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Edexcel C4 Integration & Differentiation

The document provides formulas and rules for integration and differentiation that are needed for C4 of the Edexcel exam. It includes exact trigonometric values, differentiation rules such as the product rule and implicit differentiation. Integration rules covered are integration by substitution, integration by parts, and standard integrals for exponential, logarithmic, trigonometric and other functions. Volume of revolution formulas are also presented for both Cartesian and parametric curves.

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lukas
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259 views8 pages

Edexcel C4 Integration & Differentiation

The document provides formulas and rules for integration and differentiation that are needed for C4 of the Edexcel exam. It includes exact trigonometric values, differentiation rules such as the product rule and implicit differentiation. Integration rules covered are integration by substitution, integration by parts, and standard integrals for exponential, logarithmic, trigonometric and other functions. Volume of revolution formulas are also presented for both Cartesian and parametric curves.

Uploaded by

lukas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
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Integration & Differentiation

What you are given and what you need to know in C4

FORMULAE FOR EDEXCEL


2013/14

Integration & Differentiation


What you are given and what you need to know in C4
Recap of C3 facts
Exact Values of trigonometric functions
x (deg)
x (rad)
sin

cos

tan

30

1
2

3
2

45

60

3
2

1
2

90

180

-1

Rules and facts


1. Sin2x + cos2x = 1

Integration & Differentiation | 2013/14

2. Tan x =

sin
cos
1

3. Cosec x =
4. Sec x =
5. Cot x =

sin
1

cos
1
tan

cos
sin

Applying these rules


Dividing (1) by sin2x will give you: 1 + cot2x = cosec2x
Dividing (1) by cos2x will give you: tan2x + 1 = sec2x

(*) means the rule is given in the Edexcel Formula book

3
1

Differentiation

Parametric Equations
If y = f(t) and x = g(t), then:
dy dt
=

dt dx
Implicit Differentiation
When f(x,y) = g(x,y), differentiate implicitly: that is differentiate w.r.t. y and include
dy/dx . The solution can simplified where necessary.
Example: y2 = xy + x + 2
(Hint: Use the product rule for xy)
2

=1
+1+1

ax
( )
= ln()

Start with

y = ax

Take logs of both sides

ln(y) = ln(ax)
ln(y) = x ln(a)

Differentiate implicitly

= ln()

Rearrange and substitute for y


( )
= ln()

(*) means the rule is given n the Edexcel Formula book

Integration & Differentiation | 2013/14

Proof of a x

Integration

Rules for Integration


Integration by substitution

There is no simple rule for integration by substitution, you must follow these steps:
Youll be given an integral which is made up of two functions of x.
4 (

2 1)

Substitute u for one of the functions of x to give function which is easier to integrate.
= 2 1,
Next, find

, and rewrite it so that dx is on its own.

1
= 2, =

2
Rewrite the original integral in terms of u and du.
: 4 = 2
Integrate and substitute back for u at the end.

Integration & Differentiation | 2013/14

2 = 2 + = 2 (

2 1)

Integration by parts*

When u=f(x) and v=g(x), then:

Choose your u and v functions carefully to make the integral easier.

(*) means the rule is given in the Edexcel Formula book

Volume of revolution : Cartesian


2

= 2
1

This describes the volume generated when the curve of y = f(x) from x1 to x2 is rotated 360
about the x-axis.

Volume of revolution: Parametric

= 2

This describes the volume generated when the curve is defined by its parametric form (x(t),
y(t)) in the interval (a,b) is rotated 360 about the x-axis.

Integration & Differentiation | 2013/14

Both equations for the volumes of revolution can be adjusted for rotation about the y-axis by
substituting x for y and vice versa.

(*) means the rule is given n the Edexcel Formula book

Standard Integrals you should know :


1

( + ) =

(+1)

( + )+1 +

where n1

Exponential functions

= +
+

1 +

Other functions

1
= || +

1
1
= | + | +
+

()
= |()| +
()

This rule leads to these standard integrals (*) :

Integration & Differentiation | 2013/14

() = |() + cot()| +

() = |() + tan()| +
() = |()| +

(*) means the rule is given in the Edexcel Formula book

Using functions and derivatives

() = () +

( + 1) () [()] = [()]+1 +

Trigonometric Integration
Basics
Learn these facts and do not confuse them with the rules for differentiation.
sin() = cos() +
cos() = sin() +
Summary (+ constant)
()

Cos x

Sin x

Sin x

-Cos x

sec2(kx)

In formula book

tan (kx)

tan(x)

|sec()|

cot(x)

|sin()|

sec (x)

|sec() + tan()|

cosec(x)

|cosec() + cot()|

(*) means the rule is given n the Edexcel Formula book

Integration & Differentiation | 2013/14

y=f(x)

Applying these facts


By the chain rule:

[sin(+)]

= acos( + )

Hence:

cos( + ) = sin( + ) +

It follows that:

sin( + ) =

cos( + ) +

By the quotient rule:

[tan()]

Hence:

2 () = tan() +

Also:

2 () = k tan() + (*)

Thus:

2 ( + ) = a tan( + ) +

= 2 ()

Integration & Differentiation | 2013/14

(*) means the rule is given in the Edexcel Formula book

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