Competitive Database Migration Tools and Methodology

Migration to Microsoft SQL Server 2014 Using SSMA

Technical White Paper

Authors: Sudhir Gajre (DB Best), Badal Bordia (ASPL), Vishal Soni (ASPL)
Technical reviewers: Dandy Weyn (DB Best), Bill Ramos (Indigo Slate), Darmadi Komo (Microsoft)

Published: March 2015

Applies to: Azure SQL Database and Microsoft SQL Server 2014

Summary: Microsoft SQL Server is the worlds most deployed database and is included in the Leaders
Quadrant for the Gartners Magic Quadrant for Operational Database Management Systems 1. Large
numbers of customers are adopting SQL Server because of its low total cost of ownership; ease of
management; support for a wide range of enterprise-grade features; and enterprise-class scalability,
availability, and reliability. Microsoft SQL Server Migration Assistant (SSMA) helps organizations to
modernize their platforms by migrating their legacy applications and databases from other vendors
(including Access, DB2, MySQL, Oracle, and Sybase) to SQL Server. In this white paper, we will see how
SSMA is helping to automate the various phases of database migration, such as data assessment,
schema and application migration, data migration, and testing. We will also discuss how SSMA
significantly speeds upand reduces the cost ofmigration at every step.

SQL Server Blog, Microsoft a Leader in Gartners Magic Quadrant for Operational Database Management Systems
http://blogs.technet.com/b/dataplatforminsider/archive/2013/10/31/microsoft-a-leader-in-gartner-s-magic-quadrant-for-operationaldatabase-management-systems.aspx, October 2013.
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Copyright
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guarantee the accuracy of any information presented after the date of publication.
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2015 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

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All other trademarks are property of their respective owners.

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Contents
Why migrate to SQL Server? .......................................................................................... 4
Business considerations ........................................................................................................................... 4
Technical considerations........................................................................................................................... 4
Architectural considerations ...................................................................................................................... 5
Customer evidenceWhy migrate to SQL Server? ................................................................................. 6

Database migration approach and process ..................................................................... 8

Database migration challenges and concerns .......................................................................................... 8
Application and platform migration approach ............................................................................................ 8
Database migration approach ................................................................................................................... 9
Database and application migration process .......................................................................................... 10

Data migration using SQL Server Migration Assistant................................................... 15

SSMA overview ....................................................................................................................................... 15
SSMA migrationAutomation of all phases of database migration ....................................................... 15
SSMA and database migration considerations ....................................................................................... 16
Azure SQL Database service migration .................................................................................................. 17

Whats new in SSMA v6.0 ............................................................................................. 17

SSMA engineering and support .................................................................................... 19
Conclusion .................................................................................................................... 19
Key resources ............................................................................................................... 20

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Why migrate to SQL Server?

For any organization, staying on legacy platforms and technologies can negatively affect the IT budget
and restrict the ability to grow the business and adapt to changing market dynamics. To ensure effective
overall development, an organization must have a strategy for upgrading and modernizing infrastructure,
including applications, databases, and other associated systems. For this reason, application and data
platform modernization are considered among the top enterprise IT initiatives. According to a research
analyst at Gartner2, Application modernization and increasing agility will continue to be a solid driver.
For any organization, the right approach to modernization will depend upon its business requirements; its
current infrastructure, including data and applications; and the behavior of people using these
applications and infrastructure. An enterprise needs to visualize the future of its IT assets, and should be
able to justify its IT investments from a business perspective. This will help it identify the best approach
and prepare a roadmap for an efficient transition to modernization. Staying with legacy applications and
database platforms prevents an organization from putting its best foot forward against the market
dynamics.
Microsoft SQL Server helps organizations break the traditional barriers of legacy databases, and delivers
a modern application platform with mission critical performance, faster insights, and support for cloudbased scenarios. SQL Server 2014 enables high-performance, in-memory, and security technology
across a wide variety of workloads, with up to 30x faster transactions and 100x query performance gains.
Powered by built-in in-memory technology and reinforced with enhanced security, scalability, and
availability, SQL Server 2014 provides support for all types of workloads, including online transaction
processing (OLTP), data warehousing, business intelligence, and analytics. SQL Server 2014 is designed
to work in a hybrid environment that spans on-premises resources and the cloud. The familiar and easyto-use tools make it easy for organizations to adopt and grow with this highly performant technology
platform.

Business considerations
The total cost of ownership (TCO) stands out as a major business consideration for the adoption of
SQL Server 2014. SQL Server delivers full enterprise-grade features at a lower TCOand unlike the
products from most other competitors, no costly add-ons are required. SQL Server 2014 supports
mission-critical operations and modern app development with enterprise-class capabilities built into a
single solution. SQL Server offers an integrated high-availability solution with faster failover and reliable
backups, delivering new standards in enabling mission-critical operations. SQL Server 2014based
solutions are easy to deploy, manage, and monitor, which helps organizations reduce management costs,
drive incremental revenue from improved systems, and improve IT and end-user productivity while
reducing TCO.

Technical considerations
Microsoft SQL Server 2014 is bundled with many new features, making it a compelling upgrade for most
organizations. These features enable organizations to scale and transform their businesses, with up to a
30x performance gain for transaction processing using existing hardware and a greater than 100x
performance gain for data warehousing. New features include:

In-Memory OLTP: In-Memory OLTP is a memory-optimized database engine integrated into

the SQL Server engine and optimized for online transaction processing (OLTP) workloads.

Gartner Newsroom, Gartner Says Cloud, Mobility and Open Source Will Drive Application Development Market to Exceed $9
Billion in 2012, http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/2131115, August 2012.
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With this feature, certain tables and stored procedures can be moved into the main memory
(RAM), which reduces the query response time and hence improves performance.

AlwaysOn enhancements: Introduced in SQL Server 2012, AlwaysOn Failover Cluster

Instances and AlwaysOn Availability Groups gain several enhancements in SQL Server
2104, including an increased number of secondary replicas and simplified wizards.

Microsoft Azure integration: A new wizard provides the capability to directly host a SQL
Server database in a Windows Azure Virtual Machine. There is native support for SQL Server
database files stored as Windows Azure Blobs, providing a dedicated storage location for the
databases.

ColumnStore Indexes: New updateable Clustered ColumnStore Indexes help improve data
compression and query performance for data warehousing workloads. This feature also
supports archival data compression.

Buffer pool extension: Solid-state drives (SSD) can be used as a nonvolatile random
access memory (NVRAM) extension to expand the buffer pool when systems run out of
memory.

Resource Governor enhancements for physical I/O control: The Resource Governor can
now be used to manage and restrict use of physical I/O resources in addition to CPU and
memory resourcesfor example, by setting limits on the amount of CPU, physical I/O, and
memory resources that incoming application requests can use within a resource pool.

Backup and restore enhancements: SQL Server Backup to URL now supports backup to
or restore from Windows Azure Blob storage service. Backups can be encrypted at the time
of backup operation.

Improved query performance: With a completely redesigned cardinality estimator, SQL

Server 2014 has an improved quality of query plans and, therefore, improved query
performance.

Architectural considerations
In recent years, there has been a dramatic change in both business needs and available hardware
resources, which has brought a shift in the architectural paradigm. Now organizations require a stable yet
dynamic environment, including a robust platform and handy tools to keep up with the changing needs of
the market. Key architectural considerations for SQL Server 2014 include:

Modernized architecture: A modernized architecture offers an agile and competitive

environment, which organizations can harness for faster business results. It also increases
consolidation and performance, and often provides better management capabilities. Microsoft
SQL Server 2014 delivers new ways to efficiently store and use data, supporting most modern
applications. With the new in-memory technology, it is optimized for various types of workloads,
including online transaction processing (OLTP), data warehousing (DW), and analytics and
business intelligence (BI). Its wide range of new features helps improve performance
dramatically, while providing a base for hybrid cloud-based environments.

Consistent architecture: Many customers have multiple database technologies implemented in

their environments, which is usually a costly affair and requires complicated management efforts.
A single database for both on-premises and cloud environments provides a consistency of
architecture across the environment. SQL Server 2014 uses the same familiar architecture, the
same T-SQL language, and the same APIs across on-premises and cloud environments to
connect to the applications. This provides the additional advantage of consistent experience and
performance across the entire environment.

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Simplification and standardization: A consistency in architecture also brings simplification and

standardization of processes. For example, instead of needing several tools to manage updates
and maintenance, a single standard process could work for all databases across the entire
environment. Similarly, organizations can avoid the complexities of managing multiple licenses
from various vendors.

Customer evidenceWhy migrate to SQL Server?

Auckland Airport wanted to replace its existing IBM Cognos and
Oracle DW-based solutions because the managers wanted more
flexibility and faster access to information. They were looking for a
solution that could integrate with various data sourcesincluding
commercial business units, aeronautical systems, baggage-handling,
engineering systems, and sensitive information from external
systemswhile enabling self-service BI for its managers.

By using SQL Server 2012,

we can look at dynamic and
near real-time reporting
alongside weekly and monthly
static reports. Our goal is to
improve business agility and
optimize our offerings with
faster access to analytics.
Cameron Brill,
Auckland Airport,
Technology Manager

Solution:
The new solution, based on Microsoft SQL Server, handles 13 million
transactions each month from duty-free sales alone, and it includes
100 million rows in the largest table. It uses 25 dashboards and more
than 120 interactive charts and scorecards.
Benefits:
Improved business agility and faster access to data, as
business managers have direct access to data without having to
wait for monthly reports.
Enhanced data oversight and compliance, with easy-toproduce, highly prescriptive audit reports.
Self-service BI tools provide simplified and accelerated reporting.

For more details, see https://customers.microsoft.com/Pages/CustomerStory.aspx?recid=13485.

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Sumitomo Rubber Industries (SRI), Ltd., wanted to migrate their

stand-alone workloads, which ran on HP Itanium servers, the HPUNIX OS, and Oracle database software. It wanted to facilitate
international growth and reduce environmental impact by
consolidating server computers and standardizing IT. SRI wanted to
update its mission-critical infrastructure to support server
virtualization, improve data insight, and streamline processes.

With SQL Server Migration

Assistant for Oracle, we can
migrate our databases to SQL
Server without any trouble.
Mr. Keiichi Tanaka,
Senior Leader of the Business
Partner Department,
SRI Systems

Solution:
In addition to migrating its Oracle database to the Microsoft SQL
Server using SSMA, SRI replaced its Itanium server computers with
64-bit(x86) hardware from NEC and virtualized servers wherever
possible. Engineers plan to develop all new software with the
Microsoft .NET Framework or Java. By end of 2016, SRI plans to
migrate majority of its mission-critical systems to Microsoft platform.
Benefits:
SRI forecasts reduced software license costs of 88 million
(US $1 million) in five years just by migrating its dealer
management system to the Microsoft platform.
The unified Microsoft infrastructure increased collaborative
development and innovation across different teams.

The new enterprise-wide BI solution improved data integrity and

data insights.
For more details, see https://customers.microsoft.com/Pages/CustomerStory.aspx?recid=16398.

General Cars Syndicate (Naqaba) is responsible for providing secure

and comfortable transportation for pilgrims. With more and more of
their ticketing, coordination, and other operations managed by their
Applied Systems portal, Naqaba realized the need to improve the
reliability and availability of their Oracle-based system. It needed to
move to a better database solution that would provide high
availability, high resilience, an effective continuity of business and
disaster recovery strategy, and lower license fees.
Not only did we increase the
functionality and provide
continuity of business
operations, we also reduced
the cost.

Solution:
The Oracle database was readily migrated to SQL Server 2008 using
the SQL Server Migration Assistant (SSMA) for Oracle, which was a
very cost-effective solution for migrating and validating the migration
of both code and data from Oracle to SQL Server. By combining the
witness server with asynchronous database mirroring, this solution
delivered a truly redundant, resilient, and high-availability system.

Fadi Areeshi
General Cars Syndicate,
SQL Server DBA

Benefits:
High performance and faster access to data through tight
integration among Microsoft products.
Minimal conversion was required to the .NET applications,
accelerating the projects time-to-value.

Achieving significant productivity gains with almost no change in

overall cost.
For more details, see https://customers.microsoft.com/Pages/CustomerStory.aspx?recid=3034.

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Database migration approach and process

Database migration challenges and concerns
Database migration is usually considered a complex task, not just from the technology perspective, but
also as a deliberate part of overall business strategy. Here are the key challenges that organizations face
when planning for a database migration:

Value realization: Making the right decision about which data to migrate is the foremost concern
for organizations. Data storage and management involves huge investments of cost and timeas
does data migration. Without proper cost and value estimates, an organization might migrate all
data sources to target systems, only to realize later that migrating the not-so-critical databases to
newer technologies cost more than the actual value of the data itself.

Risk: In-house database administrators (DBAs) are not accustomed to performing database
migration as a part of their regular day-to-day activities, and might find it difficult to identify all the
possible risks and dependencies up front. Therefore, even after proper planning and
methodologies, there is a risk of exceeding time and cost budgets when carrying out migration
projects.

Skills: Efficiently migrating a large or complex database with multiple dependencies requires
qualified talent. The involvement of sufficiently skilled personnel can ensure minimal data-quality
issues post-migration. In addition, the existing users or developers of the technology must be retrained to use and understand the new applications and platforms quickly and easily for effective
adoption.

Application and platform migration approach

For any organization, the actual approach for migrating applications and platform will vary, as it depends
on the existing infrastructure and the business requirements. However, based on the analysis of general
patterns, a typical approach can be defined.

Business and technical/architectural case: If an organization is using a small number of

database instances, migration can be a comparatively easy task. But organizations usually have
large database environments with hundreds of applications and supporting elements bundled
together. Database migration in such cases, known as platform migration, is very complex and
requires specialized skills and procedures. A high-level assessment of the entire environment
(most likely using an automated assessment tool) is essential to understand the potential
technical challenges. Assessment reports can be used to obtain a rough estimate of the manhours required to migrate the entire platform. Based on this, a business case can be prepared
with a return on investment (ROI) estimate. This will help decision makers analyze and justify the
investments in migration.

Pilot runmigrate and assess sample applications: Some sample applications with different
levels of complexityfor example, low, medium and high complexitycan be selected for
migration to SQL Server. Migration of these samples can provide a fair idea of the actual
complexity involved in migrating the entire platform. The assessment reports for these application
migrations can help customers to visualize and evaluate the complexity of the overall platform
migration.

Entire platform migration: Migration of the entire platform is a complex process, and it requires
robust planning and effective execution by skilled engineers. Additional automation tools can be
used to help carry out the transition in an effective manner.

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Database migration approach

The database and application migration process can be approached like a software development project.
The translation of code from the source system to the destination system involves a defined methodology
and professionalism. It can be broken down into different phases (Figure 1).

Figure 1. Database migration approach

Check migration readiness: The initial step when preparing for a database migration is to
assess the database environment, so that the risks can be evaluated. Assessment reports should
include information such as the amount of migration that can be automated and estimates of the
manual effort required. Based on the key findings from this assessment report, the organization
can proceed with capacity planning, including determining the hardware and software
infrastructure. Then the engagement model to be used during the migration process can be
defined.

Database migration steps: An organization should analyze the existing database, and then
design SQL Server database to provide similar functionality. Next, a prioritized migration roadmap
should be prepared, based on business objectives. Once that is done, database objects can be
migrated, including tables, views, triggers, PL/SQL packages, Java code, and stored procedures.
When the schema is ready in the destination database, data can be migrated. When both schema
and data are ready in the destination system, the database schema and the validity of the data
can be verified.

Load parallel data: If extract-transform-load (ETL) packages were used to load the data from or
to some external data stores, those packages need to point to the new database location. Any
data extraction processes from the original database will also need to be replicated within the
new SQL Server instance. Load performance can be checked by running some test loads. Once
performance has been verified, security and monitoring functions needs to be set up and
validated.

Perform application remediation: Finally, testing for data integration with the applications that
used data from the original database is required to ensure that the applications work with the new
SQL Server instance. This should be followed by user-acceptance testing, and training and
knowledge transfer to the respective stakeholders. Production-environment implementation and
post-production support activities follow as for any software project activity.

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Database and application migration process

The process for database and application migration can be thought of like a software development
project. The methodology and professionalism required for the translation of code from system A to
system B involves planning, transformation, and tuning, which can be broken down into different phases,
as shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2. Database and application migration process

Scoping and planning: As with any software development project, the initial requirement for
data migration is to define the scope of the project. This step includes identification of all
database instances and supporting architecture requirements involved in or affected by the
migration.
o

Database discovery: Organizations usually have multiple database instances from

several vendors spread across their environments. Therefore it is essential to prepare a
complete inventory of all software residing throughout the environment when planning a
database and application migration. Automated discovery tools like Microsoft
Assessment and Planning (MAP) Toolkit can be used for this. With the MAP Toolkit, an
organization can perform discovery across its entire environment, and prepare an
inventory of the entire database-related infrastructure, including instances of Oracle,
DB2, Sybase, and SQL Server. This helps the organization understand the high-level
architecture of the entire environment. For example, a customer can know that its
environment has 40 percent SQL footprints, 20 percent DB2, and 40 percent Oracle.
Based on this information it could evaluate the efficiencies of each database vendor, and
identify which database instances it should migrate.

Architecture requirements: Applications do not run in isolation, but require supporting

infrastructure, like a high-availability solution, security, and other features. When
migrating an existing database to a SQL Serverbased system, the entire architecture

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may need to be remodeled. For example, if an organization has an Oracle environment,

and it is using Oracle GoldenGate or Oracle Fail Safe for high availability, migration from
Oracle to SQL would also mean providing similar functionality using AlwaysOn. There
could also be external dependencies on the database systems, like shell scripts running
once every 15 days to upload data to an HR system, or feeds that load data to external
(partner) applications. These tasks would also need to be either re-engineered entirely
(using SSIS) or transformed to PowerShell-based tasks. A thorough evaluation of
dependencies can be a critical factor in defining an effective migration approach.

Database migration and application conversion: Before beginning the actual database
migration and application conversion, an assessment of the environment can help to identify the
actual effort and complexity involved in the migration process.
o

Migration assessment: For any organization, running an assessment of the entire

environment (including the production environment) can take a long time, and may put
the stability of production systems at risk. Tools like Microsoft SQL Server Migration
Assistant (SSMA) can perform the assessment without putting the actual environment
into risk, as there is no need to run the tool on the production system, or on any system.
SSMA can be used offline, on an extract of the schema (including schema, table
definitions, and PL/SQL code), and assessment reports can be generated. SSMA can
also provide reports about the percentage of automation supported for migrating any
other database environment (including Oracle, Sybase, Access, DB2, and MySQL) to an
SQL environment, identifying the code which can be directly converted to equivalent
Transact-SQL code, and estimating the effort required to convert the remaining code
manually. It can provide a general estimate of man-days, man-months, or man-years of
effort for an entire platform migration. Based on this, a business case for migration can
be framed. A Migration Assessment involves the following key steps:

Database conversion assessment: Conduct a basic database assessment

(Oracle, DB2, Sybase, MySQL, and Access) to see what can be converted, how
much time it will take, what can be automated, and what will need manual effort.

Application assessment: Assess the applications to make sure that the

embedded code, dynamic code, connectivity, and other relevant factors residing
in the current environment can be migrated to or developed in the destination
environment with the same effect.

Third-party solution assessment: Assess how loosely coupled or tightly

integrated any third-party solutions are to the database.

Migration hardware requirements: The hardware compatibility of the

destination system needs to be assessed before performing the migration. The
destination system may be either on-premises (SQL Server) on a physical
machine or a virtualized environment (like Hyper-V), or it may be a cloud
infrastructure (IaaS) or cloud-based service (Azure). The readiness of the
hardware needs to be assessed to ensure that the physical environment is ready
for migration.

ROI calculations: Based on the above assessments, the upfront investment in

hardware, software, and other resources needs to be identified. Then, based on
the estimated savings with the migration, the break-even point for the investment
can be computed to justify the ROI.

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Once all of the assessment-related activities are complete and reports are obtained, a
business case can be prepared. This report allows the business decision makers to
understand the benefits and the risk components involved with the entire migration
process, and helps with the decision-making process regarding some critical applications.
It also helps to identify technical obstacles in the data migration process, which can alert
the system administrators to potential problems.
To help with the business case, Microsoft provides a risk assessment or risk map,
which provides a graphical representation of the assessment of the overall portfolio of the
organization (Figure 3). The risk assessment evaluates all databases, applications,
infrastructure, tests, replications, roll-outs, reports, ETL processes, and so on, and
categorizes them based on the probability and potential effect of the occurrence of risks.
This helps decision makers understand which applications have a higher probability of
risk, and which could have a greater effect due to that risk, and aids decisions about
which applications or databases should be migrated first.

Figure 3. Sample risk map

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An applications migration map (Figure 4) also provides business leaders, CIOs, and
managers an overall view of the complexity involved in the migration. This report is based
on simple graphs or PowerPivot charts, where the size of a bubble represents the effort
required. The applications migration map can be used to identify the applications with
which to start the migration, while considering the efforts involved and the potential risks.

Figure 4. Sample applications migration map

Database migration and application conversion: SSMA can also help organizations
automate the actual conversion process. It supports a direct conversion of schema and
data migration from source system to destination system. It also supports migration of
embedded SQL statements. In any database application, code may not exist solely inside
the databaseit may also be stored outside the database, as with a PowerBuilder
application having embedded PL/SQL code. There could be even a middle tier. All
embedded SQL statements needs to be considered for conversion, which SSMA does.
The key steps involved in the database migration and application conversion stage are:

Database migration: This includes the schema translation and the code
translation (of packages, stored procedures, functions, and the like).

Application conversion: The applications accessing the database may not

always need be converted. For example, a customer may have a PowerBuilder
application. Ideally, this application could be migrated via conversion to .NET, but
that approach might be very costly, and the customer may want to keep using the
same application instead of spending so much on its migration. That application
can be momentarily left alone, and kept running as-is. Thus, depending on the
requirements, decisions about handling various applications need to be made.

Data migration: Before starting the migration, any third-party solution, if

required, needs to be integrated. The actual process for migrating the data from
one system to the other will vary based on the situation. For example, migration
of a large database with 1620 TB of data may be very different from migrating a
100-GB system. One migration technique is an instant turnover, where the
current system is entirely shutdown while the data is migrated to the destination
system. Once migration is complete, the new system is turned on. However, this

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is not feasible with larger amounts of data (1015 TB) or if the application is
mission critical and cannot be turned off. An alternative approach could be a
staged migration, where a snapshot of the existing database system is taken and
migrated to the destination system while the current database still running. A
mechanism is developed to determine the changes that occur in the database
after the migration, and those changes are replicated in the destination database
until both systems are fully synchronized.

Testing: Data needs to be tested for validity after it has been migrated. To do
this, a quick comparison of the data (including number of records, format, and so
on) can be made between the source and the destination systems. SSMA can be
used to perform this testing.

Additional migration considerations: Aside from the above-mentioned factors, every database
system has some ETL and batch processes going on to enable the flow of data into and out of
the system. Also, there could be several additional system and database interfaces in the
environment, such as interfaces with high availability and failover (like ODBC or JDBC
connectivity). For example, there can be a situation where PowerBuilder could be calling the
Oracle or Sybase database using DBLib (a PHP library to create WWW interfaces to databases).
Types of libraries which do not exist now, or are not supported today, also need to be considered,
and strategies prepared for them.

Application deployment: Just like any software project, database migration requires proper
testing, performance tuning, going live, and similar post-production activities. When a database is
migrated, the front-end applications need to be connected with the new database. There are
several considerations when deploying applications.
o

Database connectivity: Connectivity to the database can vary, based on business

requirements or technical feasibility. There could be cases where database applications
may or may not be using the Active Directory integration for authentication, which must
be taken care of during migration or post-migration. Possible solutions could be to
migrate to Active Directory (AD), or some alternative option depending upon the specific
situation.

User login and permission: The authentication mechanism can be bound to the
database in several ways. For example, there could be a scenario where the user
connects to the application via Active Directory integration, then the application connects
to the database tier. In this case, the application may have the user ID embedded to
make an SQL call, or User ID may be passed as a parameter. Organizations may also
use various other authentication mechanisms in their environments, like Windows
groups, SQL Auth, Mixed Mode Auth, and Windows Auth, which need to be considered
during migration.

Performance tuning: Currently, almost all databases like Oracle, DB2, Sybase, and
SQL server possess roughly similar offerings, but the capabilities could be balanced
differently across different products or features. For this reason, some fine-tuning would
help to further improve the performance. When switching to SQL Server, there are
several ways in which users can assess and optimize performance:
The Microsoft SQL Server Distributed Replay feature helps users assess the
performance of the system by replaying the captured traces of any mission-critical
workload against any new SQL Server environment. This way, users can check for the
effect of running a workload in a given environment without having to actually deploy the
entire workload in that environment.

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SQL Server Extended Events allows users to record the event data (key execution
points) generated by the SQL server and use it for various purposes, including
application tracing (tools like SQL Trace and System Monitor) and logging (tools like
Windows Event Log or SQL Server Error Log).
Within the SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS), there is Query Execution Plan
feature, which graphically displays the data-retrieval methods used by the SQL Server
query optimizer. This helps users understand the performance characteristics of the
queries being executed.
There are several additional tools, like SQL Profiler, Index Tuning Wizard, and SQL
Query Analyzer, which can be used to optimize the indexes and thus the performance of
SQL Server.

Data migration using SQL Server Migration Assistant

SSMA overview
SSMA is a semi-automated tool which helps automate and manage the database migration process. It is
a family of products, with specific tools for migrating databases from DB2, Oracle, Sybase, Access, and
MySQL to SQL Server and Azure SQL Database. SSMA helps automate various aspects of database
migration, including migration assessment, schema and SQL Statement conversion, data migration, and
migration testing. This automation helps reduce the costs and risks involved in database migration, while
providing better management and control over the entire migration process.

SSMA migrationAutomation of all phases of database migration

SQL Server Migration Assistant helps automate the entire database migration process. Each component
of SSMA helps in a specific phase of database migration. The key components and their functions are
shown in Figure 5.

Figure 5. Key components of SSMA

Page 15

Migration Analyzer: SSMA Migration Analyzer performs an analysis of the source database
objects and provides estimates of the time and effort required to migrate all the database objects
to destination database (SQL Server or Azure SQL Database). It provides an estimate of the
percentage of the database code that can be converted automatically. For the remaining code
which it cannot migrate, it can provide an approximate estimate of the labor required to migrate
the code manually. To make its assessments, the Migration Analyzer computes approximately
100 specific statistics that comprehensively characterize the database. An assessment usually
takes less than a day to complete. The statistics provided by the Migration Analyzer can be saved
in an external file in Excel-compliant format to enable the user to work with this data offline, if
required.

Schema Converter and Data Migrator: This component is associated with a powerful IDE for
cross-platform database developers. It performs the actual database conversion. The Schema
Converter usually converts more than 90 percent of the SQL code automatically, and there are
instances where it has accomplished up to 99 percent of code conversion automatically. It
provides detailed reports about database objects that it cannot convert, along with the specific
constructs in the code that cause the problems.

Migration Tester: This component performs migration testing by providing automated validation
of the migration process. After all data migration steps are completed, SSMA Migration Tester
can be used to verify that converted objects work properly and that all data was transferred
properly. SSMA Tester can be used to test the following object types:
o

Tables

Stored procedures, including packaged procedures

User-defined functions, including packaged functions

Views

Standalone statements

SSMA and database migration considerations

SSMA helps with various aspects of data migration. SSMA Migration Analyzer performs a deep analysis
to obtain estimates of the time and effort required to migrate a database. The SQL Converter helps
automate code conversion from other databases to SQL Server.

Effort estimation: SSMA Migration Analyzer can perform a thorough analysis of the source
database (to be converted) to estimate the time and effort required to migrate the database. It can
also provide details about the percentage of the database that can be converted automatically,
and the estimated effort required to migrate the remaining database manually.

Schema conversion: SSMA can automate the conversion of data types, constraints, views,
indexes, sequences, table schema, and the like of any specific database to SQL Server data
types. SSMA raises appropriate flags for any code-bits which it is not able to convert. For
example, for conversion from Oracle scalar data types, it uses the following mappings:
o

varchar2 varchar

char char

number numeric

date datetime

long text

nvarchar2 nvarchar

boolean smallint

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Data migration: Once the schema is ready at the destination database, SSMA can help to
migrate the data as well. It migrates the data either one table at a time, or all tables at once.
During data migration, the user should ensure that there are no constraints or triggers associated
with a table which might prevent the records from being inserted.

Business logic: SSMA can also help convert additional business logics implemented in a
database, like triggers, constraints, outer joins, hints, stored procedures, functions, and
packages.

Azure SQL Database service migration

Extension pack moved to a schema: In addition to installing SSMA, you must also install
database-specific extension packs on the computer that is running SQL Server. Extension packs
identify specific code or functions in Oracle or any other language. They support data migration
and database-specific providers to enable server-to-server connectivity. The SSMA extension
pack adds the databases sysdb and ssmatesterdb to the specified instance of SQL Server. The
database sysdb contains the tables and stored procedures that are required to migrate data, and
the user-defined functions that emulate source database system functions (like Oracle). The
ssmatesterdb database contains the tables and procedures that are required by the Migration
Tester component.

The extension packs are now moved to a schema level (as opposed to separate database),
because Azure SQL Database cannot have multiple databases. For more details about using
extension packs, see https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh313165(v=sql.110).aspx.

Whats new in SSMA v6.0

SSMA version 6.0 provides many additional features, both at the functionality level and at the
performance level. One important addition is support for Azure SQL Database and improved Azure SQL
Database code conversion, which helps organizations attain their app modernization objectives much
faster. Support for memory-optimized tables and well known schemas markup also helps increase the
speed of conversion. The new version also includes support for larger schema migration, with additional
enhancements like 25 percent smaller assessment reports, display of object count, and incremental
schema load. The SSMA support functions are moved to the destination schema.
The SQL Server Migration Assistant product family includes the following products:

SSMA for Access: SSMA for Access simplifies the database migration process from Access to
SQL Server. It automates conversion of Microsoft Access database objects to SQL Server
database objects, loads the objects into SQL Server and Azure SQL Database, and then
migrates data from Microsoft Access to SQL Server and Azure SQL Database. SSMA for Access
v6.0 is designed to support migration from Microsoft Access 97 and higher to all editions of SQL
Server 2005, SQL Server 2008, SQL Server 2008 R2, SQL Server 2012, SQL Server 2014, and
Azure SQL Database. The Microsoft SQL Server Migration Assistant v6.0 tool for Access is
available for download here: http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=43690.

SSMA for MySQL: SSMA for MySQL simplifies the database migration process from MySQL to
SQL Server and Azure SQL Database. It automates all aspects of migration including migration
assessment analysis, schema and SQL statement conversion, data migration, and migration
testing. SSMA for MySQL v6.0 is designed to support migration from MySQL 4.1 and higher to all
editions of SQL Server 2005, SQL Server 2008, SQL Server 2008 R2, SQL Server 2012, SQL
Server 2014, and Azure SQL Database. The Microsoft SQL Server Migration Assistant v6.0 tool

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for MySQL is available for download here: http://www.microsoft.com/enus/download/details.aspx?id=43688

Separately, a detailed technical white paper on Microsoft SQL Server Migration Assistant v6.0 for
MySQL is available for download here:
http://download.microsoft.com/download/A/D/9/AD924E32-93E8-4141-B8BC01399102DAFB/Migrating-MySQL-to-SQL-Server-2014-and-Azure-SQL-DB.pdf.

SSMA for Oracle: SSMA for Oracle simplifies the database migration process from Oracle to
SQL Server and Azure SQL Database. SSMA automates all aspects of migration including
migration assessment analysis, schema and SQL statement conversion, data migration, and
migration testing. This product includes the GUI clientbased application to manage the migration
process as well as the SSMA extension pack to be installed on the destination SQL Server. The
SSMA extension pack includes functionalities to emulate Oracle features not natively supported
in SQL Server, a tester database to support SSMA Testing features, and an application to
facilitate direct server-to-server data migration. SSMA for Oracle v6.0 is designed to support
migration from Oracle 9.07.3 or later versions to all editions of SQL Server 2005, SQL Server
2008, SQL Server 2008 R2, and SQL Server 2012, SQL Server 2014, and Azure SQL Database.
The Microsoft SQL Server Migration Assistant v6.0 tool for Oracle is available for download here:
http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=43689
Separately, a detailed technical white paper on Microsoft SQL Server Migration Assistant v6.0 for
Oracle is available for download here: http://download.microsoft.com/download/F/C/A/FCA3758053F5-46DB-A981-E08018661F09/Migrating-Oracle-to-SQL-Server-2014-and-Azure-SQL-DB.pdf.

SSMA for Sybase: SSMA for Sybase simplifies the database migration process from Sybase
Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) to SQL Server and Azure SQL Database. SSMA automates all
aspects of migration including migration assessment analysis, schema and SQL statement
conversion, data migration, and migration testing. SSMA for Sybase v6.0 is designed to support
migration from Sybase ASE version 11.9 and higher to all editions of SQL Server 2005, SQL
Server 2008, SQL Server 2008 R2, SQL Server 2012, SQL Server 2014, and Azure SQL
Database. The Microsoft SQL Server Migration Assistant v6.0 tool for Sybase is available for
download here: http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=43691
Separately, a detailed technical white paper on Microsoft SQL Server Migration Assistant v6.0 for
Sybase is available for download here:
http://download.microsoft.com/download/E/5/2/E522B67E-FA7F-4149-9C313EAD725B3A1D/Migrating-Sybase-ASE-to-SQL-Server-2014-and-Azure-SQL-DB.pdf.

SSMA for DB2: SSMA for DB2 simplifies the database migration process from DB2 to SQL
Server and Azure SQL Database. SSMA automates all aspects of migration including migration
assessment analysis, schema and SQL statement conversion, and data migration. This product
includes a GUI clientbased application to manage the migration process. The GUI client will
install functionalities in SQL Server or Azure SQL Database to emulate DB2 features not natively
supported in SQL Server or Azure SQL Database. SSMA for DB2 v6.0 is designed to support
migration from DB2 on z/OS versions 9.0 and 10.0 and DB2 on Linux/Unix/Windows (LUW)
versions 9.8 and 10.1 to SQL Server 2012, SQL Server 2014, and Azure SQL Database. The
Microsoft SQL Server Migration Assistant v6.0 tool for DB2 is available for download here:
http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=45296.
Separately, a detailed technical white paper on Microsoft SQL Server Migration Assistant v6.0 for
DB2 is available for download here: <TBD>

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SSMA engineering and support

The SQL Server Resources provide important information about migration from other relational databases
to SQL Server. Use this site to download the latest versions of SSMA, find links to migration-related
discussion forums, and read the latest information shared by the SSMA team on their blogs. The SSMA
product team is available to answer your questions and provide limited technical support. Contact the
team at ssmahelp@microsoft.com.
In addition to the previously listed resources, you can ask a question in the SQL Server community or
request help from Microsoft support. The following table links to and describes these resources:
Resource

Description

SQL Server
Community

Newsgroups and forums that are monitored by the SQL Server community. This
site also lists community information sources, such as blogs and websites. The
SQL Server community can help answer questions, although there is no
guarantee of an answer.

SQL Server
Developer Center
Community

This site focuses on the newsgroups, forums, and other community resources
that are useful to SQL Server developers.

Microsoft Help and

Support

You can use this website to open a case with a Microsoft support professional.

SSMA MSDN Forum

This site focuses on the queries or discussions related to migrating to SQL

Server from other databases.

SSMA Blogs

SQL Server Migration Assistant blog is a community to discuss SQL Server

Migration using various SSMA tools.

Conclusion
Application and data platform modernization are considered to be among the top enterprise IT initiatives.
Organizations often seek to migrate toward a better and more competitive platform like SQL Server. This
can help them break the traditional barriers of legacy databases and deliver mission-critical performance
with faster insights and support for cloud-based platforms.
However, migration to a modern platform is usually considered a complex task and requires a welldefined methodology and approach to ensure a timely and efficient execution of the platform-transition
process. SQL Server Migration Assistant, a data migration tool from Microsoft, efficiently handles the
complexities involved in the migration process and helps to automate and manage database migration.
SSMA helps organizations migrate their applications and databases from other vendors (including
Access, DB2, MySQL, Oracle, and Sybase) to SQL Server in an efficient manner. It helps speed the
entire process by automating almost every aspect of database migration, including database assessment,
schema and application migration, data migration, and validation of the migrated database. This helps
reduce the time, cost, and risks associated with migrating to SQL Server. With SSMA, customers do not
have to remain tied to an expensive, sub-optimal database solution.

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Key resources

Platform modernization: https://www.platformmodernization.org/Pages/default.aspx

SSMA blog: http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ssma/

Free download of the latest SQL Server Migration Assistant:

SSMA for Access: http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=43690

SSMA for MySQL: http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=43688

SSMA for Oracle: http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=43689

SSMA for Sybase: http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=43691

SSMA for DB2: http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=45296

Free download of detailed technical white papers on SQL Server Migration Assistant:
o

SSMA for Oracle: http://download.microsoft.com/download/F/C/A/FCA37580-53F5-46DBA981-E08018661F09/Migrating-Oracle-to-SQL-Server-2014-and-Azure-SQL-DB.pdf

SSMA for Sybase ASE: http://download.microsoft.com/download/E/5/2/E522B67E-FA7F4149-9C31-3EAD725B3A1D/Migrating-Sybase-ASE-to-SQL-Server-2014-and-AzureSQL-DB.pdf

SSMA for MySQL: http://download.microsoft.com/download/A/D/9/AD924E32-93E84141-B8BC-01399102DAFB/Migrating-MySQL-to-SQL-Server-2014-and-Azure-SQLDB.pdf

SSMA for DB2: <TBD>

For more information:

http://www.microsoft.com/sqlserver/: SQL Server Web site
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/sqlserver/: SQL Server TechCenter
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/sqlserver/: SQL Server DevCenter

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