Caesar Ii: Quick Reference Guide
Caesar Ii: Quick Reference Guide
Version 2017
(9.00.00)
July 2016
Copyright
Copyright 1985-2016 Intergraph CAS, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Intergraph is part of Hexagon.
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Portions of the user interface copyright 2012-2015 Telerik AD.
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Contents
What's New in CAESAR II ........................................................................................................................... 6
Overview ....................................................................................................................................................... 9
Software and Hardware Requirements ................................................................................................... 9
Seminars ............................................................................................................................................... 10
Additional Intergraph CAS Software ..................................................................................................... 10
Licensing .................................................................................................................................................... 12
ESL Installation ..................................................................................................................................... 13
Install a local lock ........................................................................................................................... 13
Install a network lock ...................................................................................................................... 13
SmartPlant License Manager Installation ............................................................................................. 16
Quick Installation Workflow ............................................................................................................ 18
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) ............................................................................................... 19
Using the SmartPlant License Checkout Utility ..................................................................................... 22
Install SmartPlant License Checkout Utility .......................................................................................... 22
License Checkout Utility Dialog Box ..................................................................................................... 23
Check Out a License ............................................................................................................................. 24
Installation .................................................................................................................................................. 25
Network Installations ...................................................................................................................... 26
Install CAESAR II .................................................................................................................................. 27
Install in Silent Mode ............................................................................................................................. 30
Troubleshoot Installation ....................................................................................................................... 33
Why do I get an error message saying CAESAR II cannot locate the configuration
file when I try to run CAESAR II? ................................................................................................... 33
Why does the CAESAR II Configuration Editor not open? Why does the
Configuration Editor not save and close?....................................................................................... 33
Technical Information ............................................................................................................................... 34
External Interfaces ................................................................................................................................ 34
Piping Codes ......................................................................................................................................... 35
Equipment Codes.................................................................................................................................. 36
Wind and Seismic Codes ...................................................................................................................... 37
Configuration Options ........................................................................................................................... 38
Computational Control .................................................................................................................... 38
Database Definitions ...................................................................................................................... 40
FRP Properties ............................................................................................................................... 41
Geometry Directives ....................................................................................................................... 41
Graphic Settings ............................................................................................................................. 42
Miscellaneous Options ................................................................................................................... 46
SIFs and STRESSES ..................................................................................................................... 47
Contents
List of Materials ..................................................................................................................................... 48
Restraints .............................................................................................................................................. 50
Intersection Types ................................................................................................................................. 51
Node Locations on Bends ..................................................................................................................... 52
Code Stresses ............................................................................................................................................ 54
Nomenclature ........................................................................................................................................ 54
US Code Stresses ................................................................................................................................ 56
International Code Stresses .................................................................................................................. 62
CAESAR II Verification and Validation Guide ....................................................................................... 72
Index ........................................................................................................................................................... 73
Technical Changes
Please be mindful of the following technical change for this release:
Disabled the Search tab in the Online Help due to an issue when your CAESAR II
installation uses OpenGL drivers. You can change the Graphics Settings >
Miscellaneous Options > Video Driver to Direct 3D in the CAESAR II Configuration
Editor. If you use Direct 3D drivers, you can download a copy of the Help with the Search
tab enabled from Smart Support.
Updated the software to the latest ASME B31.4 code standards, which included the ASME
B31.4 2009, B31.4 2012, and B31.4 2016 code.
The update included the following changes and improvements:
Updated materials applicable to the B31.4 code in the Material Database Editor.
Updated the Allowable Stress tab in the Piping Input module by including an
Allowable Stress Indicator option for B31.4 and B31.4 Ch XI and Design Factor and
Hoop Stress options for B31.3 Ch IX.
Deprecated the B31.11 piping code, which is now included in the B31.4 main code
standard.
Added the evaluation of the creep condition using EN-13480 Creep code standards.
The update included the following improvements:
Expanded the Material Database Editor to support EN-1380 Creep by adding material
properties for 200k hours, in addition to existing properties for 100k hours. Refer to the
Technical Discussion on evaluating creep conditions in the Users Guide for more
information.
Added a new Creep (CRP) stress type in the Static Analysis - Load Case Editor. The
software does not include the CRP stress type when it recommends load cases.
Updated the software to support the June 2015 edition of Canadian Z662 and Z662 Chapter
11, the Canadian code for oil and gas pipelines.
Enhanced the software to support the 5th Edition of API-560, February 2016, the equipment
code for fired heaters.
Added an option to select a new user-defined Custom type for nozzle flexibilities, in addition
to the existing Nozzle Flex types of WRC 297, API 650, and PD 5500. The Custom nozzle
type includes user-defined nozzle stiffness values for Axial (radial force), In-Plane Bending,
Out-of-Plane Bending, and Torsional (moment). Many improvements have also been
made to the Nozzles auxiliary panel layouts to improve usability.
Enhanced the existing right-click context menu options for restraints from within the graphics
view. The Restraint > Insert Restraint option lets you right-click an element to break and
insert restraints in one action, or you can or insert restraints at existing nodes. From the new
Insert Restraint dialog, you can also define restraint options, such as distance from nodes.
Improved the Break at Element dialog box (accessed by selecting Model > Break or rightclicking and selecting Element > Break Element). The software now automatically
populates the Insert Single Node option to the halfway-point node number and distance. If
there is not an available halfway-point node number, the software defaults the to the next
available node number.
The Displacements grid displays free and fixed designations to eliminate confusion. The
Fix DOFs option applies the fixed value of 0.0 to any undefined (free) degree of freedom.
Updated the Static Analysis - Load Case Editor by adding the ability to copy and paste
complete load cases.
Enhanced the editor to allow the selection of multiple load cases in List view and retain the
selection when you switch to Group Edit view.
Added a new Creep (CRP) stress type in the Static Analysis Load Case Editor.
3D Model/Graphics
Node numbers display in front of piping elements when you use Options > Node Numbers
and rotate graphics. Previously, the node numbers rotated with the elements and were
sometimes obscured by piping elements.
Symbols for LIM restraints (axial limit stops) display on the outside of the pipe and remain
visible when you use Options > Restraints
.
Displacements, rotations, forces, and moments display graphically as arrows (vectors) when
you select Options > Displacements
or Options > Forces
. You can also change
the default colors and arrow sizes in the Graphics Settings of the Configuration Editor or
by using Plot Properties .
User Interface
Added a news channel on the CAESAR II main window, where you can find out product
version information, upcoming events, product training opportunities, and future webinars.
Enhanced the Distance dialog box for better usability. When you choose Origin and
Selected Element as your Measure Method, the Distance dialog box retains the selected
Measure Method option for the duration of your use of the Distance dialog box.
Combined the individual flexible nozzle input export options into a single Flexible Nozzles
option on the Data Export Wizard to improve usability.
Documentation/Help
Updated Restraints in the Piping Input Reference section of the CAESAR II User's Guide.
Each restraint type includes a graphic example to assist identification.
Improved the Global Coordinates section of the CAESAR II User's Guide. The user's guide
now references local coordinates as a, b, c to reduce confusion between local and global
coordinates.
Updated the Hinged Joint section of the CAESAR II Application Guide. Updated the Hinged
Joint Model graphics to include all of the necessary components to model a hinged joint.
Added navigation information, such as the location on ribbons and menus, to command
topics to aid discovery when browsing the help.
Updated portions of the user documentation to the latest Intergraph PP&M standards for
formats, which included adding more white space and indentation for field property formats.
Converted the CAESAR II 2017 readme document to .pdf format to comply with the latest
Intergraph PP&M standards.
Updated the software to call the main CAESAR II Help file (C2ug.chm) when you press F1 in
Equipment and Auxiliary modules. Previously, these modules displayed in a text-based
help dialog box.
SECTION 1
Overview
The CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide helps you quickly identify needed information, answer
common questions, and resolve common problems. You can copy it as needed.
CAESAR II is an advanced tool for designing and analyzing piping systems using input forms,
on-line help, graphics, and extensive error detection.
CAESAR II statically and dynamically analyzes large piping models, structural steel models, or
combined models. ASME, B31, WRC, and rotating equipment reports are created to provide a
complete description of piping system behavior under applied loading conditions. Additional
capabilities, such as out-of-core solvers, force spectrum analysis (for water hammer and relief
valve solutions), time history, and large rotation rod hangers provide you with the most
advanced computer-based piping program available today.
CAESAR II is continuously enhanced to add new functionality and to modify existing procedures
as piping codes are updated. For more information on the most recent changes to CAESAR II,
see What's New in CAESAR II (on page 6).
In This Section
Software and Hardware Requirements ......................................... 9
Seminars ........................................................................................ 10
Additional Intergraph CAS Software .............................................. 10
Windows Server versions are only supported for the installation of network licensing
systems (NetHASP License Manager).
Beginning with Windows 10, Microsoft enforces the Internet Host Table
Specification RFC 952 which mandates that component hostname labels can contain only
alphanumeric characters. Host names using underscores ('_') are not allowed. Refer to
Microsoft KB 101785.
Overview
Processor
Memory
Display
Video card support for OpenGL 1.1 or later and DirectX 9.0 or later
Video card drivers updated with the latest manufacturer's drivers (Motherboard-intergrated
video cards not recommended for desktop systems.)
Software
Seminars
Intergraph CAS periodically offers seminars to augment your knowledge of CAESAR II and of
pipe stress analysis. The general seminar is held in our Houston office and covers five days of
statics. Twice a year, we also cover five days of statics and three days of dynamics. These
seminars emphasize the piping codes, static analysis, dynamic analysis, and problem solving.
Custom seminars held at client locations are also available. For additional seminar details,
please contact the support staff at: seminars.icas@intergraph.com.
10
Overview
TANK is software for the design or rerating of API-620/650/653 storage tanks. The program
includes API 650 Appendices A, E, F, M, P, R, S, and V, and API 653 Appendix B. Calculations
address winds girders, conical roof design, allowed fluid heights, and remaining corrosion
allowance.
For the latest support information for this product:
Technical Support
Email:
ppmcrm@intergraph.com
(mailto:ppmcrm@intergraph.com?subject=I
CAS Support Request)
ICAS Dealer
Support:
http://www.coade.com/Support/Dealers.sht
ml
http://www.coade.com/Support/Dealers.sht
ml
Phone:
1-800-766-7701
Fax:
281-890-3301
Web Sites:
http://www.coade.com
(http://www.coade.com)
http://www.intergraph.com/ppm/analysis.as
px
(http://www.intergraph.com/ppm/analysis.a
spx)
Address:
Intergraph CAS
7840 N. Sam Houston Pkwy. W.
Suite 100
Houston, TX 77064
Sales Email:
sales.icas@intergraph.com
Knowledge-Based
Articles/Tutorials
(US & Canada
only):
https://smartsupport.intergraph.com
Also, you can submit any documentation comments or suggestions you might have on the
Intergraph support site.
11
SECTION 2
Licensing
CAESAR II supports the following types of licensing:
License Manager
Software-based licensing using SmartPlant License Manager (SPLM). For more
information, see SmartPlant License Manager Installation (on page 16). Refer to the
SmartPlant License Manager documentation for complete installation and configuration
instructions.
Local ESLs provide the maximum flexibility in using the software in that they can be moved
between computers (for example, between desktops and laptops).
Network ESLs must be attached to a computer on the network, either a computer or the
server. In order for the network to respond to software requests for the ESL, the NetHASP
License Manager utility must also be running on the computer where the network ESL is
attached.
The HASP drivers for ESL usage can be found in the sub-directory, ASSIDRV, beneath the
analysis products program directory. However, for CADWorx the HASP drivers for ESL usage
can be found in the sub-directory, Utilities. The documentation files in this sub-directory contain
instructions for a variety of networks and operating systems. Note that there are periodic
updates to these ESL drivers and they can be downloaded from the Intergraph Smart Support
(https://smartsupport.intergraph.com) website.
Do not connect two locks to the same computer. The software finds the first lock and
returns its code. For example, you have a lock for CAESAR II and CADWorx and plug both into
the same computer. You start CAESAR II, but the software might find the CADWorx lock first
12
Licensing
and return an error. If the same computer is going to run more than one Intergraph CAS, Inc.
product, then contact Intergraph CAS by sending an email to
icaslicenserequests@intergraph.com to request that both products be licensed from the same
lock.
ESL Installation
The following topics explain how to install the different hardware locks supported by CAESAR II.
The red network ESL should be set up by a Network Administrator or someone familiar with
Windows-based networks. If you are not familiar with concepts such as network protocols,
broadcast, IP addresses, TCP, UDP, and Windows Services, please do not attempt to setup
the red network ESL.
The red network ESL does not have to be attached to the network server. We recommend
attaching the red network ESL to a computer that is always up and running, can be
re-booted without impact to users, and is not the primary computer for any user on the
network.
If you install an Intergraph CAS product on a network drive for multiple users to access,
assign read/write privileges for all users to the [Product Folder]\System folder. Intergraph
CAS applications write temporary files to the [Product Folder]\System folder that pertains to
the installation. The [Product Folder]\System folder also needs to have read/write privileges
for all users.
13
Licensing
If you are using other network protocols, such as NetBIOS or IPX, check the SafeNet web
site for instructions. The only protocol tested with Intergraph CAS products is TCP/IP.
The information provided in the analysis products Help file is a supplement to the NetHasp
User's Guide, which is delivered as a PDF(_NETHASP.pdf) in Assidrv folder. CADWorx
delivers this _NETHASP.pdf in the Utilities folder. Review the PDF file for any issues not
addressed in the Help file.
Depending on the number of licenses allowed by the network ESL, some users may receive
error messages when attempting to access the software. For example, if the ESL has been
configured to allow four simultaneous users, an error message stating that no licenses are
available when the fifth user attempts to access the software. Consequently, the fifth user is
not able to access the software until one of the first four users exits the software and
releases a license.
Because of the communication procedures between the client computer and the file server,
memory access to the network ESL is much slower than to a local ESL. This access time
delay only occurs when the software is first started after installation.
Because there is no network specific version of the software, the software looks first for a
local ESL, and then for a network ESL. This allows both a network ESL and several local
ESLs to be used on the same system. This transparent ESL access procedure allows a
single version of the software to be used on the network and on remote computers.
14
Licensing
Server is listening to IPX : Loaded
Server is listening to TCP/IP : Loaded
Server is listening to NetBIOS : Loaded
Loaded means that this protocol is active on the computer.
5. Open the Activity Log menu. This displays the activity log that confirms which protocols are
loaded. Do not be alarmed if the activity log reports that the NHSRV.ini file is not found.
6. Use the box in the top-left corner of the activity log to display only the information specific to
each protocol. Open the activity log for the protocol you want to use, and verify that it
contains no error messages.
7. For TCP/IP protocol, the activity log should report something similar to the following:
Server IP address: 111.111.111.111
Server Host Name: PDC_NT01
8. To speed up response time to the network key, use the Remove menu to unload any
protocols that you are not planning to use with the NetHasp License Manager.
NH_USE_BROADCAST = Disabled
You may also have to modify other entries in the [NH_TCPIP] section depending
on your network setup. The most common entry to modify is NH_TCPIP_METHOD.
2. Copy the NetHASP.ini file to the AutoCAD folder.
Example: C:\Program Files\AutoCAD
Example: C:\Program Files\Autodesk\AutoCAD
3. For CADWorx Design Review, copy the NetHASP.ini file to the [Product Folder]\Intergraph
CAS\CADWorx Design Review folder.
4. Start CAESAR II.
15
Licensing
Hardware Configurations
The SmartPlant License Manager licensing computer software should be installed on a stable,
single node, hardware configuration (such as a simple PC), with a static IP address, because
license key installation and license seat usage authentication depends on the information
gathered from the physical hardware. Any automated changes that cause the hardware
information not to match with the information used to generate the license key will result in a
failure of the authentication process.
Virtual (including VMware), shadowed, mirrored, dynamic, or distributed hardware
configurations cannot be used as a SmartPlant License Manager licensing computer. This
includes terminal (application) servers, networked and distributed storage management
systems, and so forth. When these specialized systems occur in the user's network, the
SmartPlant License Manager Server licensing computer should be installed on a separate
dedicated hardware configuration system. The SmartPlant License Manager licensing computer
should be situated on the user's network where it can be accessed by all systems that are
running application software that relies on the SmartPlant License Manager licensing computer
for license management.
Multiple SmartPlant License Manager licensing computers can be used in the user's network as
long as each system is a unique hardware system/installation. If SmartPlant License Manager
licensing computers are cloned after the license key has been installed, then the license
management will fail on the cloned system. Each SmartPlant License Manager licensing
computer requires its own unique license key.
16
Licensing
RAID (redundant array of independent disks) and SAN (storage area networks) are not
supported on a SmartPlant License Manager license computer.
The license computer must have the same version (or later) of SmartPlant License Manager
installed as any client computers. In other words, you cannot use a newer version on a client
computer to retrieve a license from an older version of SmartPlant License Manager on the
licensing computer. The license computer must have the same version (or a newer version)
installed than the clients.
You must log in as Administrator to install this software.
1. Insert the Intergraph SmartPlant License Manager media. If the media does not start
automatically, double-click Setup.exe in the root folder of the media.
During SmartPlant License Manager installation automatically turns on a
product usage log file in C:\Win32App\Ingr\SPLM\bin\loggingfileV12.txt. You
can change this location and name of this file as it can grow to be a large file. If you stop
and restart logging, you need to define the output location.
This file can grow very large and users can redefine the location and name of this file.
2. Select SmartPlant License Manager Installation.
3. Click Next on the Welcome to the InstallShield Wizard for SmartPlant License Manager
page.
4. Enter your name and company name in the User Name and Company Name fields on the
Customer Information page. Click Next.
5. On the Software License Agreement page, select your country from the list and click
Display to view the license agreement.
The license agreement is delivered as a PDF file.
6. Carefully read the license agreement. Close the PDF document, and click Yes on the
License Agreement page to accept the terms.
7. Select either License Client or License Machine.
8. On the Choose Destination Location page, click Next to install SmartPlant License
Manager in the default location. If you want to install the software in another location, click
Change and select the new location.
It is recommended that you install SmartPlant License Manager using a path that
contains no spaces, such as c:\win32app\Ingr (the default path).
9. Click Install on the Ready to Install the Program page. A status bar displays the progress
of the installation on the Status Setup page.
10. Click Finish on the InstallShield Wizard Complete page to complete installation of
SmartPlant License Manager.
Do not delete any files that are created during installation or as a result of using
SmartPlant License Manager. Removal of any files causes the license system to fail and
can require install, repair, or possibly removal and re-install of SmartPlant License Manager.
11. Add pdlice.exe to both the license computer and the client computer after installing of
SPLM. You may need to remove pdlice.exe and re-add it if you uninstall and reinstall
SPLM to upgrade SPLM from previous version to a current version. Otherwise, you may
17
Licensing
receive a Connection timed out error message when you start your application. You may
also see the same error in your scavenging log file.
Silent Mode and SmartPlant License Manager Installation
18
Licensing
See Also
General Topics FAQ (on page 20)
See Also
Purchasing Licenses FAQ (on page 19)
General Topics FAQ (on page 20)
PDS, FrameWorks Plus, and ISOGEN FAQ
See Also
General Topics FAQ (on page 20)
19
Licensing
2012 (v12)
2010 (v11)
2008 (v10)
20
Licensing
I am running out of licenses earlier than I believe I should be. How can I troubleshoot to
understand what is happening?
Have your users click Scavenge for Keys on the Scavenge Options dialog box or you can
type pdlice -n in a Command Prompt window.
If you think that client nodes are improperly holding onto licenses, examine the results of the
pdlice -M command. This shows you which client nodes have licenses checked out. If a
client computer has no plant design-related activity and it is still holding licenses, rebooting
that client and then scavenging from the license computer may free some licenses.
If possible, find out what was processing when the job stopped. This information can help
you and/or Intergraph determine the underlying cause of the termination. Save the output of
any scavenging process that returns a license. This information provides the reasons why
the license was returned. The output of the scavenger includes the following information:
nodename, product tag, batch mode (Yes/No), process ID, and checkout time.
What do I type to see the number of licenses?
Click Show Key Status from the Display Options dialog box to show the status of your
keys.
How can I tell who is using a license?
Click Display Status of Reserved License on the Display Options dialog box or in the
license log file.
We installed a key for three licenses, but we can operate only two licenses at the same
time. Why?
There can be several reasons.
Click Display Status of Reserved License on the Display Options dialog box to
determine the number of licenses that your key contains.
Click Scavenge for Keys on the Scavenge Options dialog box to scavenge for the third
license that you are unable to use.
Verify that clients and servers can telnet to each other. Look for anomalies such as two
nodes on the network with the same name or the reuse of an old name for a new computer,
but with some traces of the old computer still existing in files on the network.
When an application is on a computer that is disconnected from the network without
exiting the product, how long is the license held?
16 hours.
How long would a daily license last?
Daily license expires after 12 hours.
See Also
Purchasing Licenses FAQ (on page 19)
21
SECTION 3
You must install and configure SmartPlant License Manager before checking out a license.
You must have administrator privileges to setup and install the utility.
22
Product - Displays the installed products available for license checkout. Select the product for
which you want to check out licenses.
Modules - Displays the modules available with your product. A grayed-out entry means that
module is not installed on your workstation. If no modules appear in the list, either your product
contains no supported modules, or no modules have been installed. Check the box beside the
module for which you want to check out a license. If you want to check out only the base
product, do not check any of the modules.
Duration - Specify the number of days that you want to check out a license. Remember that
after licenses are checked out, they cannot be checked in before the license period expires.
When the checkout period for the license expires, the product returns to normal, connected
licensing using SmartPlant License Manager the next time you start the product.
23
When running in remote license mode, you cannot use setup to modify the product
installation until the following conditions are met:
The system is working with SmartPlant License Manager in connected license mode
once again.
In other words, you cannot install or remove modules while running in remote license mode.
If CAESAR II is running in remote license mode but is unable to confirm for any reason that
it is running in that mode, CAESAR II automatically returns to connected license mode and
attempts to obtain the licenses from SmartPlant License Manager. CAESAR II notifies you if
it is unable to obtain licenses from SmartPlant License Manager.
24
SECTION 4
Installation
Prior to installing CAESAR II, verify that your computer meets the required hardware and
software requirements. For more information, see Software and Hardware Requirements (on
page 9).
The CAESAR II installation DVD contains the following options:
Install CAESAR II
Launches the main installation process, which installs CAESAR II, the HASP drivers, and all
associated documentation.
CAESAR II Information
Opens the CAESAR II Product Details page on the Intergraph CAS web site.
Release Notes
Opens a PDF file detailing the recent changes made to this new version of CAESAR II.
ReadMe File
Opens a text file discussing the installation steps, the system requirements, and the DVD
contents.
License Agreement
Opens an RTF file containing the CAESAR II License Agreement.
Installation Instructions
Opens the CAESAR II Quick Reference Guide, a PDF file containing these instructions. This
guide can be opened directly from the DVD without installing the software.
HASP Network Licensing Overview
Opens a DOC file containing a summary of the Aladdin (SafeNet) HASP Licensing System.
HASP Trouble Shooting
Opens a DOC file containing troubleshooting procedures for issues with HASP licensing.
Content
In addition, the DVD contains the following items:
Additional Installs
Displays options for installing HASP drivers and the Autodesk TrueView application.
Browse the DVD
Displays the DVD contents in Windows Explorer.
Additional Products
Displays additional Intergraph CAS products.
25
Installation
Contact Intergraph
Displays contact information for Intergraph CAS Support.
Services
Training
Opens the CAESAR II Course Details page on the Intergraph CAS web site.
Support Forum
Opens the CAESAR II Discussion Forum on the Intergraph CAS web site.
Network Installations
The installation program treats a network drive no different than a local hard drive. Specify the
target installation drive and folder, and the software will be copied and expanded accordingly.
Some networks protect installation directories from subsequent modification by users. This
involves setting the access rights to the installation folder to read, share, and scan. Because
Intergraph CAS, Inc. software uses data files specific to the installation (that is, accounting files,
material files, and so forth) that a user may need to modify, these files cannot be installed in a
typical write-protected installation folder.
Therefore, CAESAR II installs these data files in a System subfolder, located in the following
location of your root directory based on your platform.
Windows 7/Vista
\Program Data\Intergraph CAS\CAESAR II\Version Number\System
Windows XP
\Documents and Settings\All Users\Application Data\Intergraph CAS\CAESAR II\Version
Number\System
While the actual name of the program's installation folder can revised when you install the
software, the CAESAR II SYSTEM subfolder name is fixed as it is automatically created by
CAESAR II. If you rename the CAESAR II SYSTEM subfolder, CAESAR II fails run and
generates an error report.
Do not confuse this CAESAR II SYSTEM subfolder is not the primary, top-level SYSTEM
directory that contains the network operating system. Consult your system administrator for
further clarification.
After the software has been installed on the network drive, the installation program launches the
CAESAR II Configuration Editor, which generates a default configuration file.
In This Section
Install CAESAR II ........................................................................... 27
Install in Silent Mode ...................................................................... 30
Troubleshoot Installation ................................................................ 33
26
Installation
Install CAESAR II
Close all other software before running the CAESAR II installer. Most unsuccessful
installations are caused by other software running at the same time as the installer.
If you plan to run CAESAR II on the Windows 8 platform, you must enable .NET Framework
3.5.1 from your Control Panel prior to installing CAESAR II.
1. Insert the Intergraph CAESAR II DVD. If the DVD does not start automatically, double-click
CD_Main.html in the root folder of the DVD.
The Intergraph CAS CAESAR II setup page opens in your default internet browser.
27
Installation
The Setup Type dialog box displays.
8. Select the appropriate setup type, and click Next. In most cases, you want to select
Complete.
9. On the Destination Folder page, review the default folder path. If needed, click Change
and select the folder location. Click Next.
10. On the Select Language page, click the needed language, and then click Next.
28
Installation
11. On the Select License Type page, select the needed license type: network ESL, local ESL,
or SPLM license. For more information, see Licensing (on page 12).
12. On the Ready to Install the Application page, click\- Install to begin installing the client
software.
29
Installation
As the installation progresses, the status displays in a series of progress bars. The
CAESAR II Configuration Editor dialog box then displays.
13. Review the configuration options and make any needed changes.
14. Click Save and Exit
the installation.
30
Installation
Use the following command-line arguments and parameters with Windows Installer
(msiexec.exe) and the CAESAR II setup (setup.exe) to perform a silent installation of the
product.
1. Click Start > All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt.
The Command Prompt window opens.
2. Type the drive letter where the CAESAR II DVD is located. For example, type:
E:
3. Change the path to the CAESAR II folder where Setup.exe is located on the DVD. For
example, type:
cd CAESARII_2017
4. Type the installation command:
For silent installation with English language and green ESL color, type:
Setup.exe /s /v"/qn INSTALL_SILENT="Yes" ESL_COLOR="Green"
SERIALNUMBER="<serial number>""
For silent installation with Red ESL color and ESL installed locally, type:
Setup.exe /s /v"/qn INSTALL_SILENT="Yes" ESL_COLOR="Red"
ESL_ON_MACHINE="Yes" SERIALNUMBER="<serial number>""
Arguments
/s
Hide initialization dialog for a silent install
/v
Pass MSI commands
/qn
Perform silent installation with no user interface
/qb
Perform silent installation with interface notifications (however, no user interaction is
required)
31
Installation
SERIALNUMBER
Specifies the product serial number provided to you by Intergraph CAS.
ESL_COLOR
Sets the ESL license type.
ESL_ON_MACHINE
Identifies the ESL location.
Only use this parameter when the ESL_COLOR is Red.
INSTALLDIR
Sets the path from which to load the installation files.
For a complete list of command-line arguments for msiexec.exe, type the following in a
Command Prompt window: msiexec.exe /?
For a complete list of command-line arguments for the CAESAR II setup.exe, type the
following in a Command Prompt window: setup.exe /?
You must type this command from the drive and path in which the program setup.exe is
located.
32
Installation
Troubleshoot Installation
The following section details quick resolutions to CAESAR II installation issues.
33
SECTION 5
Technical Information
The following technical information and standards are delivered in CAESAR II.
In This Section
External Interfaces ......................................................................... 34
Piping Codes ................................................................................. 35
Equipment Codes .......................................................................... 36
Wind and Seismic Codes............................................................... 37
Configuration Options .................................................................... 38
List of Materials .............................................................................. 48
Restraints ....................................................................................... 50
Intersection Types ......................................................................... 51
Node Locations on Bends.............................................................. 52
External Interfaces
Tools > External Interfaces transfers data between CAESAR II and other software packages.
The following interfaces are available:
CAESAR II Data Interfaces
Notes
Bi-directional
CAD Interfaces
Notes
Bi-directional
CADPIPE
Intergraph PDS
PCF
34
Technical Information
Analysis Interfaces
Notes
LIQT
AFT Impulse
PipeNet
PipePlus
Flowmaster
For more information, see "External Interfaces" in the CAESAR II User's Guide.
Piping Codes
CAESAR II supports the following piping codes.
Code Edition
Issuance Date
ASME B31.1-2016
ASME B31.3-2014
ASME B31.5-2016
ASME B31.9-2014
2007 ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code, Section III (Class 2 &
July 1, 2009
3)
U.S. Navy, Section 505
1984
June 2015
September 1993
Stockholm 1979
ASME B31.1-1967
1967
Stoomwezen
1989
2007
35
Technical Information
Code Edition
Issuance Date
CODETI
June 2004
1999
FDBR
July 1995
BS 7159:1989
October 1989
UKOOA
1994
IGE/TD/12
2003
July 1996
BS EN 13480-1:2012
GPTC Z380.1-2009
January 2009
July 31,2004
ISO 14692-3:2002/COR1:2005
October 6,2005
JPI
2005
Equipment Codes
CAESAR II supports the following equipment codes.
Code Edition
Description
Issuance Date
AISC
1989
February 2016
September 2010
September 2014
36
Technical Information
API 661, 7th Edition
August 2013
ASME B31G
October 2012
2009
NEMA SM 23
1991
September 2012
February 2002,
April 2011
WRC 297
September 1987
Description
Issuance Date
ASCE 7-10,
2nd Edition
2010
IBC 2012
June 2011
NBC 2010
November 2010
EN
1991-1-4:2005
+A1:2010
April 2010
Mexico
1993
GB 50009-2012
October 2012
NBR 6123
June 1988
37
Technical Information
IS 875(Part 3),
2nd Revision
As/Nzs
1170.0:2002
June 2002
BS 6399-2:1997
July 1997
UBC 1997
February 1997
Description
Issuance Date
ASCE 7-10
2010
IBC
2012
NBC
2010(static)
CFE Sismo
2008
UBC
1997
B31.1 App II
2001
Configuration Options
Configure or Tools > Configure/Setup opens the Configuration Editor dialog box where
you set options in CAESAR II that control how the software performs analysis. The software
saves these options in the CAESAR.CFG file.
Computational Control
Convergence Tolerances
Value
Internal Index #
1.00e+10
50
15.000
48
0.150
47
1.000
46
38
Technical Information
Friction Stiffness
1.00e+6
45
Rod Increment
2.000
58
Rod Tolerance
1.000
59
Values
Internal Index #
Alpha Tolerance
0.050
33
Coefficient of Friction
0.000
140
1.00e+12
99
1.00e+12
98
1.00e+12
49
12.500
107
70
135
None
136
Miscellaneous
Value
Internal Index #
True
51
False
100
False
147
False
141
False
60
Extracted
101
Default
65
Last Value
120
WRC-107 Version
39
Technical Information
Database Definitions
Databases
Value
Internal Index #
<none>
123
Anvil
112
Expansion Joints
FLEXPATH.JH 91
D
LOAD.TPL
142
ANSI
88
Structural Database
AISC89
70
ENGLISH.FIL
124
UMAT1.UMD
150
Specs in CII,
Data in CW
149
CADWORX.VH 90
D
ODBC Settings
Value
Internal Index #
False
126
False
125
<none>
127
40
Technical Information
FRP Properties
Material Properties
Value
Internal Index #
3200000.000
113
0.1527
115
FRP Alpha
12.0000
117
FRP Density
0.0600
118
116
CAESAR.FRP
122
0.2500
114
Settings
Value
Internal Index #
Design_Strain
121
False
134
True
111
True
110
Geometry Directives
Bends
Values
Internal Index #
1.000
38
95.000
37
5.000
36
5.000
39
41
Technical Information
Input Items
Value
Internal Index #
10
109
True
34
0.0001
92
1.0000 in.
42
False
129
Graphic Settings
The following are examples of the graphic color settings:
Advanced Options
Backplane Culling
False
True
Background Colors
Bottom
Top
False
CADWorx Options
Color - Ambient
Color - Face
Color - Line
Color - Specular
42
Technical Information
Color - Transmission
Gloss Value
Show Lines
False
Show Model
True
False
False
Component Colors
Anchor CNode
Anchors
Red (255, 0, 0)
Expansion Joints
Flange
Hanger CNode
Hangers
Red (255, 0, 0)
Nozzles
Pipes
Restraint CNode
Restraints
Rigids
Selection
SIFs/Tees
Steel
43
Technical Information
Marker Options
Marker Color
Red (255, 0, 0)
Marker Size
25
Miscellaneous Options
Default Operator
Zoom to Window
Orthographic
Phong Shaded
Default View
SE Isometric
False
True
50
10
True
True
True
True
True
True
True
Video Driver
OpenGL
44
Technical Information
Output Colors
Actual Stress Settings
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Level 5
Maroon (255, 0, 0)
Level 6
Red (255, 0, 0)
Displaced Shape
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Level 5
Maroon (255, 0, 0)
Level 6
Red (255, 0, 0)
Text Options
Annotation Text
Arial;18;(255, 0, 0)
Color
Red (255, 0, 0)
Font
Arial, 18 pt.
Legend Text
Arial;12;(255, 0, 0)
Color
Red (255, 0, 0)
Font
Arial, 12 pt.
Node Text
Arial;28;(255, 0, 0)
45
Technical Information
Color
Red (255, 0, 0)
Font
Arial, 28 pt.
Output Text
Arial;12; (128, 0, 0)
Color
Maroon (128, 0, 0)
Font
Arial, 12 pt.
False
True
Visual Options
Always Use System Colors
True
True
Axis Mode
On
Shadow Mode
None
True
Smooth Transitions
False
False
Visibility
50
Miscellaneous Options
The following are examples of miscellaneous settings:
Input Items
Value
Internal Index #
False
128
Max
94
46
Technical Information
Output Items
Value
Internal Index #
True
89
True
87
True
105
True
104
Value
Internal Index #
12
User ID
<none>
Value
Internal Index #
False
55
Use Schneider
False
63
False
62
Code-Specific Settings
Value
Internal Index #
True
54
False
139
True
144
False
133
True
148
False
53
47
Technical Information
Occasional Load Factor
0.000
41
Default
143
Reduced Intersection
General Settings
Value
Internal Index #
Default
67
Default
66
False
35
False
52
ID
57
B31.3
43
True
137
Use PD/4t
False
64
Max3DShear
108
Legacy Settings
Value
Internal Index #
True
145
Default
146
0.000
40
List of Materials
The CAESAR II Material Table contains the following isotropic materials:
Material No.
1
Material Name
Pipe
Elastic
Poisson's Density
Modulus Ratio
lb./cu.in
Temp. Range
F
29.5 E6
-325 to 1400
0.292
0.28993
48
Technical Information
Material Name
Pipe
Elastic
Poisson's Density
Modulus Ratio
lb./cu.in
Temp. Range
F
29.3 E6
0.289
0.28009
-325 to 1400
29.2 E6
0.289
0.28935
-325 to 1400
0.289
0.28935
-325 to 1400
0.289
0.28935
-325 to 1400
Austenitic Stainless
28.3 E6
0.292
0.28930
-325 to 1400
Straight Chromium
29.2 E6
0.305
0.28010
-325 to 1400
28.3 E6
0.305
0.28990
-325 to 1400
Wrought Iron
29.5 E6
0.300
0.28070
-325 to 1400
10
13.4 E6
0.211
0.25580
70 to 1000
11
26.0 E6
0.315
0.31870
-325 to 1400
12
K-Monel
26.0 E6
0.315
0.30610
-325 to 1400
13
Copper Nickel
22.0 E6
0.330
0.33850
-325 to 1400
14
Aluminum
10.2 E6
0.330
0.10130
-325 to 600
15
Copper 99.8% Cu
16.0 E6
0.355
0.32270
70 to 400
16
Commercial Brass
17.0 E6
0.331
0.30610
-325 to 1200
17
14.0 E6
0.330
0.31890
-325 to 1200
18
19
20
Material No.
User-defined properties
100 and
above
From the Material Database and include the allowable stress and other piping
code data.
49
Technical Information
Restraints
CAESAR II stores information on the following restraints:
Restraint Type
Abbreviation
Anchor
X,Y, or Z
RX, RY, or RZ
GUI
LIM
Rotational Directional
+LIM, -LIM
X2, Y2, Z2
Directional Snubber
50
Technical Information
Intersection Types
CAESAR II uses the following intersection types:
Type
1 Reinforced
B31.3 Type
Not a fitting
Modified pipe
Routine intersection
Not a fitting
Modified pipe
Usually size-on-size
Governed by B16.9
Usually expensive
Welded-in
Contour Insert
"Sit-in" fitting
Forged fittings on a
pipe
Branch Welded
on Fitting
"Sit-on" fitting
Forged fittings on a
pipe
Extruded
Welding Tee
Seldom used
Extruded from
straight pipe
Reinforced
Fabricated Tee
2 Unreinforced Unreinforced
Fabricated Tee
4 Sweepolet
5 Weldolet
6 Extruded
Notes
Sketch
51
Technical Information
The element leaving a bend must appear immediately after the element defining (entering)
the bend.
The default bend radius is 1.5 times the pipe nominal OD.
For stress and displacement output, the TO node of the element entering the bend is
located geometrically at the FAR point on the bend. The FAR point is at the weld line of the
bend and adjacent to the straight element leaving the bend.
The NEAR point on the bend is at the weld line of the bend and adjacent to the straight
element entering the bend.
The FROM point on the element is located at the NEAR point of the bend if the total length
of the element as specified in the DX, DY and DZ fields is equal to:
Radius tan( Beta / 2 )
where Beta is the bend angle and Radius is the bend radius of curvature to the bend
centerline.
Nodes defined in the Angle # and Node # fields are placed at the given angle on the bend
curvature. The angle starts with zero degrees at the NEAR point on the bend and goes to
Beta degrees at the FAR point of the bend.
When the FROM node on the element entering the bend is not at the bend NEAR point, a
node may be placed at the NEAR point of the bend by entering an Angle # equal to 0.0
degrees. For more information, see the graphic below.
52
Technical Information
When defining a bend element for the first time in the pipe spreadsheet, nodes are
automatically placed at the near and midpoint of the bend. The generated midpoint node
number is one less than the TO node number on the element, and the generated near point
node number is two less than the TO node number on the element. A near point should
always be included in the model in tight, highly formed piping systems. The top-left figure
below shows the points on the bend as they would be input. The top-right figure shows the
actual geometric location of the points on the bend. The bottom-left figure shows the same
geometry except that two nodes are defined on the bend curvature at angles of zero and
forty-five degrees.
For an animated tutorial on modeling bends, click Help > Animated Tutorials in the
main CAESAR II window.
53
SECTION 6
Code Stresses
The following code stress values are supported by CAESAR II.
In This Section
Nomenclature ................................................................................ 54
US Code Stresses ......................................................................... 56
International Code Stresses .......................................................... 62
CAESAR II Verification and Validation Guide................................ 72
Nomenclature
Use the nomenclature definitions below throughout CAESAR II unless a code section
specifically provides a different definition.
Am - Cross-sectional metal area in the pipe.
B1 - Primary stress index (component specific)
B2 - Primary stress index (component specific)
Di - Internal diameter
Dm - Mean diameter
Do - Outer diameter
dT - Change in temperature
E - Elastic modulus
f - Cyclic reduction factor
F1 - Hoop stress design factor
Fax - Axial force
FAC - A unitless factor used for a number of purposes depending on the piping code. For more
information, see the CAESAR II User's Guide.
i - Stress intensification factor
ii - In-plane stress intensification factor
io - Out-of-plane stress intensification factor
ia - Axial stress intensification factor
it -Torsional stress intensification factor
I - Sustained moment index
Ii - Sustained in-plane moment index
Io - Sustained out-of-plane moment index
54
Code Stresses
Ia - Sustained axial force index
It - Sustained torsional moment index
k - Occasional load factor
Ma - Resultant moment due to weight and other sustained loadings
Mb - Resultant moment due to occasional loadings
Mc - Range of resultant moments due to expansion and displacement loadings
Mi - In-plane moment
Mo - Out-of-plane moment
Pi - Internal pressure
Pe - External pressure
R - Radius of pipe or bend
Sa - Axial stress
Sb - Bending stress
Sc - Cold allowable stress (ambient or reference temperature)
Se - Equivalent stress (von Mises or Tresca)
Sh - Hot allowable stress
Shoop - Hoop stress
Sl - Longitudinal stress
Slp - Longitudinal pressure stress
Ss - Tangential shear stress
St - Torsion stress
SU - Ultimate tensile strength
Sy - Yield stress
T - Temperature derating factor
tn - Nominal wall thickness
Z - Pipe section modulus
Ze - Effective section modulus for branch
- Coefficient of thermal expansion
- Poissons ratio
55
Code Stresses
US Code Stresses
The US code-based stress equations and load case labels used by CAESAR II for actual and
allowable stresses are shown below.
The load case recommendations made by CAESAR II are usually sufficient for code
compliance. CAESAR II does not recommend occasional load cases. Occasional loads are
unknown in origin and you must specify them.
Code Equation
Allowable
Load Type
Code approximation
N/A
B31.1
Sl = Slp + 0.75iMa/Z
< Sh
SUS
Se = iMc/Z
EXP
< kSh
OCC
< Sh
SUS
B31.3
SL = [(Ia (|Slp + Fax / Ap|) +Sb)2 + 4St2]1/2
Where:
Sb = [(liMi)2 + (loMo)2]1/2 / Z
Where:
Z is the corroded section modulus
Note: For reduced outlet connections,
use Ze instead of Z.
St = ltMt / 2Z
56
Code Stresses
Code Equation
Allowable
Load Type
EXP
< kSh
OCC
< 1.5Sh
SUS
Se =iMc/Z
EXP
OCC
< Sh
SUS
Se = (Sb2 + 4St2)1/2
EXP
< kSh
OCC
Sb = [(iiMi)2 + (ioMo)2]1/2 / Z
Where:
Z is the section modulus computed from
nominal dimensions (not corroded).
Note: For reduced outlet connections,
use Ze instead of Z.
St = itMt / 2Z
|IaFax/Ap| + Sb + SL
Where:
Sb is defined as for sustained conditions;
however, it uses forces and moments due
only to occasional loading.
ASME SECT III CLASS 2 & 3
B31.4
Fully Restrained Pipe (B31.4/R)
Hoop:
Shoop = Pi D/2t (for D/t 20)
or
SUS, OPE,
OCC
< 0.9 Sy
EXP
57
Code Stresses
Code Equation
Allowable
Load Type
Longitudinal:
SL = SE + SH + Sb+ Fa/A
where
Sb = [(Mi2 + Mo2)1/2]/Z
< 0.9 Sy
SUS, OPE,
OCC
Equivalent Combined:
Seq = [(SL SH)2 + 4St2]1/2
< 0.9 Sy
SUS, OCC,
OPE
or
Seq = (SH2 SHSL + SL2 + 3St2)1/2
where
St = Mt/2Z
Fully Above Ground, Unrestrained Pipe (B31.4/U)
Hoop:
Shoop = Pi D/2t (for D/t 20)
or
Shoop = Pi (D-t)/2t (for D/t < 20)
SUS, OCC,
OPE, HYD
Expansion:
SE = (Sb2 + 4St2)1/2
where
Sb = {[(iiMi)2 + (ioMo)2]1/2}/Z
St = Mt/2Z
Longitudinal:
SL = PiD/4t + Sb + Fa/A
where
Sb = {[(iiMi)2 + (ioMo)2]1/2}/Z
< .75Sy
Equivalent Combined
Not used
EXP
Sc and Sh are
2/3Sy.
SUS, OPE,
OCC, HYD
SUS, OCC,
OPE, HYD
58
Code Stresses
Code Equation
Allowable
Load Type
Expansion:
SE = (Sb2 + 4St2)1/2
where
Sb = {[(iiMi)2 + (ioMo)2]1/2}/Z
St = Mt/2Z
< 0.8 Sy
EXP
Longitudinal:
SL = PiD/4t + Sb + Fa/A
where
Sb = {[(iiMi)2 + (ioMo)2]1/2}/Z
< 0.8 Sy
SUS, OPE,
OCC, HYD
Equivalent Combined
Not used
When more than one stress evaluation is used, such as checking both hoop stress
and longitudinal stress, CAESAR II reports the stress pair producing the largest calculated
stress/allowable stress ratio.
B31.4 Chapter IX (Offshore)
Hoop:
< F1Sy
OPE, SUS,
OCC
< 0.8Sy
OPE, SUS,
OCC
< 0.8Sy
OPE, SUS,
OCC
Shoop)/2]2
St2}1/2
When more than one stress evaluation is used, such as checking both hoop stress
and longitudinal stress, CAESAR II reports the stress pair producing the largest calculated
stress/allowable stress ratio.
B31.4 Chapter XI (Slurry Pipes)
Fully Restrained Pipe (B31.4 Ch XI/R)
Hoop:
Shoop = Pi D/2t (for D/t 20)
or
SUS, OCC,
OPE
< 0.9 Sy
EXP
59
Code Stresses
Code Equation
Allowable
Load Type
Longitudinal:
SL = SE + SH + Sb+ Fa/A
where
Sb = [(Mi2 + Mo2)1/2]/Z
< 0.9 Sy
SUS, OPE,
OCC
Equivalent Combined:
Seq = [(SL SH)2 + 4St2]1/2
< 0.9 Sy
SUS, OCC,
OPE
or
Seq = (SH2 SHSL + SL2 + 3St2)1/2
where
St = Mt/2Z
Fully Above Ground, Unrestrained Pipe (B31.4 Ch XI/U)
Hoop:
Shoop = Pi D/2t (for D/t 20)
or
Shoop = Pi (D-t)/2t (for D/t < 20)
SUS, OCC,
OPE, HYD
Expansion:
SE = (Sb2 + 4St2)1/2
where
Sb = {[(iiMi)2 + (ioMo)2]1/2}/Z
St = Mt/2Z
Longitudinal:
SL = PiD/4t + Sb + Fa/A
where
Sb = {[(iiMi)2 + (ioMo)2]1/2}/Z
< .75Sy
Equivalent Combined
Not used
EXP
Sc and Sh are
2/3Sy
SUS, OPE,
OCC, HYD
When more than one stress evaluation is used, such as checking both hoop stress
and longitudinal stress, CAESAR II reports the stress pair producing the largest calculated
stress/allowable stress ratio.
B31.5
Sl = Slp + Fax/Am +Sb
< Sh
SUS
(Sb2 + 4St2)1/2
EXP
Fax/Am + Sb + Slp
< kSh
OCC
Sb = {[(iiMi)2 + (ioMo)2]1/2} / Z
60
Code Stresses
Code Equation
Allowable
Load Type
B31.8
Restrained Pipe:
Straight Pipe:
Max(SL, SC)
< 0.9SyT
OPE, SUS
SL
< 0.9SyT
OCC
SC
< SyT
OCC
< 0.9SyT
OPE, SUS,
OCC
SL
< 0.75SyT
SUS, OCC
SE
EXP
Longitudinal: |SL|
< 0.8Sy
OPE, SUS,
OCC
Equivalent: Se
< 0.9Sy
OPE, SUS,
OCC
Where:
F1
Table
A842.22
Table
841.116A
< Sy
OPE
Slp + Sb
< 0.75SyFt
SUS
(Sb2 + 4St2)1/2
< 0.72Sy
EXP
61
Code Stresses
Allowable
Load Type
Stoomwezen
Slp + 0.75iMa / Z
<f
SUS
iMC / Z
< fe
EXP
< 1.2f
OCC
Sl = Slp + Fax/Am + Sb
< Sh
SUS
(Sb2 + 4St2)1/2
EXP
< kSh
OCC
CODETI
Sb = {[(iiMi)2 + (ioMo)2]1/2} / Z
Alternate Method:
Sl = PDo/4t + 0.75iMA / Z
< Sh
SUS
iMC / Z
EXP
< kSh
OCC
Click Configure
Canadian Z662
Fully restrained pipe (FAC = 1.0)
Sh - SL
< 0.9ST
OPE
62
Code Stresses
Code Equation
Sh = PDo/2tcor
Allowable
Load Type
hoop stress
Where:
P = design pressure
Do = outside diameter of pipe
tcor = corroded pipe wall thickness
SL = Sh - EC(T2-T1)
longitudinal stress
Where:
= Poissons ratio
EC = elastic modulus at ambient temperature
= thermal expansion coefficient
T2-T1 = temperature range between cold and hot conditions
Buried pipe with soil restraints modeled (FAC
= 0.001)
Sh SL + SB
OPE
< ST
Where:
SB = iMb/Z
bending stress
Where:
i = stress intensification factor
Mb = resultant bending moment
Z = (/64)(Do4-Di4)/0.5Do
section modulus
Di = inside pipe diameter (nominal)
< ST
OPE
< 0.72ST
EXP
< SFLT
OCC
Where:
Slp = PDi2/(Do2 Di2)
stress
longitudinal pressure
63
Code Stresses
Code Equation
Allowable
Load Type
Where:
Sb = bending stress due to sustained and occasional loading combined
F = design factor (0.800)
L = location factor (Table 4.2)
Canadian Z662 Ch 11
h = (Pi Pe)Do/2tmin
< SyFAT
OPE, SUS,
OCC
< SyFBT
OPE, SUS,
OCC
The hoop stress used in the equivalent stress equation is based on nominal pipe wall
thickness, but the hoop stress used in the separate code stress comparison is based on
minimum wall thickness.
Pi = internal pressure
Pe = external hydrostatic pressure
Do = outside pipe diameter
tmin = minimum pipe wall thickness accounting for corrosion allowance and manufacturing
tolerances
Sy = specified minimum yield strength
FA = design factor (Table 11.1, Column A)
FB = design factor (Table 11.1, Column B)
T = temperature factor (Table 4.4)
Sl = ax b
longitudinal stress
Both resultant Sl values must be considered in the equivalent stress formula and the
largest resultant equivalent stress used.
Where:
ax = (Pi - Pe)Di2 / (Do2 Di2) Fax / Am axial stress
The software subtracts the Fax / Am term if the evaluation is being done on the From
node and adds the term if the evaluation is being performed on the To node. Retain the sign of
the term prior to adding or subtracting it.
64
Code Stresses
Code Equation
Allowable
Load Type
Where:
Di = inside diameter of the pipe (not corroded)
Fax = axial force due to all operating loads
Am = metal cross sectional area
b = SIF(Mb/Z) bending stress
Where:
SIF = stress intensification factor
Mb = resultant bending moment
Z = (/64)(Do4 Di4)/Ro pipe section modulus
= Mt/2Z
torsion stress
Where:
Mt = torsion moment
Norwegian
SI = PDi2/Eff(Do2 Di2) + 0.75Ma/Z
< Sh
SUS
iMC / Z
< Sh + Sr - Sl
EXP
< 1.2Sh
OCC
Where:
Sr = min(1.25Sc + .25Sh, FrRs F2)
or
Fr(1.25R1 + 0.25R2)
< Sh
SUS
iMC / Z
EXP
65
Code Stresses
Code Equation
Allowable
Load Type
< kSh
OCC
(Sx2 + 4Ss2)1/2
< Sh
OPE
(S2+ 4Ss2)1/2
< EffSh
OPE
< EffSh
OPE
< 1.25Sh
OPE
BS 7159
If Sx is tensile:
If Sx is compressive:
|Sx|
Where:
Sx = PDm / 4t + [(ixiMi)2 + (ixoMo)2]1/2 / Z
Ss = Sx Fx / A
If Fx / A > PDm / 4t, and it is compressive:
S= MPDm / 2t
For Bends
For Tees
OPE
Where:
ab = Axial Bending Stress due to mechanical loads
f1 = Factor of Safety for 97.5% confidence limit, usually 0.85
f2 = System factor of safety, usually 0.67
r = a(0:1) / a(2:1)
a(0:1) = Long-term Axial Tensile Strength in absence of pressure load
a(2:1) = Long-term Axial Strength under only pressure loading
LTHS = Long-term Hydrostatic Strength (hoop stress allowable)
66
Code Stresses
Code Equation
Allowable
Load Type
Hoop Stress: Sh
< nsSMYS
OPE, SUS,
OCC
Hoop Stress: Sh
< nuSMTS
OPE, SUS,
OCC
Longitudinal Stress: SL
< nSMYS
OPE, SUS,
OCC
Equivalent Stress: Se
< nSMYS
OPE, SUS,
OCC
Where:
Sh = (Pi Pe)(D-t)/2t
ns = Hoop Stress Usage Factor (Tables C1 and C2)
nu = Hoop Stress Bursting Factor (Tables C1 and C2)
SMYS = Specified Minimum Yield Stress at Operating Temp.
SMTS = Specified Minimum Tensile Strength at Operating Temp.
SL = Max. Longitudinal Stress
n = Equiv. Stress Usage Factor (Table C4)
Se = [Sh2 + SL2 ShSL + 3t2]1/2
EN-13480
Pcdo/4en + 0.75iMA/Z
< ff
SUS
< ff+fa
EXP
< kff
OCC
< fCR
CRP
Pcdo/4en + SbA
< ff
SUS
< ff+fa
EXP
< kff
OCC
< fCR
CRP
Alternate Option:
Where:
67
Code Stresses
Code Equation
Allowable
SbA = [(iiMi)2+(ioMo)2]1/2 / Z
Load Type
SbC is defined as SbA, except that it uses the range of resultant moments due to thermal
expansion.
SbB is defined as SbA, except that it uses moments due only to occasional loading.
en = Nominal wall thickness.
ff, fCR = Hot allowable stress.
fa = Allowable stress range.
MA = Resultant moment from weight and other sustained mechanical loadings (SUS)
MC = Resultant moment from thermal expansion and alternating loadings (EXP)
HPGSL
Sl = Slp +Fax/Am + Sb
< Sh
SUS
[Sb2 + 4St2]1/2
EXP
Fax/Am + Sb + Slp
< kSh
OCC
<S
K1P
< 2 Sy
K1S
Sb = [(iiMi)2 + (ioMo)2]1/2 / Z
Where:
S = Minimum value of 0.6Su and 0.9Sy if material is aluminum type
= Minimum value of 0.6Suo, 0.6Su, 0.9Syo and Sy if material is austenite type
= Minimum value of 0.6Suo, 0.6Su, 0.9Syo and 0.9Sy if material is other type
Suo = Minimum tensile strength at room temperature
Sy = Yield point or 0.2% endurance strength at the design temperature
Syo = Minimum yield point or 0.2% endurance strength at room temperature
JPI
Sl = Slp + Fax/Am +Sb
< Sh
SUS
(Sb2 + 4St2)1/2
EXP
Fax/Am + Sb + Slp
< kSh
OCC
68
Code Stresses
Code Equation
Allowable
Load Type
<S
K1P
< 2 Sy
K1S
Where:
S = Minimum value of 0.6Su and 0.9Sy if material is aluminum type
= Minimum value of 0.6Suo, 0.6Su, 0.9Syo and Sy if material is austenite type
= Minimum value of 0.6Suo, 0.6Su, 0.9Syo and 0.9Sy if material is other type
Suo = Minimum tensile strength at room temperature
Sy = Yield point or 0.2% endurance strength at the design temperature
Syo = Minimum yield point or 0.2% endurance strength at room temperature
PD8010 Part 1
Hoop Stress: Sh
< eSy
OPE, SUS,
OCC
Equivalent Stress: Se
< 0.9Sy
OPE, SUS,
OCC
< fdhSy
OPE, SUS,
Where:
Sy = Specified min yield strength
e = Weld joint factor
Sh = P(Do2 + Di2)/(Do2 - Di2)
Se = [Sh2 + SL2 ShSL + 3St2]1/2
St = MT/2Z + 2Fs/A
MT= Torsional moment
Fs = Shear force
Unrestrained:
SL = Slp +iM/Z
Restrained:
FAC = 1.0 (fully restrained):
SL = Sh - EdT
FAC = 0.001 (Buried w/soil restraints):
SL = Fax/Am +Sh(1-) + Sb
PD8010 Part 2
Hoop Stress: Sh
69
Code Stresses
Code Equation
Allowable
Load Type
OCC
Equivalent Stress: Se
< fdeSy
OPE, SUS,
OCC
Slp + 0.75iMa/Z
< Sh
SUS
iMC/Z
EXP
Slpmax + 0.75i(Ma+Mb)/Z
< 1.2Sh
OCC
Where:
fdh = Hoop stress design factor per Table 2.
fde = Equivalent stress design factor per Table 2.
Sh = (Pe-Pi)(Do2 + Di2)/(Do2-Di2)
Se = [Sh2 + SL2 ShSL + 3St2]1/2
St = Mt/2Z + iM/Z
SL = Slp + iM/Z
RCC-M C&D
ISO 14692
ISO 14692 requires that the sum of all hoop stresses (h, sum) and the sum of all axial stresses
(a, sum) be evaluated for all states of the piping system. CAESAR II evaluates these stresses for
stress types OPE, SUS, and OCC. If the hoop stress is exceeded, the axial stress is not
reported.
Pipe:
Fully Measured Envelope:
If:
h,sum
f2A1A2A3hl(2,1)
and if:
h,sum
f2A1A2A3hl(1,1)
then use:
a,sum
If:
h,sum
f2A1A2A3hl(1,1)
then use:
a,sum
f2A1A2A3al(1,1)+{[al(2,1)
70
Code Stresses
Code Equation
Allowable
Load Type
al(1,1)]/[hl(2,1)-hl(1,1)]}[h,sumf2A1A2A3hl(1,1)]
Simplified Envelope:
h,sum
f2A1A2A3hl(2,1)
and
a,sum
f2A1A2A3qs
and
a,sum
f2A1A2A3rqs / 2 + (1-r)h,sum / 2
f2A1A2A3qs
and
a,sum
f2A1A2A3rqs / 2
Tees:
Rectangular Envelope (r = 1):
h,sum
f2A1A2A3qs
and
a,sum
f2A1A2A3qs / 2
Where:
f2 =
A1 =
A2 =
A3 =
qs =
al(0,1) =
71
Code Stresses
Code Equation
Allowable
Load Type
al(1,1) =
hl(1,1) =
al(2,1) =
hl(2,1) =
r=
a,sum =
h,sum =
ap =
ab =
h =
72
Index
A
Miscellaneous Options 49
O
Overview 9
Database Definitions 42
E
Equipment Codes 37
ESL Installation 13
External Interfaces 35
P
Piping Codes 36
Purchasing Licenses FAQ 20
Q
Quick Installation Workflow 18
I
Install a local lock 13
Install a network lock 13
Install CAESAR II 28
Install in Silent Mode 32
Install SmartPlant License Checkout Utility
23
Installation 26
International Code Stresses 64
Intersection Types 53
L
License Checkout Utility Dialog Box 24
Licensing 12
List of Materials 51
Restraints 52
Seminars 10
SIFs and STRESSES 49
SmartPlant License Manager Installation
16
Software and Hardware Requirements 9
T
Technical Information 35
Troubleshoot Installation 34
Troubleshooting Network Locks 16
U
US Code Stresses 58
Using the SmartPlant License Checkout
Utility 23
W
What's New in CAESAR II 6
Wind and Seismic Codes 38
73