Java Program

Java program to add two numbers
Java program to add two numbers :- Given below is the code of java program that adds two numbers
which are entered by the user.
Java programming source code

import java.util.Scanner;
class AddNumbers
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int x, y, z;
System.out.println("Enter two integers to calculate their sum ");
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
x = in.nextInt();
y = in.nextInt();
z = x + y;
System.out.println("Sum of entered integers = "+z);
}
}
Download Add numbers program class file.

Output of program:
Above code can add only numbers in range of integers(4 bytes), if you wish to add very large
numbers then you can use BigInteger class. Code to add very large numbers:
import java.math.BigInteger;
class AddingLargeNumbers {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String number1, number2;
System.out.println("Enter first large number");
number1 = in.nextLine();
System.out.println("Enter second large number");

number2 = in.nextLine();
BigInteger first = new BigInteger(number1);
BigInteger second = new BigInteger(number2);
BigInteger sum;
sum = first.add(second);
}
System.out.println("Result of addition = " + sum);
In our code we create two objects of BigInteger class in java.math package. Input should be digit
strings otherwise an exception will be raised, also you cannot simply use '+' operator to add objects
of BigInteger class, you have to use add method for addition of two objects.
Output of program:
Enter first large number
11111111111111
Enter second large number
99999999999999
Result of addition = 111111111111110
Download Adding Large numbers program class file.
Java hello world program

Hello world Java program :- Java code to print hello world.

class HelloWorld
{
{
System.out.println("Hello World");
}
}
Download Hello world program class file.

"Hello World" is passed as an argument to println method, you can print whatever you want. There
is also a print method which doesn't takes the cursor to beginning of next line as println does. System
is a class, out is object of PrintStream class and println is the method.
Output of program:
Java if else program

Java if else program uses if else to execute statement(s) when a condition is fulfilled. Below is a
simple program which explains the usage of if else in java programming language.
Java programming if else statement

// If else in Java code
class IfElse {
int marksObtained, passingMarks;
passingMarks = 40;
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.println("Input marks scored by you");
marksObtained = input.nextInt();
if (marksObtained >= passingMarks) {
System.out.println("You passed the exam.");
}
else {
System.out.println("Unfortunately you failed to pass the exam.");
}
}
Output of program:
Above program ask the user to enter marks obtained in exam and the input marks are compared
against minimum passing marks. Appropriate message is printed on screen based on whether user
passed the exam or not. In the above code both if and else block contain only one statement but we
can execute as many statements as required.
Nested If Else statements

You can use nested if else which means that you can use if else statements in any if or else block.
class NestedIfElse {
int marksObtained, passingMarks;
char grade;
passingMarks = 40;
System.out.println("Input marks scored by you");
marksObtained = input.nextInt();
if (marksObtained >= passingMarks) {
if (marksObtained > 90)
grade = 'A';
else if (marksObtained > 75)
grade = 'B';
else if (marksObtained > 60)
grade = 'C';
else
grade = 'D';
System.out.println("You passed the exam and your grade is " + grade);

}
else {
grade = 'F';
System.out.println("You failed and your grade is " + grade);
}
Java for loop

Java for loop used to repeat execution of statement(s) until a certain condition holds true. for is a
keyword in Java programming language.
Java for loop syntax

for (/* Initialization of variables */ ; /*Conditions to test*/ ; /*
Increment(s) or decrement(s) of variables */) {
// Statements to execute i.e. Body of for loop
}
You can initialize multiple variables, test many conditions and perform increments or decrements on
many variables according to requirement. Please note that all three components of for loop are
optional. For example following for loop prints "Java programmer" indefinitely.
// Infinite for loop
for (;;) {
System.out.println("Java programmer");
}
You can terminate an infinite loop by pressing Ctrl+C.
Simple for loop example in Java
Example program below uses for loop to print first 10 natural numbers i.e. from 1 to 10.
//Java for loop program
class ForLoop {
int c;
for (c = 1; c <= 10; c++) {

System.out.println(c);
}
Output of program:
Java for loop example to print stars in console

Following star pattern is printed
*
**
***
****
*****
class Stars {
int row, numberOfStars;
for (row = 1; row <= 10; row++) {
for(numberOfStars = 1; numberOfStars <= row; numberOfStars++) {
System.out.print("*");
}
System.out.println(); // Go to next line
}
Above program uses nested for loops (for loop inside a for loop) to print stars. You can also use
spaces to create another pattern, It is left for you as an exercise.
Output of program:
Java while loop

Java while loop is used to execute statement(s) until a condition holds true. In this tutorial we will
learn looping using Java while loop examples. First of all lets discuss while loop syntax:
while (condition(s)) {
// Body of loop
}
1. If the condition holds true then the body of loop is executed, after execution of loop body condition
is tested again and if the condition is true then body of loop is executed again and the process repeats
until condition becomes false. Condition is always evaluated to true or false and if it is a constant,
For example while (c) { } where c is a constant then any non zero value of c is considered true and
zero is considered false.
2. You can test multiple conditions such as
while ( a > b && c != 0) {
// Loop body
}
Loop body is executed till value of a is greater than value of b and c is not equal to zero.
3. Body of loop can contain more than one statement. For multiple statements you need to place
them in a block using {} and if body of loop contain only single statement you can optionally use {}.
It is recommended to use braces always to make your program easily readable and understandable.
Java while loop example

Following program asks the user to input an integer and prints it until user enter 0 (zero).
class WhileLoop {
int n;
System.out.println("Input an integer");
while ((n = input.nextInt()) != 0) {
System.out.println("You entered " + n);
}
}
System.out.println("Out of loop");
Output of program:
Above program can be written in a more compact way as follows:

// Java while loop user input
class WhileLoop {
int n;
while ((n = input.nextInt()) != 0) {

}
Java while loop break program

Here we write above program but uses break statement. The condition in while loop here is always
true so we test the user input and if its is zero then we use break to exit or come out of the loop.
class BreakWhileLoop {
int n;
while (true) {
n = input.nextInt();
if (n == 0) {
break;
}
}
Java while loop break continue program

class BreakContinueWhileLoop {
int n;
while (true) {
if (n != 0) {

continue;
}
else {
break;
}
}
}
}
Whatever you can do with while loop can be done with for and do while loop.
Java program to print alphabets

This program print alphabets on screen i.e a, b, c, ..., z. Here we print alphabets in lower case.
Java source code

class Alphabets
{
{
char ch;
for( ch = 'a' ; ch <= 'z' ; ch++ )
System.out.println(ch);
}
You can easily modify the above java program to print alphabets in upper case.
Download Alphabets program class file.
Output of program:
Printing alphabets using while loop (only body of main method is shown):
char c = 'a';
while (c <= 'z') {
c++;
}
Using do while loop:

char c = 'A';
do {
c++;
} while (c <= 'Z');
Java program to print multiplication table

This java program prints multiplication table of a number entered by the user using a for loop. You
can modify it for while or do while loop for practice.

class MultiplicationTable
{
{
int n, c;
System.out.println("Enter an integer to print it's multiplication
table");
n = in.nextInt();
System.out.println("Multiplication table of "+n+" is :-");
for ( c = 1 ; c <= 10 ; c++ )
System.out.println(n+"*"+c+" = "+(n*c));
}
Download Multiplication table program class file.

Output of program:
Using nested loops we can print tables of number between a given range say a to b, For example if
the input numbers are 3 and 6 then tables of 3, 4, 5 and 6 will be printed. Code:
class Tables
{

{
int a, b, c, d;
System.out.println("Enter range of numbers to print their multiplication
table");
a = in.nextInt();
b = in.nextInt();
for (c = a; c <= b; c++) {
System.out.println("Multiplication table of "+c);
}
}
for (d = 1; d <= 10; d++) {

System.out.println(c+"*"+d+" = "+(c*d));
}
How to get input from user in java

This program tells you how to get input from user in a java program. We are using Scanner class to
get input from user. This program firstly asks the user to enter a string and then the string is printed,
then an integer and entered integer is also printed and finally a float and it is also printed on the
screen. Scanner class is present in java.util package so we import this package in our program. We
first create an object of Scanner class and then we use the methods of Scanner class. Consider the
statement
Scanner a = new Scanner(System.in);
Here Scanner is the class name, a is the name of object, new keyword is used to allocate the memory
and System.in is the input stream. Following methods of Scanner class are used in the program
below :1) nextInt to input an integer
2) nextFloat to input a float
3) nextLine to input a string

class GetInputFromUser
{
{
int a;
float b;
String s;
System.out.println("Enter a string");
s = in.nextLine();
System.out.println("You entered string "+s);
System.out.println("Enter an integer");
a = in.nextInt();
System.out.println("You entered integer "+a);
System.out.println("Enter a float");
b = in.nextFloat();
System.out.println("You entered float "+b);
}
Download User input program class file.

Output of program:
There are other classes which can be used for getting input from user and you can also take input
from other devices.
Java program to find odd or even

This java program finds if a number is odd or even. If the number is divisible by 2 then it will be
even, otherwise it is odd. We use modulus operator to find remainder in our program.

class OddOrEven
{
{
int x;
System.out.println("Enter an integer to check if it is odd or even ");
x = in.nextInt();
if ( x % 2 == 0 )
System.out.println("You entered an even number.");

else
System.out.println("You entered an odd number.");
Download Odd or even program class file.

Output of program:
Another method to check odd or even, for explanation see: c program to check odd or even. Code:
class EvenOdd
{
{
int c;
c = in.nextInt();
if ( (c/2)*2 == c )
System.out.println("Even");
else
System.out.println("Odd");
}
There are other methods for checking odd/even one such method is using bitwise operator.
Java program to convert Fahrenheit to

Celsius
Java program to convert Fahrenheit to Celsius: This code does temperature conversion from
Fahrenheit scale to Celsius scale.
Java programming code

import java.util.*;
class FahrenheitToCelsius {
float temperatue;
System.out.println("Enter temperatue in Fahrenheit");
temperatue = in.nextInt();
temperatue = ((temperatue - 32)*5)/9;
}
System.out.println("Temperatue in Celsius = " + temperatue);
Download Fahrenheit to Celsius program class file.

Output of program:
For Celsius to Fahrenheit conversion use

T = 9*T/5 + 32
where T is temperature on Celsius scale. Create and test Fahrenheit to Celsius program yourself for
practice.
Java methods
Java methods tutorial: Java program consists of one or more classes and a class may contain
method(s). A class can do very little without methods. In this tutorial we will learn about Java
methods. Methods are known as functions in C and C++ programming languages. A method has a
name and return type. Main method is a must in a Java program as execution begins from it.
Syntax of methods
"Access specifier" "Keyword(s)" "return type" methodName(List of arguments) {
// Body of method
}
Access specifier can be public or private which decides whether other classes can call a method.
Kewords are used for some special methods such as static or synchronized.
Return type indicate return value which method returns.
Method name is a valid Java identifier name.
Access specifier, Keyword and arguments are optional.
Examples of methods declaration:
public static void main(String[] args);
void myMethod();
private int maximum();
public synchronized int search(java.lang.Object);
Java Method example program

class Methods {
// Constructor method
Methods() {
System.out.println("Constructor method is called when an object of it's
class is created");
}
// Main method where program execution begins
staticMethod();
Methods object = new Methods();
object.nonStaticMethod();
}
// Static method
static void staticMethod() {
System.out.println("Static method can be called without creating object");
}
// Non static method
void nonStaticMethod() {
System.out.println("Non static method must be called by creating an
object");
}
}
Output of program:
Download Methods program class file.
Java methods list

Java has a built in library of many useful classes and there are thousands of methods which can be
used in your programs. Just call a method and get your work done :) . You can find list of methods in
a class by typing following command on command prompt:
javap package.classname
For example
javap java.lang.String // list all methods and constants of String class.
javap java.math.BigInteger // list constants and methods of BigInteger class in java.math package
Java String methods

String class contains methods which are useful for performing operations on String(s). Below
program illustrate how to use inbuilt methods of String class.
Java string class program

class StringMethods
{
{
int n;
String s = "Java programming", t = "", u = "";
System.out.println(s);
// Find length of string
n = s.length();
System.out.println("Number of characters = " + n);
// Replace characters in string
t = s.replace("Java", "C++");
System.out.println(t);
// Concatenating string with another string

u = s.concat(" is fun");
System.out.println(u);
}
Output of program:
Java static block program

Java programming language offers a block known as static which is executed before main method
executes. Below is the simplest example to understand functioning of static block later we see a
practical use of static block.
Java static block program

class StaticBlock {
System.out.println("Main method is executed.");
}
static {
System.out.println("Static block is executed before main method.");
}
Output of program:
Static block can be used to check conditions before execution of main begin, Suppose we have
developed an application which runs only on Windows operating system then we need to check what
operating system is installed on user machine. In our java code we check what operating system user
is using if user is using operating system other than "Windows" then the program terminates.
class StaticBlock {
System.out.println("You are using Windows_NT operating system.");
}
static {
String os = System.getenv("OS");
if (os.equals("Windows_NT") != true) {
System.exit(1);
}
}
We are using getenv method of System class which returns value of environment variable name of
which is passed an as argument to it. Windows_NT is a family of operating systems which includes
Windows XP, Vista, 7, 8 and others.
Output of program on Windows 7:
Java static method

Java static method program: static methods in Java can be called without creating an object of class.
Have you noticed why we write static keyword when defining main it's because program execution
begins from main and no object has been created yet. Consider the example below to improve your
understanding of static methods.
Java static method example program

class Languages {
display();
}
static void display() {
System.out.println("Java is my favorite programming language.");
}
}
Output of program:
Java static method vs instance method

Instance method requires an object of its class to be created before it can be called while static
method doesn't require object creation.
class Difference {
display(); //calling without object
Difference t = new Difference();
t.show(); //calling using object
}
static void display() {
System.out.println("Programming is amazing.");
}
void show(){
System.out.println("Java is awesome.");
}
}
Output of code:
Using static method of another classes

If you wish to call static method of another class then you have to write class name while calling
static method as shown in example below.
import java.lang.Math;
class Another {
int result;
result = Math.min(10, 20); //calling static method min by writing class
name
System.out.println(result);
System.out.println(Math.max(100, 200));
}
Output of program:
10
200
Here we are using min and max methods of Math class, min returns minimum of two integers and
max returns maximum of two integers. Following will produce an error:
min();
We need to write class name because many classes may have a method with same name which we are
calling.
Using multiple classes in Java program

Java program can contain more than one i.e. multiple classes. Following example Java program
contain two classes: Computer and Laptop. Both classes have their own constructors and a method.
In main method we create object of two classes and call their methods.
Using two classes in Java program

class Computer {
Computer() {
System.out.println("Constructor of Computer class.");
void computer_method() {
System.out.println("Power gone! Shut down your PC soon...");
}
Computer my = new Computer();
Laptop your = new Laptop();
my.computer_method();
your.laptop_method();
}
class Laptop {
Laptop() {
System.out.println("Constructor of Laptop class.");
}
void laptop_method() {
System.out.println("99% Battery available.");
}
}
Output of program:
You can also create objects in method of Laptop class. When you compile above code two .class files
will be created which are Computer.class and Laptop.class, this has the advantage that you can reuse
your .class file somewhere in other projects without compiling the code again. In short number of
.class files created will be equal to number of classes in code. You can create as many classes as you
want but writing many classes in a single file is not recommended as it makes code difficult to read
rather you can create single file for every class. You can also group classes in packages for easily
managing your code.
Java constructor tutorial with code

examples
Constructor java tutorial: Java constructors are the methods which are used to initialize objects.
Constructor method has the same name as that of class, they are called or invoked when an object of
class is created and can't be called explicitly. Attributes of an object may be available when creating
objects if no attribute is available then default constructor is called, also some of the attributes may
be known initially. It is optional to write constructor method in a class but due to their utility they
are used.
Java constructor example

class Programming {
//constructor method
Programming() {
System.out.println("Constructor method called.");
}

Programming object = new Programming(); //creating object
}
Output of program:
This code is the simplest example of constructor, we create class Programming and create an object,
constructor is called when object is created. As you can see in output "Constructor method called." is
printed.
Java constructor overloading

Like other methods in java constructor can be overloaded i.e. we can create as many constructors in
our class as desired. Number of constructors depends on the information about attributes of an
object we have while creating objects. See constructor overloading example:
class Language {
String name;
Language() {
System.out.println("Constructor method called.");
}
Language(String t) {
name = t;
}
Language cpp = new Language();
Language java = new Language("Java");
cpp.setName("C++");
java.getName();
cpp.getName();
void setName(String t) {
name = t;
}
void getName() {
System.out.println("Language name: " + name);
}
}
Output of program:
When cpp object is created default constructor is called and when java object is created constructor
with argument is called, setName method is used to set 'name' attribute of language, getName
method prints language name.
Java constructor chaining

Constructor chaining occurs when a class inherits another class i.e. in inheritance, as in inheritance
sub class inherits the properties of super class. Both the super and sub class may have constructor
methods, when an object of sub class is created it's constructor is invoked it initializes sub class
attributes, now super class constructor needs to be invoked, to achieve this java provides a super
keyword through which we can pass arguments to super class constructor. For more understanding
see constructor chaining example:
class GrandParent {
int a;
GrandParent(int a) {
this.a = a;
}
class Parent extends GrandParent {

int b;
Parent(int a, int b) {
super(a);
this.b = b;
}
void show() {
System.out.println("GrandParent's a = " + a);
System.out.println("Parent's b
= " + b);
}
class Child {
Parent object = new Parent(8, 9);
object.show();
}
}
Output of program:
Constructor method doesn't specify a return type, they return instance of class itself.
Java exception handling tutorial with

example programs
Java exception handling tutorial: In this tutorial we will learn how to handle exception with the help
of suitable examples. Exceptions are errors which occur when the program is executing. Consider the
Java program below which divides two integers.
class Division {
int a, b, result;
System.out.println("Input two integers");
a = input.nextInt();
b = input.nextInt();
result = a / b;
System.out.println("Result = " + result);
}
}
Now we compile and execute the above code two times, see the output of program in two cases:
In the second case we are dividing a by zero which is not allowed in mathematics, so a run time error
will occur i.e. an exception will occur. If we write programs in this way then they will be terminated
abnormally and user who is executing our program or application will not be happy. This occurs
because input of user is not valid so we have to take a preventive action and the best thing will be to
notify the user that it is not allowed or any other meaningful message which is relevant according to
context. You can see the information displayed when exception occurs it includes name of thread, file
name, line of code (14 in this case) at which exception occurred, name of exception
(ArithmeticException) and it's description('/ by zero'). Note that exceptions don't occur only because
of invalid input only there are other reasons which are beyond of programmer control such as stack
overflow exception, out of memory exception when an application requires memory larger than what
is available.
Java provides a powerful way to handle such exceptions which is known as exception handling. In it
we write vulnerable code i.e. code which can throw exception in a separate block called as try block
and exception handling code in another block called catch block. Following modified code handles
the exception.
Java exception handling example

class Division {
int a, b, result;
System.out.println("Input two integers");
a = input.nextInt();
b = input.nextInt();
// try block
try {
result = a / b;
System.out.println("Result = " + result);
}
// catch block
catch (ArithmeticException e) {
System.out.println("Exception caught: Division by zero.");
}
}
}
Whenever an exception is caught corresponding catch block is executed, For example above code
catches ArithmeticException only. If some other kind of exception is thrown it will not be caught so
it's the programmer work to take care of all exceptions as in our try block we are performing
arithmetic so we are capturing only arithmetic exceptions. A simple way to capture any exception is
to use an object of Exception class as other classes inherit Exception class, see another example
below:
class Exceptions {
String languages[] = { "C", "C++", "Java", "Perl", "Python" };
try {
for (int c = 1; c <= 5; c++) {
System.out.println(languages[c]);
}
}
catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println(e);
}
}
Output of program:
C++
Java
Perl
Python
java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 5
Here our catch block capture an exception which occurs because we are trying to access an array
element which does not exists (languages[5] in this case). Once an exception is thrown control comes
out of try block and remaining instructions of try block will not be executed. At compilation time
syntax and semantics checking is done and code is not executed on machine so exceptions can only
be detected at run time.
Finally block in Java

Finally block is always executed whether an exception is thrown or not.
class Allocate {
try {
long data[] = new long[1000000000];
}
catch (Exception e) {
finally {
System.out.println("finally block will execute always.");
}
}
Output of program:
finally block will execute always.
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space
at Allocate.main(Allocate.java:5)
Exception occurred because we try to allocate a large amount of memory which is not available. This
amount of memory may be available on your system if this is the case try increasing the amount of
memory to allocate through the program.
Java program to swap two numbers

This java program swaps two numbers using a temporary variable. To swap numbers without using
extra variable see another code below.
Swapping using temporary or third variable

class SwapNumbers
{
{
int x, y, temp;
System.out.println("Enter x and y");
x = in.nextInt();
y = in.nextInt();
System.out.println("Before Swapping\nx = "+x+"\ny = "+y);
temp = x;
x = y;
y = temp;
System.out.println("After Swapping\nx = "+x+"\ny = "+y);
}
Swap numbers program class file.
Output of program:
Swapping without temporary variable

class SwapNumbers
{
{
int x, y;
System.out.println("Enter x and y");
x = in.nextInt();
y = in.nextInt();
System.out.println("Before Swapping\nx = "+x+"\ny = "+y);
x = x + y;
y = x - y;
x = x - y;
System.out.println("After Swapping\nx = "+x+"\ny = "+y);
}
For other methods to swap: C programming code to swap using bitwise XOR. Swapping is frequently
used in sorting techniques such as bubble sort, quick sort etc.
Java program to find largest of three

numbers
This java program finds largest of three numbers and then prints it. If the entered numbers are
unequal then "numbers are not distinct" is printed.

class LargestOfThreeNumbers
{
{
int x, y, z;
System.out.println("Enter three integers ");
x = in.nextInt();
y = in.nextInt();
z = in.nextInt();
if ( x > y && x > z )
System.out.println("First number is largest.");
else if ( y > x && y > z )
System.out.println("Second number is largest.");
else if ( z > x && z > y )
System.out.println("Third number is largest.");
else
System.out.println("Entered numbers are not distinct.");
}
Download Largest of three numbers program class file.

Output of program:
If you want to find out largest of a list of numbers say 10 integers then using above approach is not
easy, instead you can use array data structure.
Enhanced for loop java

Enhanced for loop java: Enhanced for loop is useful when scanning the array instead of using for
loop. Syntax of enhanced for loop is:
for (data_type variable: array_name)
Here array_name is the name of array.
Java enhanced for loop integer array
class EnhancedForLoop {
int primes[] = { 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29};
for (int t: primes) {

System.out.println(t);
}
Download Enhanced for loop program.

Output of program:
Java enhanced for loop strings

class EnhancedForLoop {
String languages[] = { "C", "C++", "Java", "Python", "Ruby"};
for (String sample: languages) {

System.out.println(sample);
}
Java program to find factorial

This java program finds factorial of a number. Entered number is checked first if its negative then an
error message is printed.

class Factorial
{
int n, c, fact = 1;
System.out.println("Enter an integer to calculate it's factorial");
n = in.nextInt();
if ( n < 0 )
System.out.println("Number should be non-negative.");
else
{
for ( c = 1 ; c <= n ; c++ )
fact = fact*c;
System.out.println("Factorial of "+n+" is = "+fact);
Download Factorial program class file.

Output of program:
You can also find factorial using recursion, in the code fact is an integer variable so only factorial of
small numbers will be correctly displayed or which fits in 4 bytes. For large numbers you can use
long data type.
Java program for calculating factorial of large numbers

Above program does not give correct result for calculating factorial of say 20. Because 20! is a large
number and cant be stored in integer data type which is of 4 bytes. To calculate factorial of say
hundred we use BigInteger class of java.math package.
import java.math.BigInteger;
class BigFactorial
{
{
int n, c;
BigInteger inc = new BigInteger("1");

BigInteger fact = new BigInteger("1");
for (c = 1; c <= n; c++) {
fact = fact.multiply(inc);
inc = inc.add(BigInteger.ONE);
}
System.out.println(n + "! = " + fact);
}
Download Big Factorial class file.

We run the above java program to calculate 100 factorial and following output is obtained.
Input an integer
100
100! =
933262154439441526816992388562667004907159682643816214685929638952175999932299
156089414639761565182862536979208272237582511852109168640000000000000000000000
00
Java program print prime numbers

This java program prints prime numbers, number of prime numbers required is asked from the user.
Remember that smallest prime number is 2.

import java.util.*;
class PrimeNumbers
{
{
int n, status = 1, num = 3;
System.out.println("Enter the number of prime numbers you want");
n = in.nextInt();
if (n >= 1)
{
System.out.println("First "+n+" prime numbers are :-");
System.out.println(2);
}
for ( int count = 2 ; count <=n ; )
{
for ( int j = 2 ; j <= Math.sqrt(num) ; j++ )
if ( num%j == 0 )
{
status = 0;
break;
}
}
if ( status != 0 )
{
System.out.println(num);
count++;
}
status = 1;
num++;
}
Download Prime numbers program class file.

Output of program:
We have used sqrt method of Math package which find square root of a number. To check if an
integer(say n) is prime you can check if it is divisible by any integer from 2 to (n-1) or check from 2 to
sqrt(n), first one is less efficient and will take more time.
Java program to check armstrong number

This java program checks if a number is Armstrong or not. Armstrong number is a number which is
equal to sum of digits raise to the power total number of digits in the number. Some Armstrong
numbers are: 0, 1, 4, 5, 9, 153, 371, 407, 8208 etc.

class ArmstrongNumber
{
{
int n, sum = 0, temp, remainder, digits = 0;
System.out.println("Input a number to check if it is an Armstrong
number");
n = in.nextInt();
temp = n;
// Count number of digits
while (temp != 0) {
digits++;
temp = temp/10;
}
temp = n;
while (temp != 0) {
remainder = temp%10;
sum = sum + power(remainder, digits);
temp = temp/10;
}
if (n == sum)
System.out.println(n + " is an Armstrong number.");
else
System.out.println(n + " is not an Armstrong number.");
}
static int power(int n, int r) {
int c, p = 1;
for (c = 1; c <= r; c++)
p = p*n;
}
return p;
Download Armstrong number program class file.
Output of program:
Using one more loop in the above code you can generate Armstrong numbers from 1 to n(say) or
between two integers (a to b).
Java program to print Floyd's triangle

This java program prints Floyd's triangle.

class FloydTriangle
{
{
int n, num = 1, c, d;
System.out.println("Enter the number of rows of floyd's triangle you
want");
n = in.nextInt();
System.out.println("Floyd's triangle :-");
for ( c = 1 ; c <= n ; c++ )
{
for ( d = 1 ; d <= c ; d++ )
{
System.out.print(num+" ");
num++;
}
System.out.println();
}
Download Floyd's triangle program class file.
Output of program:
In Floyd triangle there are n integers in the nth row and a total of (n(n+1))/2 integers in n rows. This
is a simple pattern to print but helpful in learning how to create other patterns. Key to develop
pattern is using nested loops appropriately.
Java program to reverse a string

This java program reverses a string entered by the user. We use charAt method to extract characters
from the string and append them in reverse order to reverse the entered string.

import java.util.*;
class ReverseString
{
{
String original, reverse = "";
System.out.println("Enter a string to reverse");
original = in.nextLine();
int length = original.length();
for ( int i = length - 1 ; i >= 0 ; i-- )
reverse = reverse + original.charAt(i);
System.out.println("Reverse of entered string is: "+reverse);
}
Download Reverse string program class file.
Output of program:
Reverse string using StringBuffer class

class InvertString
{
{
StringBuffer a = new StringBuffer("Java programming is fun");
System.out.println(a.reverse());
}
}
StringBuffer class contains a method reverse which can be used to reverse or invert an object of this
class.
Java program to check palindrome

Java palindrome program: Java program to check if a string is a palindrome or not. Remember a
string is a palindrome if it remains unchanged when reversed, for example "dad" is a palindrome as
reverse of "dad" is "dad" whereas "program" is not a palindrome. Some other palindrome strings are
"mom", "madam", "abcba".

import java.util.*;
class Palindrome
{
{
String original, reverse = "";
System.out.println("Enter a string to check if it is a palindrome");
original = in.nextLine();
int length = original.length();
for ( int i = length - 1; i >= 0; i-- )
reverse = reverse + original.charAt(i);
if (original.equals(reverse))
System.out.println("Entered string is a palindrome.");
else
System.out.println("Entered string is not a palindrome.");
}
Download Palindrome program class file.

Output of program:
Another method to check palindrome:

import java.util.*;
class Palindrome
{
{
String inputString;
System.out.println("Input a string");
inputString = in.nextLine();
int length = inputString.length();
int i, begin, end, middle;
begin = 0;
end
= length - 1;
middle = (begin + end)/2;
for (i = begin; i <= middle; i++) {
if (inputString.charAt(begin) == inputString.charAt(end)) {
begin++;
end--;
}
else {
break;
}
}
if (i == middle + 1) {
System.out.println("Palindrome");
}
else {
System.out.println("Not a palindrome");
}
Both the above codes consider string as case sensitive, you can modify them so that they ignore the
case of string. You can either convert both strings to lower or upper case for this. But do not modify
original strings as they may be further required in program.
Interface in Java
Interface in Java: Java interfaces are like Java classes but they contain only static final constants and
declaration of methods. Methods are not defined and classes which implements an interface must
define the body of method(s) of interface(s). Final constants can't be modified once they are
initialized; final, interface, extend and implements are Java keywords.
Declaration of interface:
interface InterfaceName {
// constants declaration
// methods declaration
}
Interface program in Java

In our program we create an interface named Info which contains a constant and a method
declaration. We create a class which implements this interface by defining the method declared
inside it.
interface Info {
static final String language = "Java";
public void display();
}
class Simple implements Info {
public static void main(String []args) {
Simple obj = new Simple();
obj.display();
}
// Defining method declared in interface
public void display() {
System.out.println(language + " is awesome");
Download Interface program class file.

Output of program:
Java program to compare two strings

This program compare strings i.e test whether two strings are equal or not, compareTo method of
String class is used to test equality of two String class objects. compareTo method is case sensitive i.e
"java" and "Java" are two different strings if you use compareTo method. If you wish to compare
strings but ignoring the case then use compareToIgnoreCase method.

class CompareStrings
{
{
String s1, s2;
System.out.println("Enter the first string");
s1 = in.nextLine();
System.out.println("Enter the second string");
s2 = in.nextLine();
if ( s1.compareTo(s2) > 0 )
System.out.println("First string is greater than second.");
else if ( s1.compareTo(s2) < 0 )
System.out.println("First string is smaller than second.");
else
System.out.println("Both strings are equal.");
Download Compare strings program class file.
Output of program:
String 'hello' is greater than 'Hello' as ASCII value of 'h' is greater than 'H'. To check two strings for
equality you can use equals method which returns true if strings are equal otherwise false.
Java program for linear search

Java program for linear search: Linear search is very simple, To check if an element is present in the
given list we compare search element with every element in the list. If the number is found then
success occurs otherwise the list doesn't contain the element we are searching.

class LinearSearch
{
{
int c, n, search, array[];
System.out.println("Enter number of elements");
n = in.nextInt();
array = new int[n];
System.out.println("Enter " + n + " integers");
for (c = 0; c < n; c++)
array[c] = in.nextInt();
System.out.println("Enter value to find");
search = in.nextInt();
for (c = 0; c < n; c++)

{
if (array[c] == search)
/* Searching element is present */
{
System.out.println(search + " is present at location " + (c + 1) +
".");
break;
}
}
if (c == n) /* Searching element is absent */
System.out.println(search + " is not present in array.");
}
}
Download Linear Search Java program class file.

Output of program:
Above code locate first instance of element to found, you can modify it for multiple occurrence of
same element and count how many times it occur in the list. Similarly you can find if an alphabet is
present in a string.
Java program for binary search

Java program for binary search: This code implements binary search algorithm. Please note input
numbers must be in ascending order.

class BinarySearch
{
{
int c, first, last, middle, n, search, array[];
System.out.println("Enter number of elements");
n = in.nextInt();
array = new int[n];
for (c = 0; c < n; c++)
System.out.println("Enter value to find");
search = in.nextInt();
first = 0;
last
= n - 1;
middle = (first + last)/2;
while( first <= last )
{
if ( array[middle] < search )
first = middle + 1;
else if ( array[middle] == search )
{
System.out.println(search + " found at location " + (middle + 1) +
".");
break;
}
else
last = middle - 1;
middle = (first + last)/2;
}
if ( first > last )
System.out.println(search + " is not present in the list.\n");
}
Download Binary Search Java program class file.
Output of program:
Other methods of searching are Linear search and Hashing. There is a binarySearch method in
Arrays class which can also be used.
import java.util.Arrays;
class BS
{
{
char characters[] = { 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e' };
System.out.println(Arrays.binarySearch(characters, 'a'));
System.out.println(Arrays.binarySearch(characters, 'p'));
}
binarySearch method returns the location if a match occurs otherwise -(x+1) where x is the no. of
elements in the array, For example in the second case above when p is not present in characters array
the returned value will be -6.
Java program to find all substrings of a

string
Java program to find substrings of a string :- This program find all substrings of a string and the
prints them. For example substrings of "fun" are :- "f", "fu", "fun", "u", "un" and "n". substring
method of String class is used to find substring. Java code to print substrings of a string is given
below.
Java programing code
class SubstringsOfAString
{
{
String string, sub;
int i, c, length;
System.out.println("Enter a string to print it's all substrings");
string = in.nextLine();
length = string.length();
System.out.println("Substrings of \""+string+"\" are :-");
for( c = 0 ; c < length ; c++ )

{
for( i = 1 ; i <= length - c ; i++ )
{
sub = string.substring(c, c+i);
System.out.println(sub);
}
}
Download Substrings of a string program class file.

Output of program:
For a string of length n there will be (n(n+1))/2 non empty substrings and one more which is empty
string. Empty string is considered to be substring of every string also known as NULL string.
Java program to display date and time,

print date and time using java program
Java date and time program :- Java code to print or display current system date and time. This
program prints current date and time. We are using GregorianCalendar class in our program. Java
code to print date and time is given below :-

import java.util.*;
class GetCurrentDateAndTime
{
{
int day, month, year;
int second, minute, hour;
GregorianCalendar date = new GregorianCalendar();
day = date.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH);
month = date.get(Calendar.MONTH);
year = date.get(Calendar.YEAR);
second = date.get(Calendar.SECOND);
minute = date.get(Calendar.MINUTE);
hour = date.get(Calendar.HOUR);
System.out.println("Current date is
System.out.println("Current time is
"+day+"/"+(month+1)+"/"+year);
"+hour+" : "+minute+" : "+second);
Download Date and time program class file.

Output of program:
Don't use Date and Time class of java.util package as their methods are deprecated means they may
not be supported in future versions of JDK. As an alternative of GregorianCalendar class you can use
Calendar class.
Java program to generate random

numbers
Java program to generate random numbers: This code generates random numbers in range 0 to 100
(both inclusive).

import java.util.*;
class RandomNumbers {
int c;
Random t = new Random();
// random integers in [0, 100]
for (c = 1; c <= 10; c++) {
System.out.println(t.nextInt(100));
}
}
Download Random Numbers program class file.

Output of program:
nextInt(c) method returns next integer in 0 to c (both inclusive), c must be positive. To generate
random float's use nextFloat which returns float between 0.0 to 1.0.
Java program to perform garbage

collection
This program performs garbage collection. Free memory in java virtual machine is printed and then
garbage collection is done using gc method of RunTime class, freeMemory method returns amount
of free memory in jvm, getRunTime method is used to get reference of current RunTime object.

import java.util.*;
class GarbageCollection
{
public static void main(String s[]) throws Exception
{
Runtime rs = Runtime.getRuntime();
System.out.println("Free memory in JVM before Garbage Collection =
"+rs.freeMemory());
rs.gc();
System.out.println("Free memory in JVM after Garbage Collection =
"+rs.freeMemory());
}
}
Download Garbage collection program class file.

Output of program:
Obviously the amount of available after garbage collection will be different on your computer.
Numbers are not important, what is important is that amount of memory available is more than
before. You can use this code in your program or projects which uses large amount of memory or
where frequently new objects are created but are required for a short span of time.
Java program to get ip address
This program prints IP or internet protocol address of your computer system. InetAddress class of
java.net package is used, getLocalHost method returns InetAddress object which represents local
host.

import java.net.InetAddress;
class IPAddress
{
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception
{
System.out.println(InetAddress.getLocalHost());
}
}
Download IP address program class file.

Output of program:
Output of code prints computer name/ IP address of computer. Java has a very vast Networking API
and can be used to develop network applications.
Java program to reverse number

This program prints reverse of a number i.e. if the input is 951 then output will be 159.

class ReverseNumber
{
{
int n, reverse = 0;
System.out.println("Enter the number to reverse");
n = in.nextInt();
while( n != 0 )
{
reverse = reverse * 10;
reverse = reverse + n%10;

n = n/10;
}
}
System.out.println("Reverse of entered number is "+reverse);
Download Reverse number program class file.

Output of program:
You can also reverse or invert a number using recursion. You can use this code to check if a number
is palindrome or not, if the reverse of an integer is equal to integer then it's a palindrome number
else not.
Java program to add two matrices

This java program add two matrices. You can add matrices of any order.

class AddTwoMatrix
{
{
int m, n, c, d;
System.out.println("Enter the number of rows and columns of matrix");
m = in.nextInt();
n = in.nextInt();
int first[][] = new int[m][n];
int second[][] = new int[m][n];
int sum[][] = new int[m][n];
System.out.println("Enter the elements of first matrix");
for ( c = 0 ; c < m ; c++ )

for ( d = 0 ; d < n ; d++ )
first[c][d] = in.nextInt();
System.out.println("Enter the elements of second matrix");
for ( c = 0 ; c < m ; c++ )
for ( d = 0 ; d < n ; d++ )
second[c][d] = in.nextInt();
for ( c = 0 ; c < m ; c++ )
for ( d = 0 ; d < n ; d++ )
sum[c][d] = first[c][d] + second[c][d];
to subtract matrices
//replace '+' with '-'
System.out.println("Sum of entered matrices:-");

for ( c = 0 ; c < m ; c++ )
{
for ( d = 0 ; d < n ; d++ )
System.out.print(sum[c][d]+"\t");
System.out.println();
}
Download Add matrix program class file.

Output of program:
This code adds two matrix, you can modify it to add any number of matrices. You can create a Matrix
class and create it's objects and then create an add method which sum the objects, then you can add
any number of matrices by repeatedly calling the method using a loop.
Java program to transpose matrix

This java program find transpose of a matrix of any order.

class TransposeAMatrix
{
{
int m, n, c, d;
System.out.println("Enter the number of rows and columns of matrix");
m = in.nextInt();
n = in.nextInt();
int matrix[][] = new int[m][n];
System.out.println("Enter the elements of matrix");
for ( c = 0 ; c < m ; c++ )
for ( d = 0 ; d < n ; d++ )
matrix[c][d] = in.nextInt();
int transpose[][] = new int[n][m];
for ( c = 0 ; c < m ; c++ )
{
for ( d = 0 ; d < n ; d++ )
transpose[d][c] = matrix[c][d];
}
System.out.println("Transpose of entered matrix:-");
for ( c = 0 ; c < n ; c++ )
{
for ( d = 0 ; d < m ; d++ )
System.out.print(transpose[c][d]+"\t");
}
}
System.out.print("\n");
Download Transpose matrix program class file.
Output of program:
This code can be used to check if a matrix symmetric or not, just compare the matrix with it's
transpose if they are same then it's symmetric otherwise non symmetric, also it's useful for
calculating orthogonality of a matrix.
Java program to multiply two matrices

This java program multiply two matrices. Before multiplication matrices are checked whether they
can be multiplied or not.

class MatrixMultiplication
{
{
int m, n, p, q, sum = 0, c, d, k;
System.out.println("Enter the number of rows and columns of first
matrix");
m = in.nextInt();
n = in.nextInt();
int first[][] = new int[m][n];
System.out.println("Enter the elements of first matrix");
for ( c = 0 ; c < m ; c++ )
for ( d = 0 ; d < n ; d++ )
first[c][d] = in.nextInt();
System.out.println("Enter the number of rows and columns of second
matrix");
p = in.nextInt();
q = in.nextInt();
if ( n != p )
System.out.println("Matrices with entered orders can't be multiplied
with each other.");
else
{
int second[][] = new int[p][q];
int multiply[][] = new int[m][q];
System.out.println("Enter the elements of second matrix");
for ( c = 0 ; c < p ; c++ )
for ( d = 0 ; d < q ; d++ )
second[c][d] = in.nextInt();
for ( c = 0 ; c < m ; c++ )
{
for ( d = 0 ; d < q ; d++ )
{
for ( k = 0 ; k < p ; k++ )
{
sum = sum + first[c][k]*second[k][d];
}
multiply[c][d] = sum;
sum = 0;
}
System.out.println("Product of entered matrices:-");

for ( c = 0 ; c < m ; c++ )
{
for ( d = 0 ; d < q ; d++ )
System.out.print(multiply[c][d]+"\t");
}
}
System.out.print("\n");
Download Matrix multiplication program class file.
Output of program:
This is a basic method of multiplication, there are more efficient algorithms available. Also this
approach is not recommended for sparse matrices which contains a large number of elements as
zero.
Java program to bubble sort

Java program to bubble sort: This code sorts numbers inputted by user using Bubble sort algorithm.

class BubbleSort {
public static void main(String []args) {
int n, c, d, swap;
System.out.println("Input number of integers to sort");
n = in.nextInt();
int array[] = new int[n];
for (c = 0; c < n; c++)
for (c = 0; c < ( n - 1 ); c++) {
for (d = 0; d < n - c - 1; d++) {

if (array[d] > array[d+1]) /* For descending order use < */
{
swap
= array[d];
array[d]
= array[d+1];
array[d+1] = swap;
}
}
}
System.out.println("Sorted list of numbers");
for (c = 0; c < n; c++)
System.out.println(array[c]);
}
Complexity of bubble sort is O(n2) which makes it a less frequent option for arranging in sorted order
when quantity of numbers is high.
Download Bubble sort Java program.
Output of program:
You can also use sort method of Arrays class to sort integers in ascending order but remember that
sort method uses a variation of Quick sort algorithm.
import java.util.Arrays;
class Sort
{
int data[] = { 4, -5, 2, 6, 1 };

Arrays.sort(data);
for (int c: data)

{
}
Java program to open Notepad

How to open Notepad through java program: Notepad is a text editor which comes with Windows
operating system, It is used for creating and editing text files. You may be developing java programs
in it but you can also open it using your java code.
How to open notepad using Java program

import java.util.*;
import java.io.*;
class Notepad {
Runtime rs = Runtime.getRuntime();
try {
rs.exec("notepad");
}
catch (IOException e) {
}
}
Download Notepad program.

Explanation of code: getRunTime method is used to get reference of current RunTime object, exec
method can be used to execute commands. You can also specify a file while opening notepad such as
exec("notepad programming.txt") where 'programming.txt' is the file you wish to open, if the file
doesn't exist in current working directory then a dialog box will be displayed to create file. You can
launch other applications using exec method, for example exec("calc") will launch calculator
application. If an application is present in a directory which is not set in environment variable PATH
then you can specify complete path of application. If you are still using Notepad for Java
development it is recommended to switch to some advanced text editor like Notepad++ or use a
development IDE.

Java Program

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Java program to add two numbers

Java programming source code

Download Add numbers program class file.

System.out.println("Enter second large number");

System.out.println("Result of addition = " + sum);

Download Adding Large numbers program class file.

Java hello world program

Java programming source code

Download Hello world program class file.

Java if else program

Java programming if else statement

Nested If Else statements

System.out.println("You passed the exam and your grade is " + grade);

Java for loop

Java for loop syntax

You can terminate an infinite loop by pressing Ctrl+C.

Simple for loop example in Java

for (c = 1; c <= 10; c++) {

Java for loop example to print stars in console

Java while loop

Java while loop example

Above program can be written in a more compact way as follows:

while ((n = input.nextInt()) != 0) {

Java while loop break program

Java while loop break continue program

System.out.println("You entered " + n);

Java program to print alphabets

Java source code

Using do while loop:

Java program to print multiplication table

Java programming source code

Download Multiplication table program class file.

public static void main(String args[])

for (d = 1; d <= 10; d++) {

How to get input from user in java

Java programming source code

Download User input program class file.

Java program to find odd or even

Java programming source code

System.out.println("You entered an even number.");

Download Odd or even program class file.

Java program to convert Fahrenheit to

Java programming code

System.out.println("Temperatue in Celsius = " + temperatue);

Download Fahrenheit to Celsius program class file.

For Celsius to Fahrenheit conversion use

Java Method example program

Download Methods program class file.

Java methods list

Java String methods

Java string class program

// Concatenating string with another string

Java static block program

Java static block program

Java static method

Java static method example program

Java static method vs instance method

Using static method of another classes

Using multiple classes in Java program

Using two classes in Java program

System.out.println("Constructor of Computer class.");

Java constructor tutorial with code

Java constructor example

public static void main(String[] args) {

Java constructor overloading

Java constructor chaining

class Parent extends GrandParent {

Java exception handling tutorial with

Java exception handling example

Finally block in Java

Java program to swap two numbers

Swapping using temporary or third variable

Swap numbers program class file.

Swapping without temporary variable

Java program to find largest of three

Java programming source code