CDB 3033 Transport Phenomena: Ii. Diffusion Through A Stagnant Gas Film

CDB 3033
TRANSPORT PHENOMENA
Mass Transport
ii. Diffusion through a stagnant gas film
Course Outcomes
CLO1 Explain the theoretical aspect of momentum, mass
and energy transport
CLO2 Apply mathematical and numerical methodology in
analyzing momentum transfer problem
analyzing heat transfer problem
analyzing mass transfer problems
CLO5 Analyze and solve transport phenomena using
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tools.
Semester May 2013
Lesson outcomes
At the end of the lesson the students should be
able to:
Solve the problem of diffusion through a stagnant film.
Combined Mass Flux
Combined Mass Flux of species A in z-direction is given by :
n Az j Az A n Az nBz
n Az DAB
A
A n Az nBz
z
Molecular flux
Resulting from
concentration
gradient
Convective flux
Resulting from the bulk
motion of the fluid
Similarly for species B:
B
nBz DBA
B n Az nBz
z
Combined Molar Flux

Combined Molar Flux of species A in z-direction is given by :
N Az J Az xA N Az N Bz
N Az cDAB
x A
x A N Az N Bz
z
Molecular flux
Resulting from
concentration
gradient
Convective flux
Resulting from the bulk
motion of the fluid
Similarly for species B:
N Bz cDBA
xB
xB N Az N Bz
z
5
Shell Mass Balance

The law of conservation of mass of species A in a
binary system over the volume of shell at steady state
is given by
Rate of
Rate of
rate of production of A

0
mass of A in mass of A out by reaction
Boundary Conditions
Common Boundary Conditions:
1. Concentration can be specified at the boundary, i.e. xA=xA0
2. Molar flux can be specified at the boundary, i.e. NAz=NA0
3. If diffusion occurs in the solid, at the solid surface
substance A is lost to a surrounding stream according to
NA0=kc(cA0-cAb). kc-mass transfer coefficient

4. Rate of Chemical Reaction at the surface can be specified
NA0=k1CA0. (k1-1st order rate constant)
Diffusion through a stagnant gas

The tube shown in the figure contains liquid A. Gas B is flowing
across the mouth of the tube. Liquid A is evaporating in Gas B but
gas B is stagnant in the tube because it is insoluble in the liquid.
Determine the concentration distribution and molar flux of A.
Gas B
Gas A
evaporated
z2
z1
Liquid A
z=0
z-direction

Schematic Diagram
Assumptions
B is stagnant, i.e., NB=0
Boundary conditions
At z=z1 xA=x A1
At z=z2 xA=x A2

Mechanisms of Mass Transfer
Combined mass transfer
N Az J Az xA N Az N Bz
(1)
Since B is stagnant
N Az J Az x A N Az
N Az cDAB
dx A
x A N Az
dz
(2)
Rearranging (2)
N Az
cD AB dx A
1 x A dz
(3)
10

Shell Balance
Shell Balance Equation
Rate of
Rate of
rate of production

0
mass of A in mass of A out of A by reaction
S .N Az z S .N Az
z z
(4)
S = cross sectional area of the cylinder
11

Dividing both sides of (4) by SZ , ( note that S is constant in z- direction)
N Az z N Az
z z
(5)
Taking the shell as thin as possible:
dN Az
0
dz
(6)
N Az c1
(7)
Integrating (6)

Combining (7) and (3)
cDAB dx A
c1
1 x A dz
dx A
cDAB
c1dz
1 xA
(8)
1 x A2
c1 ( z 2 z1 )
cDAB ln
1 x A1
(9)
13

Rearranging (8) we get
1 x A2
cDAB
c1
ln
( z 2 z1 ) 1 x A1
(10)
Since c1= NAz from (7) , we get the molar flux equation to be
N Az
1 x A2
cDAB
ln
( z 2 z1 ) 1 x A1
(11)
NB:
Note that for gases it is common to give the partial and total
pressure together with temperature, rather than concentration.
In such cases (11) can be changed as follows
14

pA = partial pressure of A
pB = Partial pressure of B
P= total pressure
T= Temperature
P
c
RT
pA
xA
P
pB
xB
P
Using the above relations in (11) we get

N Az
P p A2
PDAB
ln
RT ( z 2 z1 ) P p A1
(12)

Composition distribution/ partial pressure distribution
Integrating (8) from z1 at composition xA1 to any z at composition xA
1 xA
c1 ( z z1 )
cDAB ln
1 x A1
(13)
Dividing (13) by (9) and rearranging
1 x A ( z z1 ) 1 x A 2

ln
ln
1 x A1 ( z 2 z1 ) 1 x A1
(14)
Simplifying (14) we get
1 x A 1 x A2
1 x A1 1 x A1
( z z1 ) /( z 2 z1 )
(15)
16

Steady state diffusion of A through stagnant B with the liquid vapor
interface maintained at a fixed point.
Gas-liquid
interface
17
Lesson outcome
You have learnt:
Solve the problem of diffusion through a stagnant film.
18

CDB 3033 Transport Phenomena: Ii. Diffusion Through A Stagnant Gas Film

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CDB 3033 Transport Phenomena: Ii. Diffusion Through A Stagnant Gas Film

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CDB 3033

Semester May 2013

Combined Mass Flux

Combined Mass Flux of species A in z-direction is given by :

Similarly for species B:

Combined Molar Flux

Similarly for species B:

Shell Mass Balance

NA0=kc(cA0-cAb). kc-mass transfer coefficient

Diffusion through a stagnant gas

Diffusion through a stagnant gas

Diffusion through a stagnant gas

Diffusion through a stagnant gas

S = cross sectional area of the cylinder

Diffusion through a stagnant gas

Taking the shell as thin as possible:

Diffusion through a stagnant gas

Diffusion through a stagnant gas

Diffusion through a stagnant gas

Using the above relations in (11) we get

Diffusion through a stagnant gas

Dividing (13) by (9) and rearranging

Simplifying (14) we get

Diffusion through a stagnant gas

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