Fundamentals Assignment

NAME: EUGUNE CHOW MUN WAI
MATRICS CARD NO: A15MJ0033

Question 1
1. By using nodal analysis, analyse the circuit of Fig. 1(a) and Fig. 1(b) for v1, v2 and v3.
Figure 1(a)
Solution :
At supernode v1-v2,
I1=I2+I3+I4+I5
2=V1-V3 + V1 + V2-V3 + V2
0.5
0.125 0.25
2=2V1-2V3+V1+8V2-8V3+4V2
2+3V1+12V2-10V3 : equation 1
By using KVL at loop :

-V1+2V0+V0=0
V1=3V0 , V0=V2
V1=3V2-: equation 2
V3=13V: equation 3
Sub equation 2 and 3 into equation 1 :
2=3(3V2)+12V2-10(13)
2=9V2+12V2-130
132=21V2
V2=6.286V
When V2=6.286V , sub into equation 2 , so V1 = 18.858V
Answer : V1 = 18.858V , V2=6.286V , V3=13V
Figure 1(b)
Solution :
Figure A
Figure B
At supernode V1,V2,V3 (shown at Figure A):
We cannot use KCL because it able cancel each other .But from the circuit , we able know that V2 =
12V
So to find V1 and V3 , we use KVL (shown at Figure B):
Loop 1 : -V1-10+12=0
V1=2V
Loop 2 : -12+20+V3=0
V3=-8V
Answer : V1=2V , V2=12V , V3=-8V
Question 2
11k and 10k resistors are parallel. Therefore,
R11||10 =
11 x 10
11 10
= 5.238k as shown in the figure below.
By Using supermesh:
Applying mesh to Loop 1 and Loop 2:
-25 + 2i +4i2 + 5.238i = 0
-25 + 7.238i + 4i2 = 0 (1)
Applying KCL at the node:

i = 20 + i2
Substitute i = 20 + i2 into Equation (1):
-25 + 7.238(20 + i2) + 4i2 = 0
119.76 + 11.238i2 = 0
i2= -10.66mA
v = 4i2
= 4(-10.66) = -42.64V
Substitute i2 = -10.66 into Equation (1):
-25 + 7.238i + 4(-10.66) = 0
i = 9.345mA
Question 3
3) (a)
Combining the 3A ammeter and the 2 ohm resistor by using ohms law,
V =IR
V =3 2=6 V
The voltage and the resistor becomes series after source transformation. The diagram is
shown below:
Combining the two resistors in series,

R=2+ 4=6
The diagram is shown below:
By using the loop, combining all the voltage, and the resistors are combining as parallel:
V T =101=9 V
1 1 1
Req =[ + ]
3 6
1 1
Req =[ ]
2
Req =2
By using the source transformation, the current can be calculated:
I=
V
R
V =3 2=6 V
9
I = =3 A
3
The two voltage and current diagram is shown after source transformation,
(b)
By using source transformation, the voltage of 4 ohm resistor and 1 ampere current is found:
V =IR
V =1 4=4 V
The diagram is shown as below,
Combining the voltage between 1V and 4V, and the 2 ohm and 4 ohm resistors:
V =1+ 4=5V
1
1 1
R=[ + ]
2 4
3 1
R=[ ]
4
4
R=
3
The diagram is shown as below after combining,
Combining to find the total resistance and the voltage as well as the current:
V =5+ 4=9 V
R=1.333+3=4.333
I=
V
R
I=
9
=2.077 A
4.333
After the source transformation, the final diagram is shown as below,

4.333
9 Vrms
60 Hz
0
2.077 A
1kHz
0
b
4.333
Question 4
Solution:
Using current division:

Current flowing through 5 resistor is, I =
6
(2)
5+ 6
12
A
11
Vx = IR
= (12/11)(5)
= 5.455V
The 5 and 6 resistors will be ignored because of short circuit.

Therefore, Vx = 0
The 5 and 6 resistors will be ignored because of short circuit.

Therefore, Vx = 0
Vx = 5.455 + 0 + 0
= 5.455V.
Question 5
When the switch is on (t<0), the inductor acts as a straight wire while the capacitor acts as an
open circuit. Thus, the circuit can be redrawn to circuit 1a.
Circuit 1a
From the circuit, it could be seen that:

R2 ||(R3 +R4)||(R5 +R6)
(
Req =
1
1
1
)k
15 40 40 10 10
= 7.742k
Rtotal = 10k +7.742k = 17.742k
V(0-)= V(0) =
i(0-)= i(0) =
7.742
(30) 13.09V
17.742
13.09
0.738mA
17.742 103
When t > 0, the switch is opened and the circuit becomes as follows in circuit 2a and can be
redrawn into the diagram in circuit 2b:
15k
Circuit 2a
Circuit 2b
Circuit 2b can then be further simplified to become circuit 2c.
where Req = 25.413k
25.413 103
6353.25
2(2)
1
o
10
1
2( )
20
> o Hence, the circuit is overdamped.
S1, 2 2 o (6353.25) (6353.25) 2 ( 10 ) 2

2
S1 7.879 10 4
S 2 12706.5
i (t ) A1e s1t A2 e s2t
i (t ) A1e 7.879t A2 e 12706.5t
When t = 0
i(0) = A1+A2 =0.73810-3
A2 =0.73810-3A1
di (0)
7.879 10 4 A1 12706.5 A 2
dt
1
( RI o Vo ) 7.879 10 4 A1 12706.5 A 2
L
1
(( 25.413 103 )( 0.738 10 3 ) 13.09) 7.879 10 4 A1 12706.5 A2
2
15.922 7.879 10 4 A1 12706.5(0.738 10 3 A1 )
15.922 12706.499 A1 9.377
A1 1.991 10 3
A2 0.738 10 3 1.991 10 3 1.253 10 3
i (t ) 1.991 10 3 e 7.879t 1.253 10 3 e 12706.5t
V (t ) I (t ) R (1.99110 3 e 7.87910 1.253 103 e 12706.5t )(25.413 103 )

4
V (t ) 50.6e 7.87910 31.842e 12706.5t
Question 6
Analyze the calculate io(t) and vo(t) of the circuit shown in Figure 4 for t>0 .
For t < 0,
At t = 0- ,
8
( 30 )
8+12
vo(0) =
= 24V
For t > 0,
1
(2 RC )
1
LC
1
=
1
2(8)( )
4
1
1 (1 /4 )
=2
Since less than we have an under-damped response .

d =
( )
2
4(
1
)
16
= 1.9843
vo(t) = (A1cosdt + A2sindt)e-t

A1= 24
io(t) = C(dvo/dt) = 0 when t = 0
dvo/dt = -(A1cosd dt + A2sind dt)e-t + (-d A1sind dt + d A2cosd dt)e-t

at t = 0, dvo(0)/dt = 0 = -A1 + d A2
Thus, A2 = (/d)A1 = (1/4)(24)/1.9843 = 3.024
vo(t) = (24cos1.9843t + 3.024sin1.9843t)e-t/4 volts.
i0(t) = Cdv/dt
= 0.25[24(1.9843)sin1.9843t + 3.024(1.9843)cos1.9843t 0.25(24cos1.9843t) 0.25(3.024sin1.9843t)]e-t/4
= [0.000131cos1.9843t 12.095sin1.9843t]e-t/4A.
Question 7
7. Referring to the circuit shown in Figure 7, analyse the value of v(t) for all time.
Solution:
When t < 0, u(t) = 0, LC circuit is disconnected from the voltage source.
i(0) = 0A,
v(0) = 0V
When t > 0, u(t) = 1, capacitor acrs like open circuit and inductor acts like short circuit.
v(t) = 50V
i(t) =
50
5
i(t) = 10A

Fundamentals Assignment

Uploaded by

Fundamentals Assignment

Uploaded by

NAME: EUGUNE CHOW MUN WAI

MATRICS CARD NO: A15MJ0033

By using KVL at loop :

When V2=6.286V , sub into equation 2 , so V1 = 18.858V

Answer : V1 = 18.858V , V2=6.286V , V3=13V

At supernode V1,V2,V3 (shown at Figure A):

So to find V1 and V3 , we use KVL (shown at Figure B):

Answer : V1=2V , V2=12V , V3=-8V

11k and 10k resistors are parallel. Therefore,

= 5.238k as shown in the figure below.

Applying KCL at the node:

Combining the two resistors in series,

The diagram is shown below:

The diagram is shown as below,

The diagram is shown as below after combining,

After the source transformation, the final diagram is shown as below,

Using current division:

The 5 and 6 resistors will be ignored because of short circuit.

The 5 and 6 resistors will be ignored because of short circuit.

From the circuit, it could be seen that:

Rtotal = 10k +7.742k = 17.742k

Circuit 2b can then be further simplified to become circuit 2c.

where Req = 25.413k

> o Hence, the circuit is overdamped.

S1, 2 2 o (6353.25) (6353.25) 2 ( 10 ) 2

i (t ) A1e s1t A2 e s2t

i (t ) A1e 7.879t A2 e 12706.5t

i (t ) 1.991 10 3 e 7.879t 1.253 10 3 e 12706.5t

V (t ) I (t ) R (1.99110 3 e 7.87910 1.253 103 e 12706.5t )(25.413 103 )

V (t ) 50.6e 7.87910 31.842e 12706.5t

Since less than we have an under-damped response .

vo(t) = (A1cosdt + A2sindt)e-t

dvo/dt = -(A1cosd dt + A2sind dt)e-t + (-d A1sind dt + d A2cosd dt)e-t

You might also like