggreg.

Switch

Hosts
Do not daisy-chain
 Resist the temptation of doing this:
Connect buildings hierarchically
Router
References…
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.3
 http://www.cs.unc.edu/Courses/jbs/lessons/Internet/ethernet/
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collision_domain
 http://www.softpanorama.org/Net/Network_interface_layer/ethernet.sht
ml
Thank You…!!!

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