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A ds by P lus-H D-V 1.4

Java Basic Operators

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Java provides a rich set of operators to manipulate variables. We can divide all the Java operators into
the following groups:
Arithmetic Operators

Java Basics

Relational Operators

Java - Home

Bitwise Operators

Java - Overview

Logical Operators

Java - Environment Setup

Assignment Operators

Java - Basic Syntax

Misc Operators

Java - Object & Classes

The Arithmetic Operators:

Java - Basic Datatypes

Java - Variable Types

Arithmetic operators are used in mathematical expressions in the same way that they are used in
algebra. The following table lists the arithmetic operators:

Java - Modifier Types

Java - Basic Operators

Assume integer variable A holds 10 and variable B holds 20, then:

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Java - Loop Control

Java - Decision Making

Operator Description

Example

Java - Numbers

Addition - Adds values on either side of the operator

A + B will give 30

Java - Characters

Subtraction - Subtracts right hand operand from left hand operand

A - B will give -10

Java - Strings

Multiplication - Multiplies values on either side of the operator

A * B will give 200

Java - Arrays

Division - Divides left hand operand by right hand operand

B / A will give 2

Java - Date & Time

Modulus - Divides left hand operand by right hand operand and

returns remainder

B % A will give 0

++

Increment - Increases the value of operand by 1

B++ gives 21

--

Decrement - Decreases the value of operand by 1

B-- gives 19

Java - Regular Expressions

Java - Methods
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Java - Exceptions

Java Object Oriented

Java - Inheritance
Java - Overriding
Java - Polymorphism
Java - Abstraction

The Relational Operators:

There are following relational operators supported by Java language
Assume variable A holds 10 and variable B holds 20, then:
Show Examples
Operator Description
==

(A == B) is not
true.

!=

Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if values are
not equal then condition becomes true.

(A != B) is true.

>

Checks if the value of left operand is greater than the value of right
ADS BY becomes
Plus-HD-V1.4
operand, if yes then condition
true.

(A > B) is not true.

<

Checks if the value of left operand is less than the value of right
operand, if yes then condition becomes true.

(A < B) is true.

>=

Checks if the value of left operand is greater than or equal to the

value of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.

(A >= B) is not
true.

<=

Checks if the value of left operand is less than or equal to the value
of right operand, if yes then condition becomes true.

(A <= B) is true.

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Java Advanced
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Java - Applet Basics
Java - Documentation

The Bitwise Operators:

Java defines several bitwise operators, which can be applied to the integer types, long, int, short, char,
and byte.
Bitwise operator works on bits and performs bit-by-bit operation. Assume if a = 60; and b = 13; now in
binary format they will be as follows:
a = 0011 1100

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Example

Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not, if yes then
condition becomes true.

b = 0000 1101
----------------a&b = 0000 1100
a|b = 0011 1101

Java - Examples

a^b = 0011 0001

~a = 1100 0011

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The following table lists the bitwise operators:

Assume integer variable A holds 60 and variable B holds 13 then:
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Operator Description

A d O ptions

Example

&

Binary AND Operator copies a bit to the result if it exists in both

operands.

(A & B) will give 12

which is 0000
1100

Binary OR Operator copies a bit if it exists in either operand.

(A | B) will give 61
which is 0011
1101

Binary XOR Operator copies the bit if it is set in one operand but not
both.

(A ^ B) will give 49
which is 0011
0001

Binary Ones Complement Operator is unary and has the effect of

'flipping' bits.

(~A ) will give -61

which is 1100
0011 in 2's
complement form
due to a signed
binary number.

<<

Binary Left Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved left by
the number of bits specified by the right operand.

A << 2 will give

240 which is 1111
0000

>>

Binary Right Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved right by
the number of bits specified by the right operand.

A >> 2 will give 15

which is 1111

>>>

Shift right zero fill operator. The left operands value is moved right by
the number of bits specified by the right operand and shifted values
are filled up with zeros.

A >>>2 will give 15

which is 0000
1111

The Logical Operators:

The following table lists the logical operators:
Assume Boolean variables A holds true and variable B holds false, then:
Show Examples
Operator Description

Example

&&

Called Logical AND operator. If both the operands are non-zero, then
the condition becomes true.

(A && B) is false.

||

Called Logical OR Operator. If any of the two operands are non-zero,

then the condition becomes true.

(A || B) is true.

Called Logical NOT Operator. Use to reverses the logical state of its
operand. If a condition is true then Logical NOT operator will make
false.

!(A && B) is true.

The Assignment Operators:

There are following assignment operators supported by Java language:
Show Examples
Operator Description

Example

Simple assignment operator, Assigns values from right side

operands to left side operand

C = A + B will
assign value of A
+ B into C

+=

Add AND assignment operator, It adds right operand to the left

operand and assign the result to left operand

C += A is
equivalent to C =
C+A

-=

Subtract AND assignment operator, It subtracts right operand from

the left operand and assign the result to left operand

C -= A is
equivalent to C =
C-A

*=

Multiply AND assignment operator, It multiplies right operand with

the left operand and assign the result to left operand

C *= A is
equivalent to C =
C*A

/=

C /= A is
Divide AND assignment operator, It divides left operand with the right equivalent to C =
operand and assign the result to left operand
C/A

%=

Modulus AND assignment operator, It takes modulus using two

operands and assign the result to left operand

C %= A is
equivalent to C =
C%A

<<=

Left shift AND assignment operator

C <<= 2 is same
as C = C << 2

>>=

Right shift AND assignment operator

C >>= 2 is same
as C = C >> 2
C &= 2 is same

&=

Bitwise AND assignment operator

as C = C & 2

^=

bitwise exclusive OR and assignment operator

C ^= 2 is same as
C =C ^2

|=

bitwise inclusive OR and assignment operator

C |= 2 is same as
C=C|2

Misc Operators
There are few other operators supported by Java Language.

Conditional Operator ( ? : ):
Conditional operator is also known as the ternary operator. This operator consists of three operands
and is used to evaluate Boolean expressions. The goal of the operator is to decide which value should
be assigned to the variable. The operator is written as:
variable x = (expression) ? value if true : value if false
Following is the example:
public class Test {
public static void main(String args[]){
int a , b;
a = 10;
b = (a == 1) ? 20: 30;
System.out.println( "Value of b is : " + b );
b = (a == 10) ? 20: 30;
System.out.println( "Value of b is : " + b );
}
}
This would produce the following result:
Value of b is : 30
Value of b is : 20

instanceof Operator:
This operator is used only for object reference variables. The operator checks whether the object is of a
particular type(class type or interface type). instanceof operator is wriiten as:
( Object reference variable ) instanceof (class/interface type)
If the object referred by the variable on the left side of the operator passes the IS-A check for the
class/interface type on the right side, then the result will be true. Following is the example:
public class Test {
public static void main(String args[]){
String name = "James";
// following will return true since name is type of String
boolean result = name instanceof String;
System.out.println( result );
}
}
This would produce the following result:
true
This operator will still return true if the object being compared is the assignment compatible with the
type on the right. Following is one more example:
class Vehicle {}
public class Car extends Vehicle {
public static void main(String args[]){
Vehicle a = new Car();
boolean result = a instanceof Car;
System.out.println( result );
}
}
This would produce the following result:
true

Precedence of Java Operators:

Operator precedence determines the grouping of terms in an expression. This affects how an
expression is evaluated. Certain operators have higher precedence than others; for example, the
multiplication operator has higher precedence than the addition operator:
For example, x = 7 + 3 * 2; here x is assigned 13, not 20 because operator * has higher precedence
than +, so it first gets multiplied with 3*2 and then adds into 7.
Here, operators with the highest precedence appear at the top of the table, those with the lowest
appear at the bottom. Within an expression, higher precedence operators will be evaluated first.

A ds by P lus-H D-V 1.4

A d O ptions

Category

Operator

Associativity

Postfix

() [] . (dot operator)

Left to right

Unary

++ - - ! ~

Right to left

Multiplicative

*/%

Left to right

Additive

+-

Left to right

Shift

>> >>> <<

Left to right

Relational

> >= < <=

Left to right

Equality

== !=

Left to right

Bitwise AND

&

Left to right

Bitwise XOR

Left to right

Bitwise OR

Left to right

Logical AND

&&

Left to right

Logical OR

||

Left to right

Conditional

?:

Right to left

Assignment

= += -= *= /= %= >>= <<= &= ^= |=

Right to left

Comma

Left to right

What is Next?
Next chapter would explain about loop control in Java programming. The chapter will describe various
types of loops and how these loops can be used in Java program development and for what purposes
they are being used.

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